热成形件模具结构的研究与设计

介绍了一种轿车B柱上框加强板热成形件的模具结构及工作原理,该套模具通过控制成形镶块内冷却水的流速等方式将加热后的硼钢板冲压成形,使加热到880~950℃的硼钢板以奥氏体向马氏体转变的最小冷却速度冷却,从而得到强度达1500 MPa的高强度冲压件。重点介绍了模具冷却系统的结构及工作原理。该模具结构实现了硼钢板的热冲压成形及冷却,得到的冲压件面差、止口及孔的总合格率达到95%,无起皱、开裂等质量缺陷,满足了整车对该高强度钢板制件的精度及品质要求。     

热冲压成形零件质量控制因素分析

热冲压成形技术是提高高强度钢板塑性成形能力,保证冲压零件尺寸精度以及提高冲压零件的强度级别的新型成形技术。本文在介绍超高强度钢板的热冲压成形工艺流程及应用的基础上,对直接影响热冲压零件成形质量的主要因素进行了识别和深入分析,讨论了模具材料、模具冷却设计及热冲压工艺参数如奥氏体化温度、保温时间、冷却速度和保压时间对热冲压零件质量的影响趋势,为车身制造中热冲压成形零件质量控制提供参考。     

超高强度钢热冲压实验研究

设计了一套带冷却系统的热冲压模具,采用设计的模具对硼合金钢板热冲压成形过程进行实验研究,分析了成形过程中板料与模具接触状态对超高强度钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,与传统冷冲压相比,热冲压后的零件回弹角大大降低,可有效地提高成形后零件尺寸精度;硼合金钢板的抗拉强度和屈服强度都得到明显提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到1400和1000 MPa左右;另外,由于板料/模具界面的冷却条件的影响,热冲压件的抗拉强度和伸长率等力学性能及马氏体组织分布呈现出不均匀的现象,与其他位置相比,零件的侧壁具有更高的拉伸强度和更低的伸长率。     

高强度板热冲压成形模具设计

通过对高强度22MnB5硼镁合金板材热冲压成形工艺和关键技术分析、热冲压成形模具热平衡分析,建立了高强度板材热冲压成形热平衡模拟方程,提出高强度板材热冲压成形模具设计方法,对热冲压成形模具冷却系统作了详细的设计.     

高强度板热成形变形机制与回弹研究

从22MnB5硼镁合金板材成形温度、降温速率和材料的相变形出发,研究了热成形过程中冷却速度、温度变化对回弹的影响,同时探讨了板材厚度等因素对高强度板材成形性能的影响.结果表明,板材的初始条件、板材热成形时的温度场变化和相变行为是影响回弹的主要因素;当冷却速度超过临界冷却速度时,回弹急剧增大;板材厚度对回弹控制和热成形工艺参数的制定有重大影响.     

利用拉延筋控制超高强度钢门槛板的冲压回弹

在高强度钢板冲压成形过程中,常常因为显著的回弹和面畸变导致形状和尺寸精度出现问题.利用数值模拟方法分析了超高强度钢门槛板的成形,根据模拟结果提出了利用设置拉延筋控制高强度板冲压回弹的方法,制定了合理的门槛板冲压模具的拉延筋设置方案.实际生产验证了该方法对回弹控制的有效性.     

探秘超高强硼钢热冲压成形新技术

热冲压成形技术 热中压成形技术就是将高强度钢(硼钢)加热到奥氏体温度范围,待零件材料的组织完成奥氏体转变后,迅速移动到模具内并快速冲压成形,在成形结束后对零件进行保压,再通过设置在模具内的冷却系统(保持适当的冷却速度),来完成对成形材料组织相变强化的全过程.     

超高强度钢热成形冷却过程数值模拟

针对热成形模具的冷却系统中冷却管道布置情况,建立了超高强度钢板热成形有限元模型,并利用ABAQUS进行热冲压模拟仿真,着重对成形速度与保压时间对冷却效果进行了研究。模拟分析表明:成形速度越快,板料变形抗力与最大温差越小;管道对板料的冷却并不是保压时间越长而效果越好。该研究结果为同类钢板热成形时工艺参数的选择提供了参考。     

热冲压成形数值仿真及模具冷却系统参数研究

在热冲压成形过程中,为更进一步认识热冲压成形过程,提高零件冷却性能和模具自身冷却能力,数值模拟了高强钢板料的热冲压成形和淬火过程,并对模具冷却系统参数做了研究。运用ABAQUS建立了基于热力耦合的弹塑性有限元模型,数值模拟了22Mn B5高强钢板U型件的热冲压成形和淬火过程,并将数值仿真结果与试验结果对比,验证了数值仿真模型的有效性。通过正交试验设计和灰色关联分析,以成形件最高温度、成形件最大温差、模具最高温度为目标,对模具冷却系统中冷却水流速和管道孔几何参数进行了灰色关联分析。分析结果表明,对上述3个目标影响重要度依次是冷却管道孔径、冷却管到模具表面距离、管道间距、水流速度。     

高强度钢板热冲压成形模具设计规范

热冲压成形技术是一项专门用于成形高强度钢板的新技术.阐述了热冲压模具与冷冲压模具在模具基本结构、模具圆角、间隙、压边圈及拉伸筋等的设计方法及技术要点上的差别.总结了高强度钢板热成形模具冷却系统和模具分块的设计方法,给出了模具材料选取参考.为建立热冲压模具的标准化和模块化设计规范奠定基础,促进国产热冲压装备生产线的构建和产业化实现.     

Valuation method for effects of hot stamping process parameters on product properties using hot forming simulator

Hot stamping is one of the hot forming processes for manufacturing products of lightweight construction such as lightweight vehicles. Knowledge on the characteristics of the hot stamping process is significant in designing and optimizing the process conditions, dies and tools; however, until now, the characteristics of this process, such as the relationships between a product property and die temperature and between a product property and cooling rate, and the springback amount, have not been clarified consistently or precisely. A new valuation method used to measure the effects of hot stamping conditions on product properties as a function of process parameters is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes a hot forming simulator, which is a precision press with feedback temperature control and controlled cooling, and permits to know the various characteristics of the hot stamping process. Here, the basic construction of the proposed method is presented, and its application to the characterization of the hot stamping process of high-strength steel sheets, such as an evaluation of the changes in product properties upon varying the forming conditions and process parameters, is shown and discussed.     

FEA technique of hot plate forming process using cell-typed die with cooling device

Hot plate forming using a cell-typed die is a process for forming a large thick plate with a spherical shape for the manufacture of a large spherical LNG tank.Cell-typed upper and lower dies made of a framework of steel plates fitted to make a grid pattern are used in this process,and an air-cooling device is separately installed inside the lower die.A finite element analysis (FEA) technique was developed,which included hot forming,air flow,cooling and thermal deformation analysis for the hot plate forming process using the cell-typed die.Further,the convective and interface heat transfer coefficients were used to reproduce analytically the effects of the cooling device in the hot plate forming analysis.A small-scale model test of the process was conducted to verify the FEA technique.The analysis results show that the curvature of the final plate agrees well with that of the designed experiment within a maximum relative error of 0.03% at the corner of the plate.     

G115钢热压弯成形工艺试验研究

分析了电站典型管件热压弯头、热压三通及热压封头的变形特点,其中热压三通的变形率最大,可达38％.并对G115钢热压弯成形进行了仿真模拟,结果可涵盖变形最为严重的情况.进而设计了热压弯工艺试验,研究了不同成形温度、道次和冷却方式对成形的影响,并对试样进行了外观检验、渗透检验、硬度检验和微观组织观察.通过热压弯工艺试验研究...     

冷却工艺对超低碳贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

采用热模拟试验和实验室轧钢试验,研究了超低碳贝氏体钢在冷却过程中冷却速率和终冷温度对微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在相同的冷却速率条件下,随着终冷温度的降低,试验钢的微观组织中板条贝氏体数量逐渐增加,但马奥岛体积分数减少,并且形状由长条状全部转变为球状.相同的终冷温度条件下,试验钢微观组织随着冷却速率的增加,粒状贝氏体组织略为变细,马奥岛尺寸减小、数量减少.轧钢试验中,随着冷却速率的提高和终冷温度的降低,试验钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和屈强比都增加,但冲击韧性随着冷速的增加而明显改善,400～500 ℃范围内终冷对韧性影响不明显.     

长底门挡热压成形工艺与模具设计

以底开门敞车长底门挡成形为例,介绍了高强度厚板的热压成形工艺及模具设计,并结合车间生产的实际情况,调整了成形过程,优化了模具结构,杜绝了工件在压形过程中因窜动导致成形高度超差的质量问题。     

Springback of High-Strength Steel after Hot and Warm Sheet Formings

The springback of high-strength steel after hot and warm sheet formings is investigated. Environmentally friendly vehicles will promote the increasing usage of high-strength steel sheets, however, a large amount of springback after sheet forming is one of the major drawbacks. A series of hot and warm sheet forming experiments on high-strength steel sheets are conducted using a hot compression testing machine, and the effect of forming temperature on the amount of springback is evaluated. The springback is markedly reduced when the forming temperature is higher than 750K, which is approximately the critical temperature for the recrystallization of ferrite grains.     

钢板热冲压新技术介绍

钢板热冲压是一种将先进高强度钢板加热到奥氏体温度后快速冲压,在保压阶段通过模具实现淬火并达到所需冷却速度,从而得到组织为马氏体,强度在1500MPa左右的超高强度零件的新型成形技术。文章对钢板热冲压新技术的关键装备、核心技术和优缺点做了系统介绍,并指出了其使用现状和前景。     

Effect of concrete carbonation process on the passivating products of galvanized steel reinforcements

The composition of passivating products on galvanized steel reinforcement in concrete during carbonation was studied. Cube‐shaped concrete specimens were manufactured with Portland 52.5 R cement and reinforced with hot‐dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from pure Zn and Zn? Sn? Bi? Ni alloy bath. The concrete specimens were exposed to air curing for 28 days and then to the carbonation chamber. Corrosion rate and potential measurements were performed both during the curing in air and exposure in a carbonation chamber. At defined periods of time, some concrete specimens were broken and the galvanized steel sheets were submitted to XRD, SEM observations and EDX analysis. The growth of the passivation products was evaluated by integrating the diffraction peaks. XRD analysis and SEM observations show that the layer of calcium hydroxyzincate (CaHZn), formed on the galvanized sheets during the air curing, is destroyed by the concrete carbonation process. However, potential measurements indicate that the galvanized steel always remains in the passive state. X‐ray diffractometry was not able to identify the new passivating product; EDX maps suggest the presence of zinc carbonates.     

热冲压工艺参数对22MnB5马氏体钢汽车B柱性能影响的有限元模拟

通过有限元仿真软件Autoform分析了热冲压过程中工艺参数的变化对22MnB5马氏体钢B柱起皱、回弹、减薄、马氏体量以及强度的影响。结果表明:22MnB5马氏体钢B柱热冲压最优化工艺参数为加热温度930 ℃,冷却速率80 ℃/s。该工艺参数下,热冲压过程各处均完成马氏体转变,硬度分布均匀,材料减薄率较低,热冲压成形效果好,尺寸精度高,冲压件强度均大于1400 MPa。