电解槽大修渣的污染及其控制

简要介绍电解槽大修渣的组成、及其污染毒性。指出这种大修渣属危险废物,对环境的污染是长期的。电解槽大修渣中废碳块可在氧化铝、水泥生产中的综合利用,渣场进行防渗处理,以避免对环境的污染。     

电解法去除电镀液中杂质的原理与应用

3电解处理的要求3.1查明有害杂质的来源电解处理可以去除某些杂质,但有时也会产生杂质。例如有害杂质来源于不纯的阳极,电解处理时仍用这种阳极,那么随着电解过程的进行,杂质就会越积累越多,故障越来越严重;假如杂质来源于某些化合物在电极上的分解,那么电解将使这类分解产物逐渐增多。这样的电解处理,不但不能净化镀液,反而[1]会不断加重镀液的污染。原南京自行车零件五厂在氯化钾镀锌时,镀层会像松树皮一样剥落下来。经查锌     

硫渣隔膜电解主要操作技术条件的控制

通过现场科学分析研究,采用隔膜电解工艺,彻底分离锡冶炼过程中间产物硫渣,以确保可靠、连续、稳定的硫渣隔膜电解生产,对行业锡冶炼过程中间产物处理的推广和应用具有现实意义。     

渣铝分离剂--适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后,温度相对较高,一般在750℃以上,远高于普通铝合金铸造温度．另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出。中间没有经过任何处理,因此含有大量的浮渣,此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性。我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂,相对于普通打渣剂,该打渣剂具有如下特点：     

渣铝分离剂--适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后,温度相对较高,一般在750℃以上,远高于普通铝合金铸造温度,另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出,中间没有经过任何处理,因此含有大量的浮渣,此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性,我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂．相对于普通打渣剂,该打渣剂具有如下特点。     

镁电解渣对电解过程的影响研究

在对镁电解渣结构进行深入了解的基础上,利用电位扫描法以及气冷阴极研究镁电解渣对电解时氯化镁分解电压以及镁的汇集情况的影响,研究结果表明:电解时,电解质中掺入电解渣会明显提高氯化镁的分解电压,增加电耗,渣的存在会恶化镁的汇集条件,使电解出的镁无法汇集长大。     

渣铝分离剂--适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后，温度相对较高．一般在750℃以上，远高于普通铝合金铸造温度，另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出，中间没有经过任何处理。因此含有大量的浮渣。此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性．我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂，相对于普通打渣剂，该打渣剂具有如下特点：     

渣铝分离剂--适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后．温度相对较高．一般在750℃以上，远高于普通铝合金铸造温度，另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出。中间没有经过任何处理，因此含有大量的浮渣，此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性，我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂，相对于普通打渣剂，该打渣剂具有如下特点：     

渣铝分离剂——适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后．温度相对较高．一般在750℃以上．远高于普通铝合金铸造温度．另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出．中间没有经过任何处理．因此含有大量的浮渣．此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性．我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂．相对于普通打渣剂．该打渣剂具有如下特点。     

渣铝分离剂--适合于电解铝液铸造专用打渣剂

电解铝液经抬包从电解槽内抽出后，温度相对较高。一般在750℃以上，远高于普通铝合金铸造温度．另外电解铝液由于直接从电解槽内抽出．中间没有经过任何处理，因此含有大量的浮渣，此类浮渣具有成分复杂、易污染炉体、渣铝分离性差等特点。针对电解铝液浮渣的特性．我公司研制出适合于电解铝液铸造的专用打渣剂，相对于普通打渣剂，该打渣剂具有如下特点：     

攀钢西渣场开发利用工程A场挡墙及地基处理

阐述了在松散渣铁层及河岸漂卵石层中快速成孔,形成较大直径的旋喷注浆桩的过程。介绍了就地取材,利用渣铁做挡墙砌块粗骨料及墙体充填材料的新方法。该法既节约了大量外运的混凝土骨料,又增大了渣库库容,为渣铁的开发利用,提供了一个新的范例。     

Electrolytic Reduction of Titania Slag in Molten Calcium Chloride Bath

Ferro-titanium is prepared by direct electrolytic reduction of titania-rich slag obtained from plasma smelting of ilmenite in molten CaCl₂. The product after electro-reduction is characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The electrolysis is carried out at a cell voltage of 3.0?V, taking graphite as the electrolysis cell as well as the anode, and a titania-rich slag piece wrapped by a nichrome wire is used as the cathode.     

Tin Smelting in Brazil

A new tin smelting plant—Cia. Estanifera do Brasil—which is perhaps one of the most integrated units in the world is described. The plant is unique in its ability to treat a wide variety of pure Thailand ores, relatively impure African ores, foul Bolivian ores, and ores from various provinces of Brazil, as well as a wide range of residues, drosses, and tin-containing materials. The entire smelting operation including ore treatment, primary smelting, slag treatment, and electrolytic refining are described in detail. In addition, slag processing, powder metallurgy techniques, quality control, and operating recoveries are discussed.     

热镀锌渣回收利用工艺研究进展

热镀锌技术是目前钢铁材料防腐蚀的一种有效方法,但是在热镀锌过程中会产生大量热镀锌渣。热镀锌渣是溶解在锌液中的Fe与锌液中的Zn或Al在高温条件下生成的金属间化合物。热镀锌渣中含有大量金属锌,是一种使用价值极高的二次锌资源。但是热镀锌渣不能直接用于工业生产,需要对其进行回收处理。目前,热镀锌渣的回收利用工艺可大致分为火法和湿法。详细介绍了这两种热镀锌渣回收利用工艺的机理及研究进展,阐述了现有热镀锌渣回收工艺中的熔析熔炼法、蒸馏法、真空蒸馏法、化学法和电解法的工艺原理,并对这几种回收提纯工艺的特点进行了总结。阐明了不同回收工艺获得最终锌产品的特点和工艺过程中所用设备的差异。通过对火法和湿法两种回收工艺进行比较,进一步分析了现有锌渣回收处理工艺的优缺点。最后提出综合利用现有锌渣回收工艺的优点,研发新型、高品质、低能耗、高效率、环保的回收工艺是热镀锌渣回收处理技术未来的发展趋势。     

Zinc Recovery via the Flame Reactor Process

A major objective of the zinc industry for the 1990s will be to maintain high zinc recovery while eliminating the disposal of copious quantities of hazardous iron residues. The flame reactor process has demonstrated the potential of meeting this objective by either treating the residues or smelting zinc directly. The process has been proven commercially viable for treating flue dusts generated during electric arc furnace steelmaking. Zinc, lead and cadmium are recovered from the dust as a crude oxide for recycle while a nonhazardous slag is produced for sale. Similar products are efficiently produced from electrolytic zinc plant neutral leach and iron precipitation residues. In addition, the reactor shows promise of fulfilling its original objective of being a low-energy primary zinc smelter by fuming and condensing zinc from roasted concentrates.     

Co-reduction of Copper Smelting Slag and Nickel Laterite to Prepare Fe-Ni-Cu Alloy for Weathering Steel

In this study, a new technique was proposed for the economical and environmentally friendly recovery of valuable metals from copper smelting slag while simultaneously upgrading nickel laterite through a co-reduction followed by wet magnetic separation process. Copper slag with a high FeO content can decrease the liquidus temperature of the SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO system and facilitate formation of liquid phase in a co-reduction process with nickel laterite, which is beneficial for metallic particle growth. As a result, the recovery of Ni, Cu, and Fe was notably increased. A crude Fe-Ni-Cu alloy with 2.5% Ni, 1.1% Cu, and 87.9% Fe was produced, which can replace part of scrap steel, electrolytic copper, and nickel as the burden in the production of weathering steel by an electric arc furnace. The study further found that an appropriate proportion of copper slag and nickel laterite in the mixture is essential to enhance the reduction, acquire appropriate amounts of the liquid phase, and improve the growth of the metallic alloy grains. As a result, the liberation of alloy particles in the grinding process was effectively promoted and the metal recovery was increased significantly in the subsequent magnetic separation process.     

Producing carbon-free Cr/Cr alloys using a reverse-polarity transferred-arc plasma

A process for producing chromium/chromiumalloys from low-grade chromium-bearing ore (or wastes) yields carbon-free chromium/chromium alloys by fused-salt electrolysis in the presence of reverse-polarity transferred-arc thermal plasma. Reverse-polarity transferred-arc thermal plasma is when the torch itself works as the anode and the molten bath, comprising liquid slag beneath which is reduced metal, thereby forming the cathode of the electrical circuit. Reduction takes place without the use of reductants, so there are no carbon-containing off gases. Through this process, chromic oxide can be reduced to chromium by adjusting the chemical composition of the electrolytic bath. Depending on the metal oxide fed into the bath, a variety of final metal compositions can be produced, such as chromium/chromium alloys. For more information, contact P.R. Taylor, University of Tennessee, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 435 Dougherty Engineering Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200; (865) 974-5328; fax (865) 974-4115; e-mail prtaylor@utk.edu.     

大型铝电解槽的安全设计优化

铝电解系列的本质安全设计对企业的安全生产至关重要,随着铝电解系列的大型化发展,大容量槽的安全生产更是尤为关键,合理的铝电解槽设计对电解系列的安全稳定生产起着决定性作用。本文从大型铝电解槽的本质安全设计入手,分析总结了近年来发生安全事故的大型槽的经验,对大型槽的槽壳结构、电热场、磁流体稳定性及母线风险点进行了优化设计,通过对合理的电解槽结构设计、先进磁流体稳定性计算平台及新型绝缘材料的使用,有效消除了铝电解槽生产过程中的安全隐患,确保了大型铝电解系列的安全生产,为大型铝电解系列的安全、稳定、高效生产提供了有力保障。     

某420 kA大型电解槽电热场测试和分析

针对某铝厂420 kA大型铝电解槽进行了全面的电、热场测试,对该槽型的运行情况进行分析。测试了该电解槽阳极、阴极、母线等各部分的欧姆压降,并和设计值进行了比较。测试并计算了立柱母线、阴极、阳极电流分布,比较了和设计值的偏差。测试了该槽型的炉膛形状,分析了高电流密度电解槽的炉膛形成规律。对电解槽的散热和能量平衡进行了详细的计算分析,为大型槽的内衬设计提供了依据。测试发现,该420 kA电解系列由于采用了保温型的设计,电解槽各部分散热比例和传统散热型电解槽有非常大的差异,特别是槽底部,只占电解槽散热的3%以内,比传统7%的散热比例要小得多。结合各项测试内容和生产情况,针对我国大型电解槽的设计提出改进建议。     

海绵钛/电解钛熔炼TC4钛合金铸锭直接轧制板材的组织及性能

分别以海绵钛和电解钛为原材料熔炼TC4钛合金,将熔炼后的铸锭进行热轧,研究两种原材料熔炼的铸锭轧制为TC4轧板后的组织与性能。结果表明,海绵钛TC4热轧板材组织较电解钛晶粒粗大,组织不均匀,而电解钛TC4热轧板材组织为均匀细长、条状交错的α相,呈现出类似网篮组织结构。海绵钛TC4板材的抗拉强度和洛氏硬度明显高于电解钛TC4钛合金板材,而电解钛TC4板材的塑性更好。海绵钛TC4板材的断裂方式为准解理断裂与韧性断裂的复合断裂,而电解钛TC4板材的断裂方式为韧性断裂。