土拨鼠节

<正>On February 2, 1887, Groundhog Day, featuring a rodent~2 meteorologist~3, is celebrated for the first time at Gobbler's Knob in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. According to tradition, if a groundhog comes out of its hole on this day and sees its shadow, it gets scared and runs back into its burrow~4, predicting six more weeks of winter weather; no shadow means an early spring.1887年的2月2日,在宾夕法尼亚州庞斯塔维尼的火鸡丘首次庆祝以啮齿动物气象学     

Energy and Buildings(瑞士)

<正>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03787788/88Volume 88,Pages 1-428(1 February 2015)(1)An analysis of load reduction and load shifting techniques in commercial and industrial buildings under dynamic electricity pricing schedules,P15-24,By Melek Yalcintas,William T.Hagen,Abidin Kaya Abstract:Due to fluctuations in the supply and demand for electricity throughout the day,the wholesale cost to an electric utility to produce and provide electricity to customers varies continuously     

如何庆祝中国农历新年的15天

<正>Chinese New Year traditions change from region to region in China.While some traditions have fallen victim to modern times,many are still celebrated.Don’t just watch the fireworks and lion dances;you’ll get more out of the celebration once you understand some of the 15 days of Chinese New Year traditions!中国新年的传统在中国不同的地区也各不相同。虽然有些传统已经成为现代的牺牲品,但有一些仍旧保留了下来。不要光顾着看烟火和舞狮,当你了解了中国新年的15天的传统,你就会收获更多!     

Quality,Quantity and Origin of PAHs （Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons） in Lotic Ecosystem of Al-Hilla River,Iraq

The Euphrates River is one of the major rivers in Iraq. When it reaches north of Hilla city, it will be divided in two branches. One of these braches flows toward Hilla city. On this branch, six locations were studied for the water quality of the Euphrates water. The present paper is aimed to fill the gap of information of the presence of PAHs （poly aromatic hydrocarbons） in water and sediment of AI-Hilla River, as well as to determine the quality and quantity of some PAHs. The depth of the river ranges from 2 m to 6 m. The quality, quantity and the origin of PAHs were studied in the water and sediment of Al-Hilla River. In addition, some physical and chemical properties were studied at six sites along the studied area, for the period March, 2010 to February, 2011. Sixteen PAHs that are listed by USEPA （US Environmental Protection Agency） as priority pollutants （Nap （naphthalene）, Acpy （acenaphthylene）, Acp （acenaphthene）, Flu （fluorine）, Phen （phenanthrene）, Ant （anthracene）, Flur （fluoranthene）, Py （pyrene）, B（a）A （benzo（a）anthracene）, Chry （chrysene）, B（b）F （benzo（b）fluoranthene）, B（k）F （benzo（k）fluoranthene）, B（a）p （benzo（a）pyrene）, BbA （dibenzo（a,h）anthracene）, B（ghi）P （benzo（ghi）perylene） and Ind （indeno （1,2,3-cd） pyrene）） were detected in Al-Hilla river. High concentrations of PAHs were detected in the sediment relative to that within the water. The present study revealed that the origin of PAHs in water and sediment might be the pyrogenic origin.     

Response of Urban Planning to Climate Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Area: A Case Study of Nanjing

Global climate change is the greatest challenge for the survival of civilization in human history, to which a lot of countries all over the world have taken measures including the administrative and technical approaches in the field of urban planning. However, those approaches are mainly in line with the traditional urban planning principles and methodologies, with weak guidance to practice. Especially for the areas which are undergoing rapid urbanization, it is urgent to work on the critical problem of how to draw up city and regional plans to deal with the challenge of climate change by innovating the existing urban planning principles and methodologies. Taking Nanjing as example, this paper firstly puts forward the strategic principles to deal with the climate change in city master planning, including controlling urbanization speed and restricting disordered urban sprawl, balancing ecological system, protecting green spaces and ecologically fragile areas, enhancing the resilient ability to natural disasters and protecting urban security, and promoting sustainable development, etc., then presents the sustainable and flexible urban planning methods including adaptability assessment on spatial development, identification and delimitation of important ecological protection zones, risk assessment and early warning of disasters, clean pro- duction and energy-saving approaches, etc. It further explores some measures to addressing the issue of climate change that are applied in the new City Master Plan of Nanjing, including ① controlling the sprawl of construction land and protecting the ecological carbon sink spaces in order to weaken the impacts of climate change; ② guaranteeing the safety of ecological pattern and maintaining the balance of the urban eco-system in order to ensure the stability of local micro-climate and livable environment; ③ strengthening the regional flood-prevention in order to weaken the threat of natural disasters caused by climate change; ④ giving priority to public transportation and reducing carbon emissions in order to reduce the impacts of urban activities on the atmosphere.     

Historicity： Preservation or Revitalization Planning Tools？

The historic centres revitalization addresses the challenges related to the preservation of fundamental heritage values. At a time, when everyone looks with concern to our cities＇ future, it is important to reflect on the received heritage, seeking the most appropriate answers to the planning of the historic centres. These fabrics are reference places in the urban space, due to their role of memorial testimony and of generators of cultural and economic dynamics. However, often times, inherited urban fabrics are affected by the limitations of the heritage policies which, for being too general and based on theoretical and abstract frameworks, have difficulty incorporating the characteristics of each area and neglect the formulation of specific criteria and intervention methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative reading of the levels of urban renewal allowed by the planning tools. This study chooses two historic centers in Portugal： Oporto and Guimarfies historic centres （World Heritage Sites since 1996 and 2001, respectively, and were the last to get this classification in Portugal）. This reflection is a contribution to peer trends and raise the discussion on the role that the different heritage policies have to the revitalization of the historic centres.     

Optimization of Resource in the Industry of Construction

Time and cost are two of the most important factors to consider in each construction project. In order to maximize performance, both the client and the contractor will work to optimize both the duration of the project and its cost. We show a model of linear entire mixed programming to solve the considered problem. The aim is to minimize the project total time, by means of the assignment of equipments of work to the different production lines of the activities to realizing. The fundamental beginning is to support the same production （rate of production in meters/day of the activity in view of the equipment of work） for tbe different equipments to achieve the maximum efficiency in each period of time. With the limited availability of resources, the work must be continuous and the period of time between operations and final must be kept. However, this paper also presents the bibliographical study on methodologies of the optimization of construction processes in response to the two objectives： time and cost. This will consider the use of recta-heuristic techniques, such as population based algorithms.     

A Brief Introduction to the Information System for the City Planning and Construction Management of Suzhou

This article—“The Research and Development of the Information System for City Planning and ConstructionManagement of Suzhou City”was written to expand the scope of research and to strengthen management and controlso as to provide a basis for policy-making,to bring both in-denth analysis and to combine qualitative and quantita-tive determination.The article introduces the basic structure and functions of the information system,including theinformation flow,division of sub-systems,hardware-model selection,the content of data base and their classifica-tion and coding,etc.The article also introduces the functions of treatment of graphic information,word numericalvalue information and its uniqueness in combining graphical and non-graphical information.This information sys-tem is comparatively low cost simple in operation,and there is a basic guarantee of source of information.A pre-limirary use of the system has proved its practivability,which forms the basic condition for the extended applicationof the system.     

The Trend of Housing Marginalization of Low and Lower-Middle Social Groups in Large Cities and Its Planning Countermeasures:Taking Chengdu as an Example

As low and lower-middle social groups account for a great proportion of the total population in China and their status in society is special,it is of great social and practical significance to study their housing conditions and characteristics.Based on research at home and abroad,this paper defines the basic characteristics of low and lower-middle social groups in China,and elaborates the definition and connotation of housing marginalization,thereby proposing that these residents in the Chinese city are facing a problem of housing marginalization.According to data from the fifth and sixth population census and statistical yearbooks of Chengdu,it reveals changes in housing location,housing tenure structure,and housing quality of the study group between 2000 to 2010 by means of spatial and statistical analysis,which indicates that the low and lower-middle social groups are facing the three trends of "living in outskirts," "predicament in tenure selectivity of housing," and "impoverishment of housing quality." In response to these trends,three planning suggestions are proposed:① to establish "housing policy areas" suitable for the group of residents to reside and work;② to innovate policy measures to support the low and lower-middle social groups to rent and purchase houses within these areas;③ to guide the residents to integrate into the community life circle in these areas so as to avoid poverty concentration.     

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural,Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.