面向三网融合的光传送网技术进展

文章认为三网融合的发展对网络架构的新需求主要体现在网络的扁平化和透明化,对网络容量的需求也有大幅度提高,同时需要传送网提供灵活的大容量调度能力;作为业务网络的基础承载网络,传输网络需要满足各种业务承载的传送带宽和长传输距离、安全性和灵活调度等要求;传送网的技术发展在光传送网（OTN）技术、分组传送网（PTN）技术和100G技术方面的发展为传输网的进一步发展和融合做好了技术储备。     

5G移动业务OTN承载解决方案

针对5G移动业务,光传送网(OTN)可以实现承载移动前传、中传和回传业务。认为作为基础的承载技术,OTN可以提供大带宽、低时延、灵活分片、高可靠性、开放协同的能力,适合在5G时代新网络架构下的前传和回传组网,并能同时支撑运营商固网等其他业务的发展,满足未来网络持续演进的需求。     

OTN技术在5G承载网中的应用

随着5G网络的飞速发展,传统的光传送网技术、PTN技术以及IP RAN技术均难以完美适配5G网络大带宽、低时延、精准时间同步以及超高保护恢复的需求。文章通过分析5G承载网的技术发展,详细阐述了光传送网作为5G承载网设计方案主流体制中的关键技术和前传、中传/回传组网方案设计,以期在实际应用中提供借鉴。     

5G时代传送网技术变革研究

针对5G商用在即的传送网络现状,分析5G网络承载的特点和技术瓶颈,提出基于解决未来无线接入大带宽、低时延、灵活连接、组网架构变化等多方面的需求的可行方案。指出现有传送网技术WDM/OTN、PTN/IPRAN必将向分组切片网络(SPN)+软件定义网络(SDN)协同的方向平滑演进。     

5G传送标准进展

5G传送是支撑未来5G应用的关键技术之一,已成为近期技术研究和标准化领域的热点。介绍了5G传送相关的主要标准组织的进展及分析,包括:国际电信联盟电信标准化部(ITU-T)SG15、电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.1、光互联论坛(OIF)等,涉及了5G传送需求,以及切片分组网(SPN)/灵活以太网(FlexE)、移动优化的光传送网(M-OTN)/灵活光传送网(FlexO)、时间敏感网络(TSN)、超高精度时间同步等的相关技术方案。同时,还指出2018年将成为5G传送标准化工作的关键窗口期。     

全业务交换光分组传送体系架构研究

从网络平滑演进的角度看,基于分组传送同时兼容现有TDM传送技术的"全业务交换传送"的体系架构是实现光传送网向分组化方向演进的必然选择,也是电信运营商关心的主要问题之一.文章主要讨论了基于分组传送的全业务交换传送的体系结构及其实现方案,该体系结构的关键是在电层引入基于分组的T-MPLS交换技术,解决光传送网对分组业务的承载问题.该体系架构能够满足各种网络业务的传送需求,融合了数据、电路和光层传送功能于一体,支持数据/TDM/波长等不同技术信号的交换.     

浅析面向5G业务的OTN承载思路

在5G业务发展领域,OTN相较于其他传送网体现出了更多优势,能够较好实现5G业务承载。在对5G业务发展的OTN承载需求展开分析的基础上,提出面向5G业务的OTN组网架构,并对OTN采用的前传、中传等承载技术进行探讨,能够为发展5G通信网络技术提供参考。     

面向5G演进的OTN技术发展研究

5G业务的深入发展,离不开高质量的5G承载网络。文章分析5G通信特点和5G对承载网提出的全新挑战,分析当前城域OTN(光传送网)承载网现状、存在问题和多样化的建网需求,对网络架构、光接口技术、智能控制技术、调度保护技术及组网模式等演进方向和技术应用进行研究探索,提出网络规划和建设建议,以期推动面向5G的OTN技术成熟和产业发展。     

面向5G网络的传输承载方案

针对5G(第5代移动通信技术)网络对传输承载的新需求:超大带宽、超低时延、灵活调度、网络切片等,以及承载网组网架构特点,文章从不同场景、不同运营商分析5G承载网的前传、中传、回传方案,并从网络架构升级、基础设施建设以及光缆和综合业务区建设等方面给出具体建议。对于5G传输承载网,运营商需根据自身网络现状,围绕基础设施,结合综合接入区和DC机房整体规划,快速推进传输承载网建设。     

面向5G的光传送网技术演进分析

随着5G标准的成熟,分组切片网（SPN）和软件定义网络（SDN）等技术理念的提出对5G的发展起到了至关重要的作用。通过分析5G传送网络架构演进,再进行5G传送网技术应用的相关研究,对未来5G网络承载演进方案做必要的分析。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks