可持续发展的生态高层建筑设计——以英国诺丁汉大学建筑环境学院高层建筑设计教育为例

本文以诺丁汉大学建筑建筑环境学院高层建筑设计教育为例,从城市设计、生态设计及能源再利用等方面进行剖析,同时结合螺旋塔、立体城市、生态天空塔从高层建筑设计实践层面上对上述理念进行阐释,指出可持续发展的生态高层建筑将成为未来发展趋势。     

生态建筑学视角下城市高层建筑设计研究

本文从生态建筑学的基础概述入手,进而分析生态建筑学视角下城市高层建筑设计思路,在此基础上分析这一视角下高层建筑设计的实践策略。目的是推动我国城市建筑与生态文明相协调。     

兰州高层建筑生态设计策略浅析

城市的集约型发展是中国城市化进程中的一个必然选择,绿色生态建筑设计已然成为现代高层建筑设计的发展趋势。通过分析兰州高层建筑本身的特点和生存环境,认识兰州高层建筑在生态环境设计方面存在的问题,并提出该类型建筑的生态设计策略。     

高层建筑的生态设计及对形态的影响

随着生态理念的愈发深入人心,生态设计在建筑设计中的应用也愈发广泛。作为一种现代化城市设计手法,生态设计所坚持的原则是生态化、自然化与环境和谐化,旨在促进"社会-建筑-环境"三者之间的协调发展。针对现代高层建筑设计中所涉及到的生态设计问题,本文从生态设计的概念入手,对高层建筑中生态设计的具体措施,以及生态设计对建筑形态的影响进行论述,得出结论供同行参考。     

浅议高层建筑在城市建设发展中的作用与影响——以上海浦东为例

高层建筑是当代城市发展的一种选择。通过高层建筑可以提高土地利用率,增加建筑使用空间满足各种城市功能的需求,同时提供更多的空间来发展城市的生态景观功能,而且高层建筑本身也是城市文化的体现。文章以上海浦东新区的发展与建设为例,浅议高层建筑在城市发展中的作用与影响。     

立体绿化在高层住宅建筑中的应用形式研究

在大中城市用地紧缺情况下,城市中的绿地景观逐渐减少。高层建筑中的立体绿化为城市生态问题提供了一条有效的解决途径。目前,在一些高层住宅建筑中,空中庭院、屋顶花园等已成为城市的绿色景观和活动的场所,本文对几种典型的高层住宅建筑立体绿化形式进行分析和总结,为工程实践中的高层住宅立体绿化设计提供一定参考。     

高层建筑给排水消防设计关键技术的应用探究

高层建设是现代城市建筑的主流形式,能够在一定程度上解决城市土地资源紧张的问题。而从保障高层建筑稳定性和安全性的角度,在规划设计和建设中需要高度重视建筑的质量安全和给排水消防设计工作。本文结合高层建筑火灾的特点,从当前高层建筑给排水消防设计存在的问题出发,对照具体案例,分析了高层建筑给排水消防设计关键技术的应用,希望能够促进高层建筑给排水消防设计水平的提高。     

论玻璃幕墙安全性及其防治

随着城市化进程的不断推进,建筑玻璃幕墙作为现代建筑的主要表现形式,由于玻璃本身具有的通透性、良好的工艺感及艺术感,能充分体现城市现代气息和特质,因而在建筑中被广泛采用.然而,近年来玻璃幕墙的在建筑应用中尤其在高层建筑的应用中频频出现安全问题.对此,本文从技术层面上对玻璃幕墙主材中玻璃部分涉及公共安全的主要问题进行分析,并提出应对之策,以供业内参考.     

高层建筑的亲地性与环境心理问题研究

本文强调高层建筑在“看”与”被看”这两个层面上给人们心理所带来的问题。并提出要慎重修建高层建筑,本文提出克服这一问题的两点建议：（1）注重高层建筑本身的亲地性模式设计．并提出了二种模式1空中花园——立体院落的应用2连续的交往空间——院落之组合（2）建筑绿化技术与高层建筑在建筑垂直面与水平面的融合。从而尽量减少高层建筑给环境和人群带来的负面影响。     

高层建筑结构设计中的不足及解决措施

随着社会经济的发展和土地越来越紧张,高层建筑也在我国建筑市场上快速发展,其结构、功能、设计、材料等越来越趋向于多样化和复杂化,然而,建筑结构的多样化并不只是考虑到建筑物的审美或是其他功能,更重要的是与建筑物本身的安全性息息相关。从这个层面来看,优化建筑结构设计,对于提高高层建筑的综合性能有重要意义。本文针对高层建筑结构设计不足的情况进行探讨并提出相应的解决措施,为加强高层建筑结构基础设计提供一定的参考意见。     

A review of the diagrid structural system for tall buildings

Unlike vertical columns of traditional structure, diagrid structural systems for tall buildings have special inclined columns. Due to the inclined columns, a diagrid structural system for tall buildings produces axial force along the column direction under horizontal load, which has the advantage of resisting horizontal wind load and seismic load and gives more freedom to architectural design, so a diagrid structural system for tall buildings becomes an effective new structure style for tall and super‐tall buildings. Theories and tests regarding the diagrid structural system for tall buildings have been intensely researched since the exterior tube of diagrid structural system for tall buildings was first proposed by Torroja in his seminal book. At present, studies for mechanical characteristics, joint form, theories, and tests have been systematized. This paper systematically summarizes existing research achievements of the diagrid structural system for tall buildings and confirms that the structure has larger lateral stiffness and good seismic performance. Based on the favourable performance of concrete‐filled steel tubes, this paper advises the use of concrete‐filled steel tube columns as the columns in diagrid structural systems for tall buildings.     

Effect of vertical structural irregularity on seismic design of tall buildings

Many tall buildings are practically irregular as an entirely regular high‐rise building rarely exists. This study is thus devoted to assessing the approach and coefficients used in the seismic design of real‐life tall buildings with different vertical irregularity features. Five 50‐story buildings are selected and designed using finite element models and international building codes to represent the most common vertical irregularities of reinforced concrete tall buildings in regions of medium seismicity. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the seismic response of the five benchmark buildings under the effect of 40 earthquake records representing far‐field and near‐source seismic scenarios. The results obtained from a large number of inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses provide insights into the local and global seismic response of the reference structures and confirm the inferior local response of tall buildings with severe vertical irregularities. Due to the significant impacts of the severe irregularity types on the seismic response of tall buildings, the conservative code approach and coefficients are recommended for design. It is also concluded that although the design coefficients of buildings with moderate irregularities are adequately conservative, they can be revised to arrive at more consistent safety margins and cost‐effective designs.     

矩形高层建筑横风向风振响应简化计算

基于风洞试验数据和随机振动理论,本文提出了矩形高层建筑横风向风振响应简化计算公式,这些简化公式的提出将求高层建筑横风向风振响应的复杂积分变为方便的代数运算。本文应用这些简化公式对大量的矩形高层建筑实例进行了计算、分析。将本文提出的简化公式计算结果与积分计算结果比较,相对误差基本上在5%以内,因此本文提出的公式有较高的精度。用本文简化公式计算得到的高层建筑横风向风振响应与日本建筑荷载规范、加拿大国家建筑规范计算得到的横风向风振响应比较,总体上差异较小。由于本文提出的简化公式所依据的风洞试验模型和数据较为精细,因此本文简化公式有相当高的可靠性与合理性。     

在高层建筑结构设计课程中引入工程哲学思想的探讨

高层建筑涉及诸多的学科和专业领域,具有复杂、跨专业的体系,并具有显著的社会性特征。土木工程本科专业以培养工程技术人才为主要目标,为培养复合型土木工程人才,有必要将工程哲学思想引入高层建筑结构设计课程。将工程系统观、工程社会观和工程伦理观等思想和理念与高层建筑结构设计课程相结合,培养学生以全局、系统的方式和观点思考高层建筑结构设计方法,并在社会层面上处理高层建筑结构设计中的问题。     

Performance‐based wind evaluation and strengthening of existing tall concrete buildings in the Los Angeles region: dampers,nonlinear time history analysis and structural reliability

This paper presents a methodology in wind design including in a scientific way the benefits of using dampers and of performing a nonlinear dynamic analysis of tall concrete buildings that are being evaluated and strengthened. It is developed for tall buildings in the Los Angeles region but is without geographic bounds. The uses of equations of structural reliability form this scientific basis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高层建筑电子机房雷电电磁环境分析

给出了计算雷电电磁场屏蔽效果的计算方法,通过对保定市近年来所建32栋高层建筑雷击电磁场屏蔽效果的计算,发现高层建筑的顶层基本不能做电子机房使用．顶二层只有个别部位能满足规范要求。建议建筑设计部门在高层建筑设计中做必要的计算,以保证电子机房位置设计的合理性。     

高层建筑风激励振动控制Benchmark问题研究

从历届的国际结构控制大会中可以看出,高层建筑风激励振动控制问题一直是结构工程师致力讨论和研究的重点课题.本文通过对风激励高层建筑模型进行自由度缩减和降阶处理,得到大大简化的评估模型.运用不同的控制方法和控制策略对基准问题高层建筑在脉动风荷载作用下的位移、速度和加速度响应量进行分析,提出基于随机分析的均方根响应和基于确定...     

Book reviews

Whilst there have been numerous categorisations of high-rise buildings according to their function, architectural style, height or structural strategy, historically little work has been undertaken to classify them based on factors affecting their energy performance — their shape and form, façade, attitude to natural lighting, ventilation strategies, etc. These factors have been influenced by regulatory changes, developments in technology and materials, changes in architectural thinking and economic and commercial drivers. Developments such as the New York Zoning Law of 1916, the postwar innovations in curtain wall façades and the energy crises of the 1970s have all impacted on the way tall buildings of the time were designed and operated. These events also had a significant impact on the quantity of energy and the way in which it was consumed in tall buildings of the time. This paper examines the history of energy use in tall buildings, from their origins in North America in the late nineteenth century to the present day. In doing so, it categorises tall buildings into five chronological ‘generations’, based on their energy consumption characteristics.     

A new approach for free vibration analysis of nonuniform tall building structures with axial force effects

Dynamic analysis of beam‐like structures is significantly important in modeling actual cases such as tall buildings and several other related applications as well. This article studies free vibration analysis of tall buildings with nonuniform cross‐section structures. A novel and simple approach is presented to solve natural frequencies of free vibration of cantilevered tall structures with variable flexural rigidity and mass densities. These systems could be replaced by a cantilever Timoshenko beam with varying cross‐sections. The governing partial differential equation for vibration of a nonuniform Timoshenko beam under variable axial loads is transformed with varying coefficients to its weak form of integral equations. Natural frequencies can be determined by requiring the resulting integral equation, which has a nontrivial solution. The presented method in this study has fast convergence. Including high accuracy for the obtained numerical results as well. Numerical examples including framed tube as well as tube‐in‐tube structures are carried out in the study and compared with available results in the literature, and also with the results obtained from finite element analysis in order to show the accuracy of the proposed method in the study. Obtained results indicate that the presented method in this study is powerful enough for the free vibration analysis of tall buildings.