脉冲涡流检测提离效应的抑制方法

脉冲涡流检测中由于探头倾斜或被测对象表面不光滑等原因容易产生提离效应,提离效应严重影响着脉冲涡流无损检测的结果。提出了一种基于差分信号二阶微分零时刻值匹配补偿的方法。首先建立相应的提离参考数据库,然后通过索引二阶微分零时刻值匹配提离参考信号,计算补偿比,利用补偿公式对提离效应进行抑制。通过试验发现,经该方法处理后的有提离差分信号能够与无提离的差分信号可以很好的吻合,消除了提离效应对差分信号的影响。试验结果表明了该方法能够对多层金属结构的内部缺陷检测具有较好的提离抑制效果。     

Measurement of lift-off using the relative variation of magnetic flux in pulsed eddy current testing

Measurement of lift-off can be used to assess the thermal insulation thickness and it has the potential to reduce the lift-off effect in pulsed eddy current testing. In this paper, first, the relative variation of magnetic flux is proposed as a feature for the measurement of lift-off. And then, how to directly obtain the key parameters of the feature from the testing signals is provided. At last, the validity of the feature is verified by simulations and experiments, respectively. The results show that the feature is suitable when the lift-off is tens of millimeters and the plate is ferromagnetic.     

飞机多层金属结构脉冲涡流检测提离效应的抑制

探头提离造成的信号畸变是脉冲涡流检测中主要干扰之一。本研究针对飞机多层铆接结构脉冲涡流检测中的提离效应进行抑制,采用一种基于提离数据库的峰值补偿方法对探头提离效应进行了一定程度的抑制。通过线性阵列探头获取提离补偿后的信号峰值,组成幅值矩阵,实现成像检测。对比探头提离的抑制效果,实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地运用于多层金属结构近表面及深层缺陷的提离检测。     

主成分分析在飞机多层结构层间腐蚀脉冲涡流检测中的应用

在飞机多层铆接结构层间腐蚀缺陷的脉冲涡流检测中,需要识别提离效应造成的干扰信号和缺陷信号,同时也需要判断缺陷深度。制作了模拟飞机多层铆接金属结构的试样,对不同深度和大小的腐蚀缺陷进行了检测。采用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)方法对实验数据进行处理,并提取前3个主成分进行分析。结果表明:应用PCA方法,可以将纯提离信号与带层间腐蚀缺陷的信号显著区别开来,可以将不带提离时的纯腐蚀信号的深度识别出;将PCA提取的主成分应用K-means算法进行聚类,可以将纯提离信号与纯腐蚀信号和腐蚀提离混合信号区别开来。而对于带提离的腐蚀,试验发现其PCA分布与不同深度的纯腐蚀出现混淆,因而不能准确识别这两种信号。     

脉冲涡流检测技术的进展

脉冲涡流检测技术主要用于检测亚表面及多层金属结构缺陷。脉冲激励与金属结构缺陷之间发生相互作用,在探头中引起的瞬态响应信号包含大量的缺陷信息,使之具有快速定量检测缺陷的潜力,但也增加了对响应信号解释的难度。评述了脉冲涡流瞬态响应的计算、提离噪声抑制等方面的国内外研究进展,分析了脉冲涡流检测技术的发展方向。     

便携式多功能涡流仪的研制

介绍了集涡流探伤、电导率测量和涂层测厚功能于一体的便携式多功能涡流仪的实现原理。利用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟,得出涡流检测线圈阻抗的变化规律。提出用相位分析法来抑制提离效应,并在此基础上,设计研制了基于AT91RM9200处理器的多功能涡流仪的测量系统。实验结果表明,该系统具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Remote field eddy current technique applied to non-magnetic steam generator tubes

Unlike the impedance plane analysis form of common eddy current testing (ECT), the remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique is a through-transmission effect that reduces problems such as lift-off normally associated with ECT. In the inspection of steam generator (SG) tubes, the real issue is to detect the minute cracks growing up from the outside. However, using ECT, it is considered infeasible to accurately find them from the inside because of the limitations of penetration of eddy currents. This paper describes a finite-element approach to the solution of time-harmonic electromagnetic fields for the RFEC technique based on a magnetic vector potential and an electric scalar potential. A comparison is made of experimental and finite-element predictions of electromagnetic phenomena under the inspection of non-magnetic tubes. For the cracks outside demanding high sensitive and precise measurements in the SG tube inspection, numerical results are given for parameters to design a RFEC probe.     

浅析多频涡流与脉冲涡流检测技术间的关系

对多频涡流与脉冲涡流两种不同的电磁无损检测技术的基本原理分别进行了介绍,进而从脉冲涡流的傅里叶展开式中分析了两者间的关系。指出脉冲涡流检测技术本质上等同于一种衰减型的多频涡流检测技术,而多频涡流可以认为是高频加权的脉冲涡流形式。对这两种涡流检测技术在实际生产中的应用进行了简单介绍。随着涡流检测理论的深入研究,电子技术与计算机技术的迅速发展,多频涡流和脉冲涡流检测技术将成为涡流检测的重要组成部分。     

Electrical conductivity measurement of ferromagnetic metallic materials using pulsed eddy current method

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) method for electrical conductivity measurement of ferromagnetic metallic materials is proposed. Based on time-domain analytical solutions to the PECT model of ferromagnetic plates, the conductivity and permeability are determined via an inverse problem established with the calculated and measured values of induced voltage. PECT method for conductivity measurement is verified by the four-point probe method on three carbon steel plates. In addition, the effects of the amplitude of pulsed excitation current and the lift-off of probe coils on measurement results are studied. PECT is an innovative, non-contacting method with good repeatability for electrical conductivity measurement.     

Lift-off effect in high-frequency eddy current conductivity spectroscopy

Precision eddy current measurements have been shown to be capable of characterizing the near-surface residual stress and cold work profiles in surface-treated components. To capture the peak compressive residual stress in moderately shot-peened (Almen 4–8 A) nickel-base superalloys, the eddy current inspection frequency has to be as high as 50–80 MHz. Unfortunately, spurious self- and stray-capacitance effects render the complex eddy current coil impedance variation with lift-off, the so-called lift-off curve, highly nonlinear, which makes it difficult to achieve accurate eddy current conductivity measurements beyond 25 MHz in the presence of even the slightest lift-off uncertainties. As opposed to the well-known inductive lift-off effect that decreases with increasing probe size, the capacitive lift-off effect increases with probe size. Both effects increase with frequency with the inductive effect being initially stronger, but then taken over at high frequencies by the faster growing capacitive effect. Since the two effects produce opposite curvature in the lift-off curve, in the frequency range where they are approximately equal to the lift-off curve becomes essentially linear and fairly accurate, conductivity measurements can be conducted even in the presence of lift-off variations.     

Transient and harmonic eddy currents: Lift-off point of intersection

It has been previously determined experimentally that the transient responses of pulsed eddy current excitation of a conductive semi-infinite plane pass through a common point, regardless of the lift-off value. The origin of this intersection point is investigated and related to the harmonic components of the Fourier series representation of the pulse. Discrete sinusoidal signals, when individually sent through the same inspection system, also exhibit this common point feature when only the lift-off is varied. Moreover, the transient responses can be reconstructed from the harmonic outputs by using truncated Fourier series.     

基于频谱分析的脉冲涡流检测提离消除技术

脉冲涡流检测中由于探头倾斜等原因容易产生提离效应,严重影响缺陷的定量精度。利用激励脉冲频率成分丰富的特点,提出了一种基于频谱分析的提离效应消除新方法。通过试验发现,经该方法处理后的有提离的原始检测信号在低频部分已基本重合,消除了提离效应对低频的影响,且可通过提取低频特征值对缺陷的深度进行定量。试验结果证明,该方法可以有效地消除提离效应,提高缺陷的定量检测精度。     

基于小波分析的涡流信号去噪处理

涡流检测方法是常规无损检测技术之一。但微小裂缝、穿孔引起的涡流检测信号很微弱，客易被各种噪声湮没，分辨起来较困难。用小波分析方法对涡流信号进行处理，能分辨出较微弱的缺陷信号，得到比较满意的结果。     

Thickness measurement of non-magnetic plates using multi-frequency eddy current sensors

A robust feature in multi-frequency eddy current (MEC) testing has been found that can be directly linked to the thickness of the plate under test. It is shown mathematically that the peak frequency of the imaginary part of the inductance change when an air-cored coil is placed next to a non-magnetic metallic plate is inversely proportional to the thickness of the plate for a given material. Experimental results indicate that this relationship also holds for a ferrite-cored U-shaped coil. In addition, this peak frequency has been shown to be relatively independent of lift-off variations. Use of this new feature provides a fast and accurate method to gauge the thickness of plates. Measurements made for a sample air-cored and ferrite U-cored coil next to copper and aluminium plates of various thicknesses verified the proposed method.     

发电机风扇叶片的柔性阵列涡流检测

以火电机组发电机风扇叶片为对象进行阵列涡流试验,通过研究检测频率、提离效应、扫查方向等变量对检测信号的影响,寻找合适的检测工艺,以替代传统的渗透检测。试验结果表明:火电机组发电机风扇叶片有效检测频率为300kHz^1 400kHz,与计算值吻合;风扇叶片上提离效应导致的信号降低可以通过增加增益补偿来解决;扫查方向对缺陷信号强度基本无影响。最后对发电机风扇叶片的阵列涡流现场检测应用提出了建议。     

钢管涡流探伤中缺陷信号的相位分辨

钢管在涡流探伤中,过饱和磁化时会出现内外壁缺陷信号相位无法分辨的问题。理论分析及试验表明,钢管涡流探伤存在涡流效应及漏磁效应两种机理,钢管过饱和磁化时由于漏磁效应强于涡流效应,使得缺陷信号相位无法分辨。为使内外壁缺陷信号的相位正常区分,应控制钢管磁化至饱和磁化强度的60%~70%。     

列管式反应器的涡流检测

列管式反应器的泄漏将严重影响化工生产。采用双频涡流方法检测其列管及管板，介绍了检测传感器的设计和制作，分析和研究了缺陷和涡流信号响应特征之问的关系。对比分析了表面凹坑、夹渣及裂纹等缺陷的阻抗图特征。验证了根据阻抗图幅度和相位分析判定缺陷技术的优点。实践表明，涡流检测速度快、灵敏度高且测试结果准确。     

涡流检测信号处理技术

涡流检测线圈输出信号十分复杂,对该信号进行准确的分析处理是获得高精度和高可靠性检测结果的基础。介绍了涡流检测信号分析处理的几种新技术,包括小波除噪技术、神经网络技术、信息融合技术、电磁场仿真技术、DSP技术和网络分析处理系统等。通过分析各种新技术的应用状况及发展潜力,指出了将这些技术综合运用并与专家系统相结合实现智能检测是未来的发展趋势。     

带保温层管道腐蚀缺陷的脉冲涡流检测技术仿真

脉冲涡流检测技术是近几年发展起来的一种新型无损检测技术,可以应用于金属管道和金属板的内腐蚀检测。以低碳无缝钢管的内壁腐蚀作为检测对象,建立了针对脉冲涡流检测的ANSYS有限元仿真模型,分析了磁场仿真的理论基础,列出了仿真分析的具体步骤。为ANSYS有限元仿真软件在脉冲涡流检测中的应用提供了参考,为脉冲涡流检测设备的研制提供了依据。     

圆柱导体的双参数差动式涡流检测技术的研究

由于圆柱导体双参数绝对式涡流传感器对微变信号测量的分辨率比较低,因此提出了一种能够与之相互补充的差动式双参数测量理论.根据欧姆定律、圆柱形导体磁场渗透公式,引用通用函数建立了数学模型,并且设计了相应的差动式涡流传感器及其检测方法,通过实验数据验证了理论的有效性.