SOME EFFECTS OF CLINICIAN AND PATIENT PERSONALITY ON DECISION MAKING IN A CLINICAL SETTING.

CONDUCTED A FOLLOW-UP STUDY TO RECENT FINDINGS OF GORDON WHICH SHOWED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS BASED ON PARTIAL RORSCHACH PROTOCOLS WERE RELATED TO THE PERSONALITY DIMENSION OF ANALITY IN THE CLINICIANS. 44 PRACTICING CLINICIANS WERE ASKED TO RESPOND TO A 3-PAGE DOCUMENT WHICH THEY WERE TOLD WAS A PARTIAL TRANSCRIPT OF AN INITIAL INTERVIEW WITH A PATIENT. THE RESULTS CONFIRMED THE EARLIER FINDINGS THAT HIGH-ANAL CLINICIANS HAVE LESS CONFIDENCE IN THEIR INTERPRETATIONS, MAKE FEWER SPECIFIC PREDICTIONS, AND IDENTIFY LESS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS THAN LOW-ANAL CLINICIANS. ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE IS GIVEN THAT THE PERSONALITY OF THE CLINICIAN INFLUENCES HIS CLINICAL DECISIONS. OTHER HYPOTHESES RELATED TO INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PERSONALITY OF THE PATIENT AS PRESENTED IN THE CLINICAL DATA AND THE PERSONALITY OF THE CLINICIAN WERE NOT CONFIRMED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

GENESIS OF POPULAR BUT ERRONEOUS PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATIONS.

REPORTS 6 STUDIES USING LABORATORY REPLICAS OF THE SITUATION IN WHICH A BEGINNING CLINICIAN OBSERVES THE DIAGNOSTIC TEST PROTOCOLS OF PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS SYMPTOMS IN ORDER TO DISCOVER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TEST PERFORMANCE THAT DISTINGUISH PATIENTS WITH EACH SYMPTOM. NAIVE UNDERGRADUATES VIEWED A SERIES OF 45 DRAW-A-PERSON TEST DRAWINGS RANDOMLY PAIRED WITH CONTRIVED SYMPTOM STATEMENTS ABOUT THE PATIENTS WHO DREW THEM. SS "REDISCOVERED" THE SAME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DRAWING CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMPTOMS AS CLINICIANS REPORT OBSERVING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, ALTHOUGH THESE RELATIONSHIPS WERE ABSENT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS. THE REPORTED RELATIONSHIPS CORRESPONDED TO RATED ASSOCIATIVE STRENGTH BETWEEN SYMPTOM AND DRAWING CHARACTERISTIC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF SPEECH.

STUDIED 48 UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VERBAL ASSOCIATIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND AUDIENCE SENSITIVITY TEST SCORES. SS DEFINED ABSTRACT AND CONCRETE NOUNS BEFORE AN AUDIENCE OR IN THE PRESENCE OF E ALONE. DEFINITIONS WERE SCORED FOR EXTRALINGUISTIC AND STYLE FEATURES OF SPEECH. THE DESIGN WAS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND STIMULUS CONCRETENESS ARE MEDIATED BY COGNITIVE PROCESSES, WHEREAS EFFECTS OF AUDIENCE SENSITIVITY AND AUDIENCE CONDITIONS ARE MEDIATED BY EMOTIONAL STATES. LATENCY OF DEFINITIONS, WORD PRODUCTION, AND FILLED PAUSES ("AHS") WERE RELATED ONLY TO THE 2 COGNITIVE FACTORS. A SIGNIFICANT INTERACTION REVEALED THAT IN THE AUDIENCE SITUATION HIGHLY AUDIENCE-SENSITIVE SS HAD THE HIGHEST SILENT-PAUSE RATIO, SUGGESTING THAT THIS VARIABLE WAS MOST AFFECTED BY EMOTIONAL AROUSAL. FREQUENCY OF SILENT PAUSES, WORD LENGTH, RATIO OF CONCRETE TO ABSTRACT NOUNS IN THE DEFINITIONS, AND EVALUATIVE RATINGS OF THE DEFINITIONS WERE RELATED TO BOTH CLASSES OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (33 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ACCURACY VERSUS VALIDITY IN PERSON PERCEPTION.

24 UNDERGRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS WERE ASKED TO PREDICT EVENTS FROM 3 DIFFERENT CASE HISTORIES AND THEN TO WRITE PERSONALITY CONCEPTUALIZATIONS FOR THE 3 CASES. THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE CONCEPTUALIZATIONS WAS MEASURED BY HAVING NEW JUDGES READ THEM AND MAKE A NEW SERIES OF PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE SAME CASES. THE ACCURACY OF THE ORIGINAL JUDGES IN MAKING THEIR PREDICTIONS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THEIR CONCEPTUALIZATIONS; I.E., THE MOST ACCURATE PREDICTORS TENDED TO WRITE THE LEAST VALID CONCEPTUALIZATIONS. THERE WERE INDICATIONS THAT THE ACCURATE PREDICTORS ADOPTED AN EMPATHIC APPROACH TO THE CASE MATERIAL, WHILE VALID CONCEPTUALIZERS WERE MORE ANALYTIC AND EVALUATIVE IN APPROACH. SLIGHT EVIDENCE WAS PRESENTED TO THE EFFECT THAT TRAINING IN PSYCHOLOGY WAS NEGATIVELY RELATED TO ACCURACY, BUT POSITIVELY RELATED TO VALIDITY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF TOLERANCE FOR UNREALISTIC EXPERIENCES.

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONALITY FACTORS TO TOLERANCE FOR UNREALISTIC EXPERIENCES (TUE), I.E., A PERSON'S CAPACITY TO PERCEIVE IN WAYS WHICH CONTRADICT USUAL MODES OF PERCEPTION, IN 20 GRADUATE STUDENTS. PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY SUGGESTED THAT ABILITY TO ENGAGE IN BOTH UNREALISTIC AND DRIVE-RELATED THINKING THAT WAS INTEGRATED WITH MORE REALISTIC, NEUTRAL, SOCIALIZED THOUGHT SHOULD RELATE POSITIVELY TO TUE. AMOUNT AND INTEGRATION OF UNREALISTIC AND DRIVE-RELATED THOUGHT WERE MEASURED BY THE HOLT PRIMARY-SECONDARY PROCESS SCORING OF THE RORSCHACH TEST, ON A WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST, AND ON AN ART-PREFERENCE TEST. RESULTS INDICATE THAT TUE RELATED TO THE CAPACITY TO ENGAGE IN BOTH INTEGRATED UNREALISTIC AND IN INTEGRATED DRIVE-RELATED THOUGHT. THESE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THEIR RELEVANCE FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONALITY FACTORS INVOLVED IN RIGIDITY AND IN CREATIVITY. (25 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN AS VIEWED BY TEACHERS AND THE CHILDREN THEMSELVES.

THE 50 BEHAVIORS ORIGINALLY USED BY WICKMAN ON ADULTS WERE RATED ON A 4-POINT SCALE OF SERIOUSNESS BY 455 BOYS AND 456 GIRLS IN GRADES 7-12. BY SEX AND GRADE LEVEL, THE FREQUENCIES IN EACH CELL WERE COMPARED BY CHI-SQUARE TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE TO FREQUENCIES SIMILARLY GENERATED BY THEIR TEACHERS. CONSIDERING THE 20 BEHAVIORS RATED MOST AND LEAST SERIOUS BY THE STUDENTS, DISAGREEMENT WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS, AMONG GRADES, AND BETWEEN STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. SOME OF THE BEHAVIORS GAVE RISE TO MORE DISAGREEMENTS THAN OTHERS. THE RELATIVE ORDERS OF THE BEHAVIORS AS RANKED BY STUDENTS AND TEACHERS WERE COMPARED TO THE ORDER ESTABLISHED BY WICKMAN'S ORIGINAL TEACHER GROUP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THE CHICAGO CONFERENCE ON CLINICAL TRAINING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AT TEACHERS COLLEGE.

RESOLUTIONS OF THE CHICAGO CONFERENCE ON THE PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS WERE RESPONSES TO NUMEROUS SOURCES OF STRAIN WITHIN THE PROFESSION. THE VIABILITY OF THOSE RESOLUTIONS REQUIRES EMPIRICAL TESTING, AND AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO ILLUSTRATE HOW ISSUES RAISED BY THE CONFERENCE HAVE BEEN DEALT WITH IN 1 DEPARTMENT. EXPERIENCE SUGGESTS THAT A GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IS A FERTILE SETTING FOR IMPLEMENTING MANY OF THE RESOLUTIONS, BUT THAT THERE ARE DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED AS WELL. FURTHER PROPOSALS ARE SUGGESTED AS MEANS FOR RAISING THE PROBABILITY OF SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONFERENCE GUIDELINES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES TO ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL.

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES TO ASSESSMENT-CENTER STAFF EVALUATIONS AND THE RELATIONSHIPS OF PROJECTIVE VARIABLES TO PROGRESS IN MANAGEMENT ARE PRESENTED. THE PROJECTIVE DATA WERE OBTAINED BY CODING REPORTS WRITTEN BY A CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST FROM 3 PROJECTIVE INSTRUMENTS. ANALYSES OF THE DATA SHOW THAT THE PROJECTIVE REPORTS PARTICULARLY INFLUENCED THE ASSESSMENT STAFF IN RATING SUCH CHARACTERISTICS AS WORK MOTIVATION, PASSIVITY, AND DEPENDENCY. IN ADDITION, SEVERAL OF THE PROJECTIVE VARIABLES ARE RELIABLY RELATED TO PROGRESS IN MANAGEMENT, ESPECIALLY THOSE PERTAINING TO LEADERSHIP AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION. THE FINDINGS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT RELEVANT INFORMATION ON MANAGERIAL MOTIVATION WAS OBTAINED FROM THE PROJECTIVE REPORTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

OBJECTIONS TO MMPI ITEMS.

THIS STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH OBJECTIONS MADE BY COLLEGE STUDENTS TO MMPI QUESTIONS IN 2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. IN THE "GENERAL" CONDITION, 68 SS WERE ASKED TO TAKE THE MMPI BUT TO OMIT ALL ITEMS THAT THEY WOULD CONSIDER OBJECTIONABLE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES. IN THE "SELECTION" CONDITION, 69 SS WERE INSTRUCTED TO OMIT QUESTIONS THEY WOULD FIND OBJECTIONABLE IN A JOB-SELECTION SITUATION. THE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS WAS CONCERNED WITH INDIVIDUAL REACTIONS, WITH DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE 2 CONDITIONS, WITH DETERMINING WHICH TYPES OF ITEM CONTENT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH OR LOW PERCENTAGE OF OBJECTIONS, AND WITH THE IMPLICATIONS OF REMOVING ITEMS WITH HIGH OBJECTION RATES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CAPACITY FOR SELF-DIRECTION.

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SELF-DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS 13 OF WHOM WERE SUBSEQUENTLY SUCCESSFUL AND 11 UNSUCCESSFUL SS IN ATTAINING SELF-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR-CHANGE GOALS REVEALED: (1) HIGH-CHANGE SS MORE FREQUENTLY STATED GOALS, WITH IMPLICIT RECOGNITION THAT THE GOAL HAD NOT YET BEEN ATTAINED; (2) LOW-CHANGE SS MORE FREQUENTLY DESCRIBED THEMSELVES WITH LITTLE RECOGNITION OF ALTERNATIVE POSSIBILITIES, AND (3) LOW-CHANGE SS SHOWED MORE TENTATIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THEMSELVES (IDENTITY DIFFUSION). THE FINDINGS WERE CROSS-VALIDATED IN A 2ND SAMPLE OF 9 SUCCESSFUL AND 22 UNSUCCESSFUL SS. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SUCCESSFUL SELF-DIRECTED CHANGE IS MOTIVATED BY AWARENESS OF THE COGNITIVE DISSONANCE CREATED WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL COMMITS HIMSELF TO A VALUED GOAL THAT HE SEES AS DIFFERENT FROM HIS PRESENT BEHAVIOR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EXAMINER EXPECTANCY: EFFECTS ON RORSCHACH EXPERIENCE BALANCE.

5GRADUATE STUDENTS TRAINED IN CLINICAL AND COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY WERE LED TO EXPECT EITHER MOVEMENT- OR COLOR-DOMINATED MOVEMENT TO COLOR RATIOS (M:SUM C) FROM EACH OF THE 6 SS THEY TESTED. EXPECTANCIES WERE INDUCED BY FICTITIOUS PERSONALITY DESCRIPTIONS. ES IN GENERAL INTERPRETED THESE REPORTS CORRECTLY (P     

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT MODES OF ADMINISTRATION ON THE BENDER VISUAL MOTOR GESTALT TEST.

EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF 4 MODES OF BENDER ADMINISTRATION, VARYING IN THE DEGREE OF STRUCTURE, UPON 8 VARIABLES HYPOTHESIZED TO BE AFFECTED BY THEM AND 4 CONTROL VARIABLES HYPOTHESIZED TO REMAIN UNAFFECTED. THE VARYING DEGREES OF STRUCTURE WERE PROVIDED BY EXTERNALLY INDUCED "SPECIFICITY" OR "POSITIONAL" CUES. WHILE THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE CONTROL VARIABLES, 4 OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL VARIABLES-SEQUENCE, NUMBER OF PAGES USED, TOTAL AREA ENCOMPASSED BY THE FIGURES THEMSELVES, AND MEAN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SPACE BETWEEN FIGURES-WERE SIGNFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE MODE OF ADMINISTRATION. RESULTS SHOW THAT SOME VARIABLES TO WHICH CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HAS BEEN ATTACHED CAN BE AFFECTED BY PROCESSES WHICH STEM FROM EXTERNALLY INDUCED CUES AND THE VARYING EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE CAN BE USED TO THE ADVANTAGE OF THE CLINICIAN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THREE MODELS OF CLINICAL JUDGMENT.

3 SIMULATION MODELS WERE APPLIED TO CLINICAL JUDGMENTS OF "PSYCHOTIC" VS. "NEUROTIC" FOR 29 JUDGES ACROSS 7 SAMPLES OF MMPI PROFILES. A CROSS-VALIDATED MULTIPLE CORRELATION WAS USED AS A GOODNESS-OF-FIT MEASURE FOR THE 3 JUDGMENT MODELS. ON THIS BASIS, EACH OF THE 29 CLINICAL JUDGES WAS CHARACTERIZED AS BEING EITHER "LINEAR" OR "CONFIGURAL" IN HIS UTILIZATION OF MMPI TEST DATA, WHERE CONFIGURALITY WAS OPERATIONALLY DEFINED BY THE FIT OF THE DATA TO A MODEL EMPLOYING CONFIGURAL, OR PATTERNED, VARIABLES. IT WAS SHOWN THAT CONFIGURALITY WAS A CONSISTENT JUDGMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC DISTINGUISHING 16 OF THE JUDGES, BUT THIS CHARACTERISTIC WAS UNRELATED TO BOTH ACCURACY AND AMOUNT OF CLINICAL TRAINING. ALSO, JUDGES, AS A GROUP, TENDED TO CHANGE THEIR MANNER OF JUDGMENT WITH CHANGES IN SAMPLES OF MMPI PROFILES. (15 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

HUMAN FIGURE DRAWINGS: THEIR UTILITY IN THE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST'S ARMAMENTARIUM FOR PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT.

REVIEWS 18 YEARS (1949-1967) OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ON THE DRAW-A-PERSON TEST AND DISCUSSES THE VALUE OF FIGURE DRAWINGS IN THE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST'S ARMAMENTARIUM. THE STUDIES CITED GENERALLY FAILED TO SUPPORT MACHOVER'S HYPOTHESES, BUT REVEALED A PAUCITY OF WELL-DESIGNED INVESTIGATIONS INDICATING THAT THIS TEST SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM THE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST'S TEST BATTERY. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT THERE IS A GREAT NEED FOR STANDARDIZED AND VALIDATED SCALES FOR ESTIMATING PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT FROM FIGURE DRAWINGS. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BODY BOUNDARY, PARENTAL ATTITUDES, AND INTERNAL-EXTERNAL EXPECTANCY.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT A HIGH BARRIER SCORE WOULD BE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH AN EXPECTANCY OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENT AND THAT ADVERSE PARENTAL ATTITUDES, AS PERCEIVED BY CHILDREN, WOULD BE CORRELATED WITH AN EXTERNAL EXPECTANCY OF CONTROL. THE INTERNAL-EXTERNAL SCALE, RORSCHACH, PARENTAL ATTITUDE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (PARI), AND MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE WERE ADMINISTERED TO 68 COLLEGE STUDENTS. IT WAS CONFIRMED THAT THE AUTHORITARIAN CONTROL AND HOSTILITY-REJECTION FACTORS ON THE PARI WERE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO EXTERNAL EXPECTANCIES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SURVEY OF STUDENT THERAPISTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC REPORTS.

PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE GIVEN TO 25 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS CONCERNING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST REPORTS SUBMITTED ON PATIENTS UNDER THEIR CARE. RATINGS OF VALUE OF SPECIFIC REPORTS APPEARED TO BE A FUNCTION OF GENERAL ATTITUDES TO DIAGNOSTICS, AND WERE IN GENERAL SO LOW, THAT THE UTILITY OF SUCH TESTING IS QUESTIONED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI STUDY OF NEGRO MENTAL HYGIENE CLINIC PATIENTS.

COMPARED MMPI DATA FOR 100 NEGRO AND 100 WHITE PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HYGIENE CLINIC. THE 2 GROUPS WERE SIMILAR IN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, BUT THE NEGROES WERE AT A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL. THE MEAN PROFILES FOR THE 2 GROUPS WERE SIMILAR. ORDERING THE MMPIS BY THE HIGHEST AND 2 HIGHEST CLINICAL SCALE SCORES SHOWED DIFFERENCES ON FEMININE INTERESTS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA (SC) AS THE HIGHEST SCORES, AND ON HYPOCHONDRIASIS (HS)-SC, SC-HS, DEPRESSION (D)-PSYCHASTHENIA (PT), AND PT-D FOR THE 2 HIGHEST SCORES. THE CONCLUSIONS ARE THAT THE NEGROES TEND TO BE MORE CONFORMING TO MIDDLE-CLASS STANDARDS, MORE DENYING OF ANXIETY AND SENSITIVITY, AND MORE FOCUSED ON PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS THAN THE WHITES. IT ALSO APPEARED THAT ANXIETY AND HOSTILITY WERE MORE FREQUENTLY DENIED AND PROJECTED ONTO IMPERSONAL AND DISTANT OBJECTS BY THE NEGROES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

WAIS DIGIT SPAN, DIGIT SYMBOL, AND VOCABULARY PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF PRIOR EXPERIENCES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE.

RELATIVELY IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE ON THE WAIS DIGIT SPAN SUBTEST IS FREQUENTLY INTERPRETED AS REFLECTING ANXIETY. RECENT RESEARCH HAS ALSO INDICATED THAT INTELLIGENCE TEST PERFORMANCE MAY BE INFLUENCED BY CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE TESTING SITUATION AND RELATIONSHIP. IT WAS THEREFORE THOUGHT THAT THE CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF DIGIT SPAN WOULD BE ENHANCED BY AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF NATURAL EVALUATIVE EXPERIENCES INHERENT IN THE CONVENTIONAL TESTING SITUATION. A STUDY ASSESSED THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PRIOR EXPERIENCES OF SUCCESS VS. FAILURE ON THE SUBSEQUENTLY ADMINISTERED DIGIT SPAN, DIGIT SYMBOL, AND VOCABULARY SUBTESTS. FAILURE EXPERIENCE LED TO AN ELEVATION IN SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE ON BOTH DIGIT SPAN AND DIGIT SYMBOL COMPARED TO THE EFFECT OF SUCCESS, WHILE VOCABULARY APPEARED TO BE UNAFFECTED. SS WERE 43 FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES. (24 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF CONTROL PLACEMENT ON INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE USING BISENSORY SIGNALS.

DESIGNED A 2 * 2 * 4 FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT WHICH VARIOUS DISPLAY-CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS HAD UPON THE RATE AT WHICH 64 STUDENTS COULD TRANSMIT INFORMATION FROM A BISENSORY DISPLAY. SS WERE REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO A VISUAL SIGNAL SIMULTANEOUSLY PRESENTED WITH AN AUDITORY SIGNAL OF EQUAL UNCERTAINTY. RESPONSES WERE MADE BY DEPRESSING PUSH BUTTONS. THE RESPONSE-CODE VARIABLES EXAMINED WERE (1) THE CODE CARRIED BY EACH OF THE OPERATING LIMBS, (2) THE CODE CARRIED BY THE OPERATING DIGITS OF EACH HAND, AND (3) THE DEGREE OF SEPARATION BETWEEN THE BUTTON PAIRS. THE ONLY VARIABLE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTING INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE WAS FOUND TO BE THE 1ST CODE, ALTHOUGH THE OTHER 2 VARIABLES COMBINED WITH IT TO PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS. RESULTS SUPPORT THE CONTENTION THAT THE SS STIMULUS-RESPONSE EXPECTANCIES DETERMINE PERFORMANCE. THE FLEXIBILITY OF THE HUMAN COMPONENT IN MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS IS ALSO ILLUSTRATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CONTEXT CUES AS MEDIATORS: I. THREE-STAGE PARADIGMS.

TESTED THE EFFECT OF COLOR AS A MEDIATOR IN PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING IN 4 EXPERIMENTS WITH 120 STUDENTS UTILIZING STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE, RESPONSE EQUIVALENCE, AND CHAINING PARADIGMS. A COLOR WAS PRESENTED ADJACENT TO 2 DIFFERENT ITEMS IN THE LEARNING OF LIST 1. BY EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. ITEMS COUPLED WITH THE SAME COLOR WERE PAIRED IN LIST 2. THE DIFFERENCE IN LEARNING SCORES ON LIST 2 BETWEEN THE MEDIATION PAIRS AND NEW OR CONTROL PAIRS GENERALLY INDICATED THAT MEDIATION EFFECTS OCCURRED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS AS COMPARED TO 2 CONTROL GROUPS. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)