EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTIONS, ELICITATIONS, AND REINFORCEMENTS IN THE MANIPULATION OF AFFECTIVE VERBAL BEHAVIOR.

BANDURA HAS SUGGESTED THAT SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS TO EMIT A VERBAL OPERANT WOULD BE SUPERIOR TO THE USUAL REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY PROCEDURE IN INCREASING VERBAL RESPONSE RATE. THE RESULTS FOR 56 FEMALE AND 14 MALE UNDERGRADUATES INDICATE THAT THE INSTRUCTION GROUPS OF SS ACHIEVED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES FOR BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL WORDS THAN THE REINFORCEMENT GROUPS SUPPORTING BANDURA'S PREDICTION. THE ELICITATION GROUP ALSO EXCEEDED THE REINFORCEMENT GROUP IN THE EMISSION OF NEGATIVE AFFECT WORDS. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT VERBAL BEHAVIOR CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY MANIPULATED BY PROCEDURES OTHER THAN THE USUAL VERBAL CONDITIONING METHODS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VERBAL REINFORCEMENT IN PSYCHOTHERAPY.

IN CONTRAST TO AN EARLIER STUDY OF NONDIRECTIVE THERAPY BY MURRAY, D. L. VARBLE (SEE 42:9), PRESENTS A STUDY IN WHICH VERBAL REINFORCEMENT DOES NOT RESULT IN AN INCREASE IN HOSTILITY OVER THE COURSE OF PSYCHOTHERAPY. HOWEVER, THE THERAPISTS IN VARBLE'S STUDY WERE INCONSISTENT IN THIS REINFORCEMENT, APPROACHING HOSTILITY ABOUT 50% OF THE TIME AND AVOIDING IT ABOUT 50% OF THE TIME. THEY WERE ALSO MORE DISAPPROVING THAN APPROVING OF HOSTILITY. THUS, WHILE THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONCEPT OF REINFORCEMENT, VARBLE'S DATA DO NOT PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE TEST OF THE REINFORCEMENT HYPOTHESIS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF VERBAL MEDIATORS ON A NONVISUAL FORMBOARD TASK.

STUDIES OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-DAMAGED SS ON FORMBOARD TASKS HAVE INDICATED THAT THE TEST IS SENSITIVE TO BRAIN LESIONS. THE TEST IS KNOWN TO REQUIRE TACTUAL, KINESTHETIC, AND SPATIAL ABILITIES, BUT THE INFLUENCE OF VERBAL MEDIATORS HAS NOT BEEN THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED. THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE INFLUENCE OF LABELING THE BLOCKS USE IN A FORMBOARD TASK ON SPEED OF PERFORMANCE. 20 FRESHMEN PERFORMED ON FORMBOARDS WHICH CONTAINED FAMILIAR AND UNFAMILIAR SHAPED BLOCKS IN A COUNTERBALANCED DESIGN, WITH AND WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF LABELS FOR THE BLOCKS. THE LEARNING OF NAMES FOR THE UNFAMILIAR BLOCKS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED THE SPEED OF PERFORMANCE. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESULTS FOR THE USE OF VERBAL MEDIATORS ON FORMBOARD TASKS ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTIVENESS OF ADULT AND PEER REINFORCEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NONINSTITUTIONALIZED RETARDATES.

20 INSTITUTIONALIZED AND 20 NONINSTITUTIONALIZED FAMILIAL RETARDATES OF COMPARABLE MA AND CA (13 YR.) WERE SOCIALLY REINFORCED BY EITHER A PEER OR AN ADULT ON A SIMPLE 2-PART SATIATION TASK. ADULT REINFORCEMENT WAS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN PEER REINFORCEMENT FOR THE INSTITUTIONALIZED SS AND VICE VERSA FOR THE NONINSTITUTIONALIZED. THE GENERALITY OF THE FREQUENTLY NOTED WARINESS OR FEARFULNESS OF SS WAS ALSO EXAMINED. INSTITUTIONALIZED SS WERE MORE WARY THAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED SS IN BOTH CONDITIONS. FINDINGS ARE INTERPRETED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PARTICULAR LIFE HISTORIES OF INSTITUTIONALIZED AND NONINSTITUTIONALIZED RETARDATES. (23 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF PARTICLE SIZE ON THE SINTERING KINETICS IN TUNGSTEN POWDER

Abstract

An experimental study has been made of the effects of initial particle size on sintering kinetics in tungsten powder within the temperature range 1100–1500°C. Particle size, compacting pressure, sintering time and temperature all influence the rate of sintering. Isothermal changes in density and volume have been measured. The results indicate grain-boundary diffusion as the mechanism principally responsible for material transport in the case of particle sizes <4 μ Surface diffusion appears to bethe mechanism of material transport in compacts with particle sizes of 14– 16 μ The temperature-dependence of the rate of sintering is characterized by activation energies of 101± 2 and 72± 2 kcal/mole for fine particles (< 4 μ) and coarse particles (14–16 μ), respectively.     

EFFECTS OF MATRIX MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON STRUCTURE AND REINFORCEMENT OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENEfMICA COMPOSITES

Three types of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with different molecular weights (high,medium and low) were adopted to evaluate the influence of matrix molecular weight on the structure-propcrty relation of injection-molded HDPE/mica composites through a combination of SEM,2d-WAXS,DSC,DMA and tensile testing. Various structural factors including orientation,filler dispersion,interfacial interaction between HDPE and mica,etc.,which can impact the macroscopic mechanics,were compared in detail among the three HDPE/mica composites. The transcrystallization of HDPE on the mica surface was observed and it exhibited strong matrix molecular weight dependence. Obvious transcrystalline structure was found in the composite with low molecular weight HDPE,whereas it was hard to be detected in the composites with increased HDPE molecular weight. The best reinforcement effect in the composite with low molecular weight HDPE can be understood as mainly due to substantially improved interfacial adhesion between matrix and mica filler,which arises from the transcrystallization mechanism.     

EFFECTS OF AGE AND INTELLIGENCE ON THE OPERATION OF SUPPRESSION.

GRADE SCHOOL SS AT 3 AGE LEVELS (M = 8, 91/2, AND 111/2) WERE GIVEN A TAT-LIKE PICTURE WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF PROMINENT STIMULUS OBJECTS AND ASKED TO TELL STORIES WHICH EXCLUDED 1 OF THE STIMULI. RESPONSES WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESS USED IN SUPPRESSING THE FORBIDDEN STIMULUS. INTELLIGENCE, MEASURED BY SCORES ON FIGURE DRAWINGS, WAS UNCORRELATED WITH ABILITY TO SUPPRESS. DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES, HOWEVER, WERE APPARENT. SEVERAL OF THE YOUNGER SS WERE UNABLE TO COMPLY WITH THE TASK AT ALL, AND GENERALLY USED MORE PRIMITIVE SUPPRESSIVE METHODS THAN OLDER SS. IN ADDITION, THE NUMBER AND REFINEMENT OF SUPPRESSIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY ALL GRADE SCHOOL SS WERE MORE LIMITED THAN THOSE USED BY OLDER SS PREVIOUSLY STUDIED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ANXIETY AND THE CONDITIONING OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR: A REPLICATION.

REPLICATED C. TAFFEL'S (SEE 31:2) INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY AND OPERANT VERBAL CONDITIONING. 81 NEUROTIC AND PSYCHOTIC HOSPITALIZED MALES WERE ASSIGNED TO 1 OF 3 REINFORCEMENT GROUPS (LIGHT, VERBAL, AND CONTROL) AND WERE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO HIGH, MEDIUM, AND LOW ANXIETY CATEGORIES ON THE BASIS OF MA SCALE SCORES. THE SENTENCE-COMPLETION PARADIGM WAS USED TO INDUCE CONDITIONING. RESULTS INDICATE THAT BOTH VERBAL AND LIGHT REINFORCEMENT GROUPS CONDITIONED WHILE ONLY SS WITH LOW ANXIETY DEMONSTRATED THE CONDITIONING EFFECT. FINDINGS CONTRADICTED THOSE OF TAFFEL, AND SOME OF THE POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE DISCUSSED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MODERATING EFFECTS OF INTELLIGENCE ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF EXTRAVERSION AND NEUROTICISM.

ATTEMPTED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMATICALLY MODERATED THE RELATIONSHIP OF EXTRAVERSION (E) AND NEUROTICISM (N). FROM 215 MALE SS, 5 GROUPS OF 43 SS EACH WERE RANKED FROM HIGH TO LOW ON THE BASIS OF INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES, AND WITHIN EACH GROUP E AND N MEASURES WERE CORRELATED. NO PATTERN OF CORRELATIONS EMERGED THAT INDICATED ANY MODERATING EFFECT OF INTELLIGENCE. AS EXPECTED, MOST OF THE CORRELATIONS WERE IN THE NEGATIVE DIRECTION AND INSIGNIFICANT. DATA WERE DISCUSSED IN REGARD TO THE SEARCH FOR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITIVE VARIABLES AND PERSONALITY/MOTIVATIONAL VARIABLES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

纳米氧化铈颗粒的粒度分析研究

针对自制的纳米CeO2进行了一系列粒度分析研究,包括XRD、SEM、TEM、动态光散射法、比表面分析法、X射线衍射法和X射线小角度散射法(SAXS).不同的研究手段得到的纳米CeO2的粒径不尽相同,并阐述了各种研究手段的优缺点及适用范围.     

钨粉粒度和烧结工艺对高比重钨合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

论文研究了由两种不同粒度W粉,分别在1 530℃、1 570℃烧结,烧结时间分别为0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h制成的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高比重合金.探讨了该合金液相烧结"溶解、析出"的体积扩散基本过程.实验结果表明:细颗粒W粉组成的合金烧结时W晶粒长大速率大于粗颗粒W粉组成的合金长大速率,随着烧结时间延长,W晶粒不断长大,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率也相应提高,但W晶粒过大,抗拉强度将会降低.     

机械合金化工艺对高硅铝合金混合粉体粒径及形貌的影响

通过单因素和正交实验系统地研究在机械合金化过程中研磨体、研磨介质及球磨工艺参数等因素对高硅铝合金混合粉末粒径及形貌的影响作用.结果表明:球磨转速对机械合金化后粉末粒径有显著影响,且随着球磨转速的增加,粉末的中粒径逐渐增大和粒度的分布范围逐渐变宽、均匀性越差;在本实验条件下,采用聚氨酯球为研磨体、酒精为研磨介质、球磨时间12 h、球磨转速150 r/min、球料比15∶1条件下进行机械合金化可获得中粒径为5.78 μm且分布均匀的高硅铝合金混合粉体.     

氧化铬粒度对金属铬的影响

简要介绍了金属铬的生产工艺和生产原料氧化铬,根据金属铬的反应状态和最终产品质量,阐述了氧化铬粒度对金属铬质量的影响,造成氧化铬粒度偏粗和偏细的原因,以及如何降低粒度偏粗或偏细氧化铬对金属铬造成的影响。     

铁矿粉粒度组成对混匀料制粒效果的分析与探讨

通过对多种铁矿粉粒度组成进行测定,归纳总结了邯钢烧结常用铁矿粉粒度分布规律,并在此基础上通过大量试验,对混匀料制粒前后粒度组成的变化规律进行了分析和探讨;结果认为:烧结中可将核粉比作为结构优化的参数加以应用.     

钼粉粒度和松装密度对钼条加工性能的影响

阐述了钼粉粒度和松装密度对拉丝用钼条质量的影响 ,提出了钼粉松装密度的控制应和粒度控制并重的观点     

CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF VERBAL ASSOCIATIONS.

STUDIES OF CONTEXTUAL EFFECTS ON RESPONSES OBTAINED TO STIMULI IN WORD ASSOCIATION TESTS ARE REVIEWED UNDER THE HEADINGS DIRECT PRIMING, INDIRECT PRIMING, AND STIMULUS COMPOUNDING, WITH ATTENTION TO BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE RESULTS, AND AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO SUMMARIZE WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH POSITIVE AND WITH NEGATIVE RESULTS. A SUGGESTION IS TENTATIVELY MADE THAT IF ITEMS BELONG WITHIN THE SAME ASSOCIATIVE STRUCTURE, PRIMING OF AN ITEM AS A RESPONSE TO ANOTHER ITEM MAY OCCUR; WHEREAS WITHOUT THIS COMMUNITY OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERSHIP, PRIMING MAY NOT OCCUR. (28 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF THE TYPE OF STIMULUS EMPLOYED AND THE LEVEL OF SUBJECT AWARENESS ON THE DETECTION OF DECEPTION.

COMPARED DETECTION OF PERSONAL MATERIAL WITH THAT OF NEUTRAL MATERIAL MADE RELEVANT ONLY IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTEXT. EACH OF 28 MALE UNDERGRADUATES ACTED AS AN ESPIONAGE AGENT TO CONCEAL PERSONAL IDENTITY AND CODE WORDS LEARNED. PERSONALLY RELEVANT MATERIAL WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DETECTABLE THAN THE NEUTRAL MATERIAL, ALTHOUGH CONSEQUENCES OF DETECTION WERE THE SAME. THE STUDY ALSO PROVIDED EXPLORATORY DATA CONCERNING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSIVITY TO LIE-DETECTION STIMULI WHEN SS WERE UNAWARE THAT RESPONSES WERE BEING MONITORED. WHILE THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT DETECTION WAS INFERIOR UNDER THE NONAWARE CONDITION, DIFFICULTIES IN ACHIEVING A COMPLETELY CONVINCING NONAWARE SITUATION SUGGEST CAUTION IN GENERALIZATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

掺La对钼粉还原过程及粉体颗粒的影响

通过各种检测手段对不同La2O3含量及不同掺杂方式中，钼粉还原过程及粉体进行了系统的研究。结果表明：掺杂方式对La分布均匀性有显著影响，以二氧化钼为掺杂母体的La分布均匀性较以纯钼粉为母体时的均匀性高；La2O3在还原过程中起到细化粉末的作用。     

EFFECT OF POROSITY AND PARTICLE SIZE ON THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF SINTERED IRON

Abstract

The flexural and tensile strengths and the fatigue limits of sintered iron materials have been measured as a function of porosity and pore size. The resulting experimental values were lower than the theoretical. This discrepancy is attributed to a pore-size effect, analogous to the results of earlier work in which the influence of pore size on elastic modulus was studied (G. Artusio, V. Gallina, G. Mannone, and E. Sgambetterra, Powder Met., 1966, 9, (17), 89).