A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE PROCESS-REACTIVE SELF-REPORT SCALE.

EXAMINED THE RELIABILITY, INTERNAL CONSISTENCY, AND CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF ULLMANN AND GIOVANNONI'S PROCESS-REACTIVE SELF-REPORT SCALE. THE STABILITY COEFFICIENT WAS COMPARABLE TO THE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED SPLIT-HALF RELIABILITY OF THE SELF-REPORT AND THE PRESENTLY FOUND BETWEEN-RATER RELIABILITY OF THE PHILLIPS PREMORBID ADJUSTMENT SCALE. THE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY COEFFICIENTS OF EACH ITEM WERE COMPARABLE TO THOSE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCALE. THE CONCURRENT VALIDITY COEFFICIENT WAS INSIGNIFICANT WHEN COMPARING THE SELF-REPORT TO PREMORBID ADJUSTMENT SCALE. THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE SAMPLE BEING CHRONIC AND THE PATIENT ATTEMPTING TO PRESENT AN IMAGE OF BEING "ILL" RATHER THAN IN REPORTING PAST SOCIAL HISTORY. RESULTS CAUTIONED AGAINST USING BOTH INSTRUMENTS INTERCHANGEABLY UNTIL FURTHER WORK CAN EXAMINE THE POSSIBLE DISTORTION IN THE SELF-REPORT OF SPECIFIC PATIENT GROUPS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MEASURES OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF VERBAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS.

RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE THORNDIKE MULTIPLE-CHOICE SCALE OF VERBAL INTELLIGENCE IS A MODERATELY RELIABLE AND VALID INDEX FOR USE WITH HOSPITALIZED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC (NP) PATIENTS, AND APPEARS TO BE UNRELATED TO HOW ADEQUATELY THE S IS FUNCTIONING IN HIS HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT. SS WERE 130 HOSPITALIZED NP SS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARATIVE VALIDITY OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF CONSTRUCTING PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES.

TO EXAMINE THE DIFFERENTIAL VALIDITY OF PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES DEVELOPED BY DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION, 6 STRATEGIES WERE COMPARED: FACTOR ANALYTIC, EMPIRICAL GROUP DISCRIMINATIVE, INTUITIVE-THEORETICAL, INTUITIVE-RATIONAL, STYLISTIC-PSYCHOMETRIC, AND RANDOM. A COMMON ITEM POOL, THAT OF THE CPI, WAS USED TO CONSTRUCT SETS OF 11 SCALES BY EACH OF THE 6 STRATEGIES. THE SS WERE APPROXIMATELY 200 UNIVERSITY FRESHMAN GIRLS, FOR WHOM CPI RESPONSES AND 13 CRITERION MEASURES WERE AVAILABLE. THESE 13 CRITERIA INCLUDED AN INDEX OF SORORITY MEMBERSHIP; AN EXPERIMENTAL MEASURE OF CONFORMITY; PEER RATINGS ON THE TRAITS OF DOMINANCE, SOCIABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL-MINDEDNESS, AND FEMININITY; A PEER RATING OF HOW WELL S WAS KNOWN; S'S AVERAGE NUMBER OF DATES PER MO.; COLLEGE GRADE POINT AVERAGE; COLLEGE ACHIEVEMENT RELATIVE TO ABILITY; COLLEGE MAJOR; AND COLLEGE DROPOUT. MULTIPLE REGRESSION PROCEDURES WERE USED IN A DOUBLE CROSS-VALIDATION DESIGN. RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE 4 PRIMARY STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION DID NOT DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN OVERALL VALIDITY; ALL 4 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE VALID THAN THE STYLISTIC AND RANDOM SCALES, WHICH IN TURN DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM EACH OTHER. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"OPENNESS" AS A DIMENSION OF PROJECTIVE TEST RESPONSES.

ATTEMPTS TO ASSESS THE DEGREE TO WHICH CONSCIOUS MOTIVATION AFFECTS SS' OPENNESS ON PROJECTIVE TESTS. THE INFLUENCE OF STIMULUS VARIATION IS ALSO EXAMINED. USING ROLE-PLAYING INSTRUCTIONS, 31 UNDERGRADUATE SS WERE DIRECTED TO TELL PERSONALLY REVEALING STORIES TO 6 TAT CARDS; 29 OTHERS WROTE GUARDED STORIES. RATINGS OF THE STORIES BY JUDGES USING A MANUAL OF OPENNESS INDICATED THAT SS CAN SUCCESSFULLY CONTROL THIS FACET OF TAT PERFORMANCE AND THAT JUDGES CAN OBJECTIVELY EVALUATE AN S'S INTENT. DEGREE OF ASSESSED OPENNESS IS SHOWN TO BE RELATED TO DIFFERENCES IN TAT CARDS AND ALSO TO THE S'S SEX. IMPLICATIONS FOR USE OF PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES AND FURTHER RESEARCH ARE DISCUSSED, AS WELL AS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A SUBGROUP OF SS WHO, WHILE INSTRUCTED TO BE GUARDED, WROTE STORIES RATED AS OPEN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF PREDICTIVE AND NONPREDICTIVE PERSONALITY STATEMENTS.

EMPIRICALLY ASSESSED A GROUP OF DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTS ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON FOR THEIR PREDICTIVE VALIDITY, AND WERE CLASSIFIED AS: (1) CONSISTENTLY ACCURATE, (2) CONSISTENTLY INACCURATE, OR (3) NONPREDICTIVE. THE STATEMENTS WERE INDIVIDUALLY RATED BY 30 SS ON 10 STYLISTIC VARIABLES. NONPREDICTIVE STATEMENTS WERE RATED AS SIGNIFICANTLY STYLISTICALLY INFERIOR TO THE OTHER 2 GROUPS OF STATEMENTS. THE ACCURATE AND INACCURATE STATEMENTS DID NOT DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER ON THESE STYLISTIC VARIABLES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY AND PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.

M. C. JONES (SEE 42:5) FOUND THAT MALE ADOLESCENTS WHO LATER BECAME PROBLEM DRINKERS WERE DISTINGUISHED BY A SET OF TRAITS SUGGESTING UNDERLYING DEPENDENCE WITH OVERCOMPENSATORY STRIVINGS FOR MALENESS AND THAT PATTERNS OF NON-PROBLEM-DRINKING AND ABSTAINING ARE ALSO CORRELATED WITH DISPOSITIONS OF PERSONALITY. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS WORK FOR THE NEGLECTED FIELD OF ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIOR IS DISCUSSED. IT IS FELT THAT JONES' STUDY, THOUGH HIGHLY ORIGINAL, SUFFERS FROM THE FACT THAT HER FREQUENCY-AMOUNT SCHEME FOR CLASSIFYING DRINKERS LACKS SUBTLETY AND IS NOT BASED ON GENERAL THEORY. A SCHEME FOR CLASSIFYING ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIOR ON THE BASIS OF ITS RELATIONS TO THE PURPOSES, FUNCTIONING, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL IS BRIEFLY OUTLINED, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE ARE INDICATED. (16 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SCI作为科研评价指标其公正性探讨

讨论了SCI作为科研评价系统的科学性、合理性,分析了SCI中的重要指数——影响因子存在的局限性及修正方法,指出在进行科研评价和评估时应科学地使用SCI系统中提供的各项指标。     

石油油管尺寸控制的研究

分析了石油油管单支重量及通棒不符合要求的原因，研究了石油管外径、壁厚、单重与内径间的关系，推导出了它们之间的相应计算公式，并经计算机输值计算，将对应关系按表格形式固定下来，在生产时严格按表格控制，同时还采取了其它相应措施，使石油管尺寸控制效果大为提高。     

SITUATIONAL AND PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF PREDICTIVE ACCURACY.

INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PREDICTIVE ACCURACY AND TYPE OF INTERVIEWER-INTERVIEWEE CONTACT. 120 UNDERGRADUATES WERE ADMINISTERED THE ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST (ACL) AND ASSIGNED THE ROLES OF INTERVIEWER, INTERVIEWEE (OBJECT), AND O. AFTER A SHORT INTERVIEW, SEEN BY THE O THROUGH A 1-WAY MIRROR, THE INTERVIEWER AND O PREDICTED THE OBJECT'S RESPONSES TO THE ACL. FEMALES WERE PREDICTED MORE ACCURATELY THAN MALES REGARDLESS OF CONDITION OF CONTACT OR SEX OF JUDGE. THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN ACCURACY OF PREDICTION BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTACT WITH THE OBJECT. HIGH-ACCURACY JUDGES OBTAINED HIGHER SCORES ON THE ORDER SCALE OF THE ACL AND LOWER SCORES ON THE CHANGE AND AFFILIATION SCALES THAN LOW-ACCURACY JUDGES. UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIRECT CONTACT, HIGHER ACCURACY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT; UNDER THE CONDITION OF INDIRECT CONTACT, THIS PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER ACCURACY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BODY BOUNDARY, PARENTAL ATTITUDES, AND INTERNAL-EXTERNAL EXPECTANCY.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT A HIGH BARRIER SCORE WOULD BE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH AN EXPECTANCY OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENT AND THAT ADVERSE PARENTAL ATTITUDES, AS PERCEIVED BY CHILDREN, WOULD BE CORRELATED WITH AN EXTERNAL EXPECTANCY OF CONTROL. THE INTERNAL-EXTERNAL SCALE, RORSCHACH, PARENTAL ATTITUDE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (PARI), AND MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE WERE ADMINISTERED TO 68 COLLEGE STUDENTS. IT WAS CONFIRMED THAT THE AUTHORITARIAN CONTROL AND HOSTILITY-REJECTION FACTORS ON THE PARI WERE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO EXTERNAL EXPECTANCIES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY AND TIME ATTITUDES.

ADMINISTERED SETS OF PERSONALITY AND TIME-ATTITUDE ITEMS TO 100 HOSPITALIZED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS, 100 PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HYGIENE CLINIC AND 116 COLLEGE MALES AND 192 FEMALES. THE SETS WERE SEPARATELY FACTOR ANALYZED IN THE TOTAL SAMPLE, AND THE DATA FACTOR SCORED. SUBSTANTIAL RELATIONSHIPS WERE FOUND BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND TIME-ATTITUDE FACTOR SCORES WITHIN SAMPLES, AND MODERATE RELATIONSHIPS OF BOTH KINDS WITH DIAGNOSTIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES. RESULTS EMPIRICALLY SUPPORT THE CONJECTURE THAT ATTITUDES TOWARD TIME REFLECT BASIC FEATURES OF THE INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY. (24 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF DOGMATISM.

EXPLORED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOGMATISM (AN OPEN OR CLOSED BELIEF SYSTEM) AND SEVERAL DIVERSE PERSONALITY INSTRUMENTS. A CORRELATIONAL MATRIX COMPOSED OF THE DOGMATISM SCALE (FORM E) AND 58 SCALES DRAWN FROM THE EPPS, THE 16 PF, THE TENNESSEE SELF-CONCEPT SCALE, AND AN EXPERIMENTAL VERSION OF THE MACHIAVELLIANISM SCALE YIELDED 20 SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS WHICH CLUSTER LOGICALLY TO SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF A DOGMATIC PERSONALITY. FACTOR ANALYSES OF THE MATRICES DEMONSTRATED THE ESSENTIAL INDEPENDENCE OF THE SCALES USED. A PERSONALITY PATTERN REFLECTIVE OF DOGMATISM WAS CONSTRUCTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY AND DEMOGRAPHY IN COMPLEXITY-SIMPLICITY.

USED POLYGONS OF VARYING DEGREES OF COMPLEXITY TO INVESTIGATE PERSONALITY (FLEXIBILITY-RIGIDITY, INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGMENT, AND ANXIETY) AND DEMOGRAPHIC (AGE, SEX, AND BIRTH ORDER) VARIABLES WHICH MIGHT BE RELATED TO COMPLEXITY-SIMPLICITY PREFERENCES. WITH 205 COLLEGE SS, COMPLEXITY SCORES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO ANXIETY AND TO AN INTERACTION OF ANXIETY * FLEXIBILITY-RIGIDITY; WITH THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES, SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS FOR SEX AND AN INTERACTION OF AGE * SEX * BIRTH ORDER WERE OBTAINED, WHICH WAS CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON COMPLEXITY. RESULTS SUPPORT THE VIEW OF COMPLEXITY-SIMPLICITY AS A PERSONALITY OR MOTIVATIONAL DIMENSION, AND PROVIDE MODEST SUPPORT FOR LINKING COMPLEXITY TO CREATIVITY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION AS A FUNCTION OF INDIVIDUAL-ENVIRONMENT FIT.

RESEARCH IS REVIEWED WHICH TREATS PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THOSE OF THE INTERPERSONAL AND NONINTERPERSONAL ENVIRONMENTS. RELEVANT THEORETICAL POSITIONS ARE CONSIDERED. ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIONS OR TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND ENVIRONMENTS ARE DISCUSSED. THE CONCLUSION POINTS TO 3 QUESTIONS: SHOULD ONE CONSIDER THE PERCEIVED OR ACTUAL ENVIRONMENT? WHAT UNITS SHOULD BE USED AND SHOULD THESE BE THE SAME UNITS OF ANALYSIS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND ENVIRONMENTS? WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INDIVIDUAL ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS? (3 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERSONALITY CORRELATES AND ANTECEDENTS OF DRINKING PATTERNS IN ADULT MALES.

66 MEMBERS OF A LONGITUDINAL STUDY, NOW IN THEIR MIDDLE 40S, WERE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR DRINKING PATTERNS. THE YOUTHFUL AND ADULT PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE GROUPS AS ASSESSED BY THE CALIFORNIA Q SET WERE COMPARED FOR 3 AGE PERIODS: JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, AND ADULTHOOD. A CORE OF TRAITS DESCRIBED THE PROBLEM DRINKERS AS UNDERCONTROLLED, IMPULSIVE, AND REBELLIOUS. MODERATE DRINKERS AND, ESPECIALLY, ABSTAINERS WERE OVERCONTROLLED, RESPONSIBLE, AND ABLE TO FUNCTION COMFORTABLY IN A DEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP. CONTINUITY WAS HIGH BETWEEN THE RATINGS BY SEPARATE TEAMS OR JUDGES FOR THE 3 PERIODS. RESULTS INDICATE THAT ALCOHOL-RELATED BEHAVIOR IS, TO SOME EXTENT, AN EXPRESSION OF PERSONALITY TENDENCIES WHICH ARE EXHIBITED BEFORE DRINKING PATTERNS ARE ESTABLISHED. (31 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VALIDITY OF WPPSI SHORT FORMS.

CORRELATIONS WITH THE FULL SCALE OF ALL SHORT FORMS OF 2, 3, 4, AND 5 SUBTESTS WERE DETERMINED FROM WECHSLER PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCALE OF INTELLIGENCE STANDARDIZATION DATA. THE 10 BEST SHORT FORMS OF EACH LENGTH WERE LISTED, AND INFORMATION WAS GIVEN ON THEIR STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATE AND THEIR AGREEMENT WITH THE FULL SCALE IN CLASSIFYING SS. A METHOD THAT ENTAILS DIFFERENTIAL WEIGHTING OF SUBTEST SCORES, RATHER THAN SIMPLE SUMMATION, WAS CONSIDERED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SOME EFFECTS OF CLINICIAN AND PATIENT PERSONALITY ON DECISION MAKING IN A CLINICAL SETTING.

CONDUCTED A FOLLOW-UP STUDY TO RECENT FINDINGS OF GORDON WHICH SHOWED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS BASED ON PARTIAL RORSCHACH PROTOCOLS WERE RELATED TO THE PERSONALITY DIMENSION OF ANALITY IN THE CLINICIANS. 44 PRACTICING CLINICIANS WERE ASKED TO RESPOND TO A 3-PAGE DOCUMENT WHICH THEY WERE TOLD WAS A PARTIAL TRANSCRIPT OF AN INITIAL INTERVIEW WITH A PATIENT. THE RESULTS CONFIRMED THE EARLIER FINDINGS THAT HIGH-ANAL CLINICIANS HAVE LESS CONFIDENCE IN THEIR INTERPRETATIONS, MAKE FEWER SPECIFIC PREDICTIONS, AND IDENTIFY LESS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS THAN LOW-ANAL CLINICIANS. ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE IS GIVEN THAT THE PERSONALITY OF THE CLINICIAN INFLUENCES HIS CLINICAL DECISIONS. OTHER HYPOTHESES RELATED TO INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PERSONALITY OF THE PATIENT AS PRESENTED IN THE CLINICAL DATA AND THE PERSONALITY OF THE CLINICIAN WERE NOT CONFIRMED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF A BIOGRAPHICAL INVENTORY IN HIGHER EDUCATION.

SCORES ON THE EXTRACURRICULAR ACHIEVEMENT RECORD, DEVELOPED BY J. HOLLAND AND R. NICHOLS (SEE 38:5) PREDICTED PROFESSIONAL EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES OF 102 DENTAL STUDENTS. THESE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED LEADERSHIP, SIMULATED PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS, AND RESEARCH. 3 HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED: (1) STUDENTS SEEKING CANDIDACY FOR CLASS OFFICE IN THE 1ST-YR CLASS ELECTION HAVE HIGHER SCORES THAN NONCANDIDATES ON THE LEADERSHIP SCALE OF THE EXTRACURRICULAR ACHIEVEMENT RECORD (P