Experience in the commercial operation of the pilot asynchronized turbogenerator T3FA-110 at cogeneration plant-22 (TÉTs-22) of the Mosénergo Company

Results of commercial operation of a world pioneer asynchronized turbogenerator T3FA-110 with a capacity of 11 MW and full air cooling at a cogeneration plant are presented. The turbogenerator developed jointly by the Electric Power Research Institute and the élektrosila Company differs from traditional synchronous generators by the presence on the rotor of two mutually orthogonal windings, a two-channel reverse thyristor excitation system, and a special control system. The special features of design and control allow such generators to operate in the modes of both production and high consumption of reactive power at normal static and dynamic stability. This widens the range of regulation of the voltage level in the connected electric network and makes it possible to bring parallel-connected synchronous generators to optimum operation conditions. The generator can work without excitation for a long time at 70% load. Commercial operation of the pilot T3FA-110 turbogenerator started in December 2003 at TéTs-22 of the Mosénergo Company and has proved its full correspondence to the design engineering parameters. A program of wide use of such turbogenerators in the United Power System of Russia (RAO “EéS Rossii” Co.) has been developed. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2005, pp. 2–5.     

Damming the channel of the River Vakhsh in the section of the Sangtudinskaya GÉS-1 hydroelectric power plant

The damming of the channel of the River Vakhsh in the section of the Sangtudinskaya GéS-1 hydroelectric power plant using a three-embankment system, in which the central embankment is formed by means of a directed explosion from both banks, is described. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 7, July 2008, pp. 43–46.     

Increasing the efficiency of the power stations of JSC “Mosénergo”

The work of the JSC“All-Russian Institute of Thermal Technology (JSC “VTI”) on electrical power stations of the “Mosénergo” power system is described. Two vital questions have arisen in the course of this work: ensuring the functionality and reliable operation of equipment which has outlived its design lifetime and refitting the power stations to enhance their performance, reduce their environmental impact, and improve their operational characteristics in accord with the demands of the 21^st century. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2007, pp. 73–78.     

Automatic system for regulating the frequency and power of the 500 MW coal-dust power generating units at the Reftinskaya GRÉS

The monitoring and control systems at the 500 MW coal-dust power generating units No. 7, 8, and 9 at the Reftinskaya GRéS have been modernized using information-regulator systems. Layouts for instrumental construction of these systems and expanded algorithmic schemes for the automatic frequency and power control system and for the boiler supply and fuelling are discussed. Results from tests and normal operation of the automatic frequency and power control system are presented. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, February 2009, No. 2, pp. 47–53.     

Features of the development and introduction of voltage and reactive power group regulation systems in electric power stations

Experience in developing and introducing group voltage and reactive power regulation systems supplied by the ORGRéS Company and used successfully in several Russian electric power stations is described. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 4, April 2008, pp. 19–24.     

Use of GTÉ-65 gas turbine power units in the thermal configuration of steam-gas systems for the refitting of operating thermal electric power plants

Thermal configurations for condensation, district heating, and discharge steam-gas systems (PGU) based on the GTé-65 gas turbine power unit are described. A comparative multivariant analysis of their thermodynamic efficiency is made. Based on some representative examples, it is shown that steam-gas systems with the GTé-65 and boiler-utilizer units can be effectively used and installed in existing main buildings during technical refitting of operating thermal electric power plants. Translated from élektricheskie stantsii, No. 6, June 2008, pp. 15–25.     

An estimate of the errors when calculating the varying electric power losses in overhead lines due to neglecting weather conditions

An algorithm for calculating the resistance taking into account the air temperature, the working current and the wind speed is developed. A quantitative estimate is made of the effect of the load current, the conductor temperature and the wind speed on the resistance of overhead-line conductors. The ranges of the errors in calculating the annual variable electric power losses are obtained. 1 Electric Power Scientific-Research Institute (VNIIé)—subsidiary of JSC “NTTs élektroénergetiki,” Russia. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2008, pp. 42–49.     

Prospects for development of the Moscow and Leningradskaya Power Systems during the period to 2015

How the power systems functioned during the period from 2003 through 2005 is analyzed: an estimate of the dynamics and modes of power demand is given; development of generating capacities and modes of operation at power plants, and balances between capacity and electric power generated by the power systems is analyzed; “bottlenecks” in electrical networks are determined, and trends in prospects for the development and reconstruction of the networks are outlined. Assumptions concerning the introduction of generating capacities and formulation of predicted energy balances, and the development of system-forming networks carrying voltages of 110 kV and higher for the Moscow and Leningradskaya Power Systems are examined during the period from 2006 through 2015. Technico-economic indicators are cited for electrical-network projects planned for introduction, and also for reconstruction and technical refitting. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 31–45.     

Analytical investigations of transitional operating modes of the second circuit of units at NPP with water-moderated reactors with consideration of control systems

A mathematical model for analysis of process parameters of equipment in the second circuit of nuclear power plants is presented, and the structure of the program and principles used for analysis of the equipment are described. A mathematical model for analysis of the deaerator and steam generator is described in detail. A computational analysis of several transitional modes, which is made possible on the basis of the mathematical model in question, is also presented in this paper, and a comparison is made with test data. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 16–22.     

Experience in the operation of the T-150-7.7 LMZ steam turbine under the conditions of the PGU-450 flow diagram

Results of five years of operation of a double-pressure cogeneration steam turbine T-150-7.7 under the conditions of the PGU-450T flow diagram at the North-West Cogeneration Plant in the condensing mode from the beginning of service of the power unit in December 2000 are analyzed. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 10, October 2005, pp. 56–61.     

Reduction of air inflows in condensers of 200-MW power units

Results of updating the reducer between the LPC and the condenser involving removal of lens compensators and stiffening of the bar and rib frames are presented. Air inflows into the vacuum system through cracks in welded joints of flexible elements with total welded length of 240 m are lowered considerably by replacing them by stiff sheet structures. Computations of the thermal and stress-strain states of the system are performed. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 9, September 2006, pp. 45–47.     

Development,construction, and use of pneumometric tubes for measurement of steam flow in the steam lines of PVG-1000 at NPP

A system for the direct measurement of steam flow in steam lines after a steam generator, which utilizes a special design of pneumometric tubes and a computing unit that accounts for variation in steam pressure, has been developed to improve the quality of water-level regulation in the steam generators of VVéR-1000 power-generating units in the stationary and transitional modes. The advantage of the pneumometric tubes consists in their structural simplicity, high erosion resistance, and absence of irrevocable losses during measurement of steam flow. A similar measurement system is used at foreign NPP. The measurement system in question has been placed in experimental service at the No. 3 unit of the Balakovo NPP, and has demonstrated its worthiness. This measurement system can also be used to determine steam flow in the steam lines of NPP units with VVéR-1000 and VVéR-440 reactors, and PBMK-1000 power-generating units. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, March 2007, pp. 23–26.     

Extending the time-to-overhaul of T-250/300-240 turbines built by the ural turbomotor plant and managed by Mosénergo

The paper discusses the condition of 19 turbines operated by the publicly owned joint-stock company Mosénergo, which have exhausted their time to overhaul (220,000 hours, 600 starts). An extension in the time-to-overhaul of all 19 turbines to 300,000 hours or 900 start ups with the condition that a number of mandatory measures be taken is an acknowledged possibility, based on calculations performed and analysis of damage sustained. A number measures, which have themselves been positively recommended for certain turbines, are examined, and a procedure is presented for evaluating the effectiveness of their implementation. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, pp. 4–8 (2006).     

Engineering refit of the Dorogobuzh Heat and Electric Power Plant

This article discusses the introduction of two gas turbine units with an overall power of 12 MW in 2005 at the Dorogobuzh TéTs (Heat and Electric Power Plant). This plant provides energy and heat to the Dorogobuzh industrial cluster and the 30000 people living in the Dorogobuzh region. The need to reconstruct and refit the Dorogobuzh TéTs (Smolensk Oblast’, Russia), which had become noncompetitive in the market, is examined. The engineering state of the Dorogobuzh TéTs before and after the introduction of two gas turbine units with an overall power of 12 MW in 2005 is described in detail; the consumption and thermal and electrical energy output parameters are compared. The technical characteristics of the new equipment, including GTD-6RM gas turbine power units, TGS-6 turbogenerators, and boiler recovery units, are given. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 3, Macrh 2008, pp. 13–17.     

A method of increasing the operating reliability of high-frequency protection

The breakdown of the PDE 2003 type directed and differential-phase high-frequency protection based on integrated microcircuits for a single-phase short circuit on a 330-kV line when the protection is operating in the directed mode is considered. It is shown that separation of the exposure time in the disconnection channel into two parts increases the operating reliability of the protection for disconnection in intensive high-frequency interference. The establishment of maximum (apparatus) sensitivity of the high-frequency receiver is only possible in icy regions. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 58–61.     

The effect of the current of the melting ice cover in the lightning-protection cable on the relay protection of an electric power line

The reasons for the excessive operation of the zero-sequence current protection of an overhead electric power line when there is melting ice cover on the lightning protection cable in circuits using the ground as the return conductor are explained. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 12, December 2008, pp. 55–57.     

Estimating the quality of metal in cast working blades made of the nickel alloy ChS88U-VI

Results are presented from a study of the metal in the working blades for a gas turbine power system made of the nickel alloy ChS88U-VI in its initial heat treated state. It is found that cooled working blades in the first and second stages meet the engineering requirements, while large uncooled blades in the third and fourth stages deviate from the specifications for a turbine system in terms of their macrostructure and mechanical properties. Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, January 2009, No. 1, pp. 28–34.