双半外圈调心球轴承预紧分析及在工程中的应用

为了保证双半外圈双列调心球轴承的预紧效果,对其预紧力的确定和预紧量的大小进行了分析计算。这种轴承结合了成对双联向心推力球轴承和双列向心调心球轴承的优点,既能实现大角度调心,调心角度达3°,又能进行轴向预紧。通过对这类轴承的力学分析,推导了轴向预紧力与轴承支撑负载的关系公式,而预紧量是通过控制两个半外圈之间的隔圈厚度进行调节的。基于弹性接触理论,推导了轴承定位隔圈磨削量大小的公式。将轴承用于LAMOST天文望远镜像场旋转轴中,对内径1100mm的轴承现场安装预紧调整后进行实测。测量结果表明,在任意50°范围内(旋转轴工作范围),轴系径向跳动0.02mm,端面跳动0.03mm,满足了LAMOST对像场旋转轴系刚度和旋转精度的要求。跟星实测像场旋转精度RMS值优于0.3″。     

大型地平式望远镜的方位轴系支撑结构

设计了用于2m口径望远镜的方位轴系支撑结构.通过对比大型地平式望远镜方位轴系的典型支撑结构,拟定了由向心球轴承和大接触角推力球轴承集成的一体化轴系支撑方案以及相应的轴承结构参数.依据Hertz接触理论并采用AYSYS有限元软件对60～85°不同原始接触角下的静载荷特性参数进行了理论计算和非线性仿真分析验证,结合加工工艺设计了85°接触角的推力球轴承结构.研制成功了直径为1 500 mm轴承样机,其轴向跳动为0.009 mm,径向跳动为0.006 mm,最大空载启动摩擦力矩为30 N·m,承载能力优于30 t.该项设计为大型望远镜高精度方位轴系的研制提供了可靠的设计依据和技术途径.     

双半外圈调心球轴承预紧力和预紧量的分析计算

预紧是保证轴承刚度和旋转精度的重要途径。为了保证双半外圈双列调心球轴承的预紧效果,对其预紧力的确定和预紧量的大小进行了分析计算。目前这种双半外圈双列调心球轴承在轴承分类中还没有,它结合了成对双联向心推力球轴承和双列向心调心球轴承的优点。既能实现大角度调心,调心角度达3°,又能进行轴向预紧。通过对这类轴承的力学分析,推导了轴向预紧力与轴承支撑负载的关系公式。预紧量是通过控制两个半外圈之间的隔圈厚度进行调节的,基于弹性接触理论,推导了轴承定位隔圈磨削量大小的公式。这种轴承在国家重大科技项目LAMOST天文望远镜像场旋转轴中得到应用,内径1100mm的轴承现场安装预紧调整后实测,在任意50°范围内（旋转轴工作范围）,轴系径向跳动小于0.02mm,端面跳动小于0.03mm。满足了LAMOST对像场旋转轴系刚度和旋转精度的要求。跟星实测像场旋转精度RMS值优于0.3″。     

特大型四点接触球轴承沟曲率半径系数的设计方法

沟曲率半径系数是轴承设计中一个重要的设计参数,对轴承的承载能力和疲劳寿命有较大影响。目前为止,特大型四点接触球轴承沟曲率半径系数的设计依靠经验取值,缺乏设计依据,由此设计出来的轴承不能保证满足承载能力的要求。给出了特大型四点接触球轴承精确静承载曲线的绘制方法,提出了根据特大型四点接触球轴承精确静承载曲线设计轴承沟曲率半径系数的方法并给出了相应的设计流程,同时还给出了此类轴承疲劳寿命的计算方法。给出的沟曲率半径系数设计方法能够精确设计特大型四点接触球轴承的沟曲率半径系数,设计出的轴承一定满足轴承承载能力的要求及较高疲劳寿命的要求。此外,该设计方法可提高轴承的设计效率,并为轴承沟曲率半径系数设计方法的发展提供理论基础。     

Thermo-mechanical analysis of angular contact ball bearing

The thermal-mechanical character, which is difficult to ensure because of the lack of a corresponding theory and tool, has a significant effect on the dynamics of bearings. It even leads to a sudden failure of bearings in a working situation. In this research, a thermal deformation model was established, based on the analysis of temperature effect on the basic size of angular contact ball bearing. And the transmission from rolling size to bearing axial stiffness was explicit. On the basis of the variation of Hertz contact stiffness and the change of initial contact angle of angular contact ball bearing caused by temperature rise, a “Thermo- mechanical” model of bearing was proposed. According to this model, using the corresponding calculation procedure programmed by MATLAB, the effect of bearing temperature on the axial stiffness has been studied. And the correctness of this model was verified with experiments. Some design suggestions have been made for the decision of bearing preload: to prevent the bearing failure caused by overheating.     

Effect of raceway geometry parameters on the carrying capability and the service life of a four-point-contact slewing bearing

The carrying capability and the service life of a four-point-contact slewing bearing are influenced significantly by its raceway geometry parameters. In this paper, the carrying capability is characterized by the maximal contact stress in the paper. The usual industry practice is to specify the service life as the L ₁₀ life. The geometry parameters, cross section clearance, ratio of curvatures, rolling ball diameter, and initial contact angle, are also considered. The sensitivity of each parameter influencing the carrying capability and the service life is discussed as well. The results show an interesting phenomenon, indicating that the maximal contact load and the maximal stress do not always have the same varying trend when discussed parameters vary. The developed design can be utilized as a reference for an optimal slewing bearing design. If a slewing bearing of high static carrying capability is required, it can be designed with large ratio of curvatures and rolling ball diameter. In terms of service life, the cross section clearance and the initial contact load should also be considered.     

表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响

为研究油气润滑状态下表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响,在角接触球轴承的内圈滚道上设计表面织构,基于气液两相流理论,采用多重参考坐标系(MRF)模型和流体体积(VOF)法,对高速角接触球轴承腔内润滑油流动特性进行数值分析,对比分析长沟槽、短沟槽、矩形、圆柱形4种表面织构对角接触球轴承润滑性能的影响,发现长沟槽形的表面织构对改善角接触球轴承的润滑性能效果最为显著,并进一步分析长沟槽形表面织构结构参数对轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明：轴承腔内油相体积分数随着沟槽深度和面积率的增大先增大后减小,随着沟槽宽度的增加逐渐增大,存在最佳织构参数使得轴承腔内油相体积分数最大。因此,合理地设计织构参数能有效提高角接触球轴承润滑性能,该研究结果对角接触球轴承表面织构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

负游隙对特大型双排四点接触球轴承载荷分布的影响

给出负游隙双排四点接触球轴承接触载荷分布的计算模型。采用Newton–Raphson法计算了某型号双排四点接触球轴承在联合载荷时不同负游隙下的接触载荷分布情况,分析负游隙与轴承接触载荷分布的关系,并与经验公式的计算结果进行对比。结果表明：计算模型正确合理。随着负游隙绝对值增大,发生4点接触的钢球数越多,直到所有钢球都发生4点接触;轴承中最大接触载荷随负游隙绝对值的增大先减小后增大。双排四点接触球轴承上排钢球与滚道接触的最大接触载荷比下排球与滚道接触的最大接触载荷大。     

高速精密机床用陶瓷球轴承非线性静力学分析

在模型简化及边界条件进行一定假设的基础上,建立了陶瓷球轴承的三维几何模型。采用有限单元法,借助有限元分析软件对模型进行了多种实际工况的非线性静力学分析,得到了轴承的应力和变形。利用传统赫兹接触理论进行轴承强度计算,并与已有的计算结果对比,证明了轴承的建模和简化的合理性,说明计算方法是可靠的。     

双列角接触球轴承装配合套的分析计算

轴承装配合套率的高低与轴承的设计及制造密切相关。提供了一种提高双列角接触球轴承合套率的简便设计计算方法,实用表明,利用此方法,可显著提高轴承装配合套率和质量。     

关于深沟球轴承沟曲率半径系数的选取

在不考虑轴承游隙的基础上,对深沟球轴承几何参数及接触应力分析,根据极限应力的计算方法,绘制了不同沟曲率半径系数时的Coe曲线图,并说明了如何根据该图选取沟曲率半径系数。     

基于多重网格法的超高速电主轴轴承内部润滑状态分析

本文以超高速电主轴内部主轴轴承为研究对象,基于稳态等温点接触弹流润滑理论,采用多重网格法,对超高速时在不同工况和几何参数等条件下主轴轴承内部的弹流油膜状态进行了分析计算,得出了速度、预载荷等工况条件和接触角、套圈沟曲率半径系数、材料参数等对轴承内部球滚动体与套圈滚道之间润滑状态的影响结果。     

基于MATLAB语言的钢丝滚道球轴承优化设计

在传统的优化设计的基础上,建立钢丝滚道球轴承优化设计的数学模型;分析轴承的设计规范和约束条件,以摩擦力矩最小为目标函数,确定以滚珠直径、滚珠所在圆周的直径、滚珠数目和接触角为主要优化设计参数的优化设计方法.运用Matlab中非线性有约束的多元函数fmincon求解,得到主要优化设计参数,与随机约束方向法相比,球轴承的摩擦力矩减小.     

滚珠丝杠副非协调性接触特性研究

滚珠丝杠副中滚珠与丝杠滚道和螺母滚道的接触是一种典型的非协调性接触,这种接触的特性对滚珠丝杠副的承载能力、传动效率和定位精度等都有着重要的影响。为此,采用Hertz接触理论建立了滚珠丝杠副轴向接触刚度的求解公式,然后从滚珠丝杠副轴向负载、设计参数和材料属性等方面分析了滚珠丝杠副的接触特性,最后运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对滚珠与丝杠滚道的接触进行仿真,仿真结果与理论结果非常相近,从而验证了理论分析的正确性。研究结果为高速、重载和精密滚珠丝杠副的设计与使用提供了理论指导。     

Effect of Disk Flexibility on Rocking Mode Frequencies of a Disk Drive Spindle Motor System

The lowest natural frequency of a hard disk drive related to a spindle motor is the so-called “rocking mode,” the frequency at which the rotor of the motor is whirling conically. A traditional rotordynamics theory with thick/rigid disks is not able to predict the rocking mode frequencies correctly. In this paper, the rocking mode frequencies of a single-disk rigid-rotor motor were solved analytically, including the effects of disk flexibility and ball bearing contact angle. In addition, the disk flexibility model was integrated to a finite element-based (FEM) flexible-shaft rotordynamics computer program. The closed-form solution of the analytical model provides design engineers a tool to identify critical design parameters. It was found that the rocking mode frequency, which is mainly affected by the clamped condition at the inner radius of the disk, is the flexible disk one-nodal-diameter mode frequency reduced by the compliance of ball bearings. The results obtained from both the analytical model and the FEM computer program matched the experimental results with an error less than two percent. Neglecting the effect of ball bearing contact angle increases the error three times. The effects of design parameters were also investigated.     

大型钢丝滚道球轴承的接触特性研究

将大型钢丝滚道球轴承中球-滚道之间的接触问题视为非协调性接触问题,采用Hertz理论分析了其非线性特性。理论分析结果表明,轴承组件的几何尺寸不影响接触特性,但其几何非线性依赖于材料的抗拉强度及硬度。采用螺旋电感测微仪对钢球-钢丝滚道和Si3N4陶瓷球-钢丝滚道两种接触方式进行了实验测试,通过对比发现,理论接触刚度均比实验测试值稍大,且相同条件下混合式的接触刚度比全钢式的接触刚度高,其主要原因是经典Hertz理论的假设忽略了库仑摩擦力的作用以及接触体弹性变形时往往伴随塑性变形的发生。理论和实验结果均表明接触体的材料非线性对接触问题影响显著。研究结果为大型钢丝滚道球轴承的预紧研究和工程应用提供了理论指导。     

A theoretical model to predict the effect of localized defect on vibrations associated with ball bearing

The paper presents an analytical model for predicting the effect of a localized defect on the ball bearing vibrations. In the analytical formulation, the contacts between the ball and the races are considered as non-linear springs. The contact force is calculated using the Hertzian contact deformation theory. A computer program is developed to simulate the defect on the raceways with the results presented in the time domain and frequency domain. The model yields both the frequency and the acceleration of vibration components of the bearing. The effect of the defect size and its location has been investigated. Numerical results for 6305 deep groove ball bearing have been obtained and discussed. The results obtained from the experiments have also been presented.     

球轴承基本受载变形特性分析

通过对主曲率平面两两共面的光滑弹性体在一点接触时的受载变形分析,以及轴承多体接触条件下的力平衡分析,建立了球轴承非线性受载变形的基本分析方法,由此可确定出轴承内部各个角位置上滚动体与滚道接触区诸如接触变形、接触应力等力学参数,为滚动轴承的工程分析和设计计算提供理论依据。     

考虑局部故障边缘形态的球轴承振动特征

在分析球与不同边缘形态的局部故障之间接触关系的基础上,根据赫兹接触理论建立了球与局部故障光滑圆柱型边缘之间的接触刚度模型,以及球进入故障区域时的时变位移激励模型。考虑弹性流体动力润滑油膜的影响,提出时变冲击激励耦合的球轴承圆弧边缘型局部故障动力学模型。该模型考虑了故障边缘形态特征变化引起的球进入故障时的时变额外位移激励,以及球与故障边缘之间的时变接触刚度。研究滚道表面圆弧型边缘型局部故障激励下的球轴承振动响应特征,并分析故障边缘形态变化对球轴承振动响应特征的影响规律,解决了尖锐边缘型局部故障模型无法描述其边缘形态变化的问题,为获得可靠的局部故障球轴承的动力学响应特征提供新的手段和方法,也为球轴承局部故障的准确识别与定量诊断提供一定的理论依据。     

高速超高速混装陶瓷球轴承结构参数的设计研究

定义轴承结构参数中的最佳球径、危险球径和许用球径等概念，基于轴承拟静力学理论，引入Matlab软件计算高速超高速混装陶瓷球轴承不同工况下各定义球径与载荷、转速的关系曲线；用Hertz接触问题的有限元法分析方法，得到高速下球径与外圈接触应力的数值解。上述理论方法为开展高速超高速混装陶瓷球轴承乃至于普通轴承的结构参数设计提供依据。