小水电对广东农村经济发展有重要的意义

据水资源普查，广东省水电资源蕴藏量1125万千瓦，可开发量824万千瓦，其中小水电可开发量621万千瓦。广东省小水电资源主要分布在边远地区、少数民族地区和革命老区，集中在北江上游、东江上游、西江地区和韩江上游。截至2001年底，全省已开发小水电371万千瓦，其中33个农村初级电气化县小水电总装机210万千瓦。“九五”期间广东小水电平均每年新增装机容量17．7万千瓦，并建设和改造了一大批水电站及配套输变电工程。     

农村水电的形势转变与跨越

到2003年底，全国1500多个县开发了农村水电，农村水电装机超过3000万千瓦，年发电量1090亿千瓦时，实现营业收入462亿元，上交利税80多亿元。“七五”、“八五”、“九五”期间，全国建成了三批共653个农村水电初级电气化县。这些县基本上实现了国内生产总值、财政收入、农民人均收入、人均用电量“5年翻一番”、“10年翻两番”，发展速度明显高于全国平均水平。农村水电已成为全国广大农村重要的基础设施和公共设施，在中国经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。     

对甘肃农村水电及水电农村电气化建设情况的调查

最近，我们结合贯彻水利部《关于清查“四无”水电站确保安全度汛的紧急通知》精神，先后赴陇南、甘南、定西、金昌、张掖等地，就农村水电、水电农村电气化建设、农村水电安全生产及工程质量进行了检查和调研。我省分属长江、黄河、内陆河三大流域，年总径流量584．77亿立方     

四川建设中国最大的水电基地

水力资源居中国第一位的四川省将在“十五”（２００１-２００５年）及更长一段时间内新建一批大型水电站 ,使四川成为中国最大的水电基地。四川水力资源蕴藏量居全国各省、区、市之冠。经济可开发水能蕴藏７６１１万ｋＷ ,由金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河组成的“三江”地区的水力资源占四川的８０%。专家说 ,四川及“三江”地区是中国乃至世界上水力资源最密集的地区 ,而且开发水电的技术经济指标优越。在这里建设水电基地 ,对实施“西部大开发”、“西电东送”战略具有重大战略意义。近日 ,在四川省都江堰市召开了雅砻江锦屏一级水电站选坝报告…     

盘点农村水电十件大事 2013 年度平稳健康发展

2013年,农村水电行业认真贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届三中全会精神,积极转变发展方式,全力推进“民生、平安、绿色、和谐”四个水电建设,农村水电保持了、平稳、健康的发展势头。     

浙江省小水电发电情况及其对电网的影响

一、水电站的发展和作用在贯彻“扶贫”、“提高地方经济收入”、“对发展地方小水电要扶植”的政策下,近几年来浙江省小水电有了较大的发展。1984年底浙江省网内500千瓦以上的小水电站有171座,装机容量31.28万千瓦,到     

地方电力应积极参与输配分开的改革

一、我国地方电力的形成与发展 我国地方电力、特别是省级地方电力大多是伴随着“集资办电”而产生并发展成为一定规模的。它们或是以小水电为主，或是在国家电网覆盖不到之处尤其是老少边穷地区，由当地政府和人民群众投入大量的人力、物力和财力，经过艰苦创业和多年的积累发展起来的。目前，全国已有18个省组建了省一级的地方电力集团或水电集团。其中，以四川、山西以及陕西的地方电力发展最有特色：     

“十一五”我国计划新增农村水电装机1500万kW

“十一五”期间，我国计划新增农村水电装机1500万kW，建设400个水电农村电气化县。这一目标实现后，可解决1000万农村无电人口的用电问题。 2001～2004年，我国农村水电装机新增1064万kW，是“九五”前4年的1．43倍。全国400个水电农村电气化县建成后，提高了农村的电气化水平。水利系统农网改造任务已经完成，农村电价大幅下降，每年可减轻农民负担40多亿元。     

集资开发浙江中小型水电的几点意见

1984年四、五月我们去浙江丽水、温州、绍兴、杭州地区(市)对如何进一步开发浙江省水电作了一些调查,并与有关单位领导同志、技术干部交换了意见,一致认为浙江水电有一定优势,尤其是中型水电站,在“七五”期间加速开发,可以增加电网的调峰高频能力和备用容量,开发水电对浙江特别是山区以及经济比较落后地区的经济发展,更是十分必要。     

对我国西南地区水电发展的几点意见

本文摘要介绍《30年电力开发远景规划》及加快发展水电的国策,对照近期水电增长率下降问题分析原因,寻求对策。结合西南地区水电“缺乏调蓄”问题及今后水电开发应面向西南,建议“分两步走”的改革方案:首先在西南地区已建、在建的大型径流电站的上游,补充修建调蓄水库,改变目前供电不稳定、效益低的现状,以期由担任基荷转为担任峰腰荷。其次,要在将要开发河流的上游先修建“龙头”水库,然后在其下游修建径流式电站,这样能比较合理地开发西南水电资源,有利于本地区和其他地区的能源建设和经济建设。     

Users' Needs Lighting, Start-Up Power, Transportation, Mechanical Utilities, Heating, Refrigeration, and Production

The needs for emergency and standby power to enhance industrial and commercial power systems are frequently left wanting due to ignorance of the needs or of the systems available to satisfy the needs. This paper discusses various situations which require or desire emergency or standby power and mentions suitable systems for each application. The areas discussed include lighting, start-up power, transportation, mechanical utilities, heating, refrigeration, and production.     

光、城市、生活、未来……——世博轴及地下综合体工程艺术灯光景观

工程介绍 世博轴及地下综合体工程（简称世博轴）位于浦东世博园核心区。南起耀华路,跨雪野路、南环路、北环路、及浦明路,到滨江世博公园。     

Grades, Quizzes, Motivation, and Computers

The following paper describes the use of a simple FORTRAN computer program that may be used to determine course grades. The program is based on processing a set of IBM punched data cards. Each card contains the name of a student and all of his grades, including the final examination grade. The program may also be used to predict the final examination grade, based on previous quiz grades, and then, in turn, to predict the final course grade. It is thus possible to use this program periodically throughout the entire semester in order to provide the student, as well as the instructor, with a measure of his progress.     

Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet machines

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet (RFTPM) machines-is proposed in order to substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. After the principles of operation, configurations, and features are discussed, the machine design and optimization guidelines are given. A prototype has been designed, built, and tested. The measured torque density of the prototype, which well matches the design value, is almost three times of that of the induction machine with the same power of 3 hp and speed. Meanwhile the efficiency is still kept high and the material cost is kept low by using ferrite magnets. Three novel approaches are proposed to reduce the cogging torque in the RFTPM machines, whose validity is verified by finite-element analysis results and experimental measurements.     

A new soft-switched, thyristor-based, regenerative, quasi-resonant,current regulated inverter

A variety of soft-switching techniques have been proposed to reduce the switching losses and EMI problems that occur with higher switching frequencies in hard-switched converters. In this paper, a new, quasi-resonant, soft-switched, three-phase inverter is presented which uses 12 thyristors as the power electronic switches, and hence has potential for use in high-power applications. The converter is fully current-regulated, suitable for high-performance motor drive applications, and is capable of 4-quadrant operation to allow regeneration back into the DC supply. The operation and the control of the inverter are described in detail and simulation and experimental results are presented     

Industrial system grounding for power, static, lightning, andinstrumentation, practical applications

Practically every structural steel building erected for industrial use incorporates reinforcing steel bars installed in the concrete footings. This, without any additional effort, constitutes a grounding electrode. The quantity of electrodes is directly related to the building area. When the structural steel framework is erected and interconnected, these electrodes are also interconnected in a parallel arrangement. Similarly, high-voltage metal transmission towers are installed using a metal footing base embedded in a concrete filled hole. The four tower legs are effectively in parallel and offer an adequate low ground resistance such that additional electrodes are generally not required. This brings us to the main point: the reinforced concrete footings, reinforced concrete grade beams, and other reinforced concrete structures provide, with a little work, an effective, reliable, and cost attractive system grounding vehicle