一种移动IP快速平滑切换方案

无线IP网络中将采用移动IP实现移动性管理,但该方案应用在高频度切换环境,存在不可接受的切换时延和数据包丢失,很难保证通信业务的服务质量.提出了一种移动IP快速平滑切换方案,该方案利用后注册切换的概念,在切换过程中不存在数据包的丢失,并可以获得很小的切换时延,在实际系统中运行能够达到良好的效果.     

一个可切实服务于运营商的移动无线因特网

本文在简单介绍了移动IP及其路由优化，无线局域网（WLAN）和GPRS的基础上，提出了一个新的利用移动IP来融合WLAN和GPRS的移动无线因特网的网络结构，详细论述了其多连接的路由过程，平滑垂直切换，AAA，并做了简要的性能分析。     

一种基于无线局域网的移动检测优化方案

无线局域网采用移动IP实现移动性管理.移动IP切换存在切换时延大,数据包易丢失的问题.切换时延由移动检测时延和注册时延组成,而移动检测时延在其中占主要部分.文章提出了一种移动检测优化方案,采用了自适应绑定的算法,同时充分考虑了域内小范围高频度切换的情况,使移动节点在无线局域网环境中进行快速有效的切换.     

移动IP的多层次位置管理及路由优化

移动IP采用三角路由机制，其切换时延大，分组丢失较严重。本提出了多层次位置管理的方法，取得了快速平滑的切换，并结合VPN技术，安全地优化了路由，从而改善了业务的QoS。     

移动IP技术分析

移动IPv4是基于网络层的移动管理协议，无论从位置管理还是移动切换管理都采用基于网络层IP来实现。作为支持宏观移动的技术，移动IP可以与微观移动的技术，如蜂窝IP等相结合应用。本着重介绍移动IPv4技术的基本原理，同时从安全、路由和网络层的移动切换的角度，引入相关的补充技术，如安全认证机制、路由优化技术和平滑切换技术，提供完善的移动IP实现。     

移动IP与TeleMIP技术

移动IP是一种简单可扩展的全球Internet移动解决方案。但它不能实现快、无缝、平滑的切换，TeleMIP提供了一种方案以解决在无线蜂窝网络中实现快速、无缝、平滑的切换。最后根据这两种技术的互补性，提出二进行无缝结合的方案，并认为这种结合将成为未来移动互联技术的发展方向之一。     

移动IP中的微移动管理技术的研究

近年来，随着无线技术的成熟，有越来越多的人通过无线设备连接到Internet上，希望能够随时随地地对网络进行访问。如果我环游世界的话，移动IP将确保我能够随时接入Internet。但是移动IP由于众所周知的三角路由问题，当移动主机离本地网络很远的时候，频繁的切换将使得移动主机需要不断的注册再注册，而这将导致通信的频繁断开。于是专家提出了很多基于移动IP的下一代移动网络的微移动协议，如Cellular IP，HAWAII，HMIP等来解决这个问题。这是一个值得深入研究的问题。     

移动IP的多层次位置管理及路由优化

移动IP采用三角路由机制,其切换时延大,分组丢失较严重。本文提出了多层次位置管理的方法,取得了快速平滑的切换,并结合VPN技术,安全地优化了路由,从而改善了业务的QoS。     

移动IP与IDMP技术

本文由移动IP在蜂窝环境中的局限性引出域内移动性管理(IDMP)协议，并讨论了IDMP协议的网络结构、切换，寻呼功能，最后提出了进一步研究的问题。     

全IP移动通信网网络层移动性管理

首先介绍了全IP移动通信网网络层移动性管理的概念、框架和最经典的移动IP（Mobile IP）协议，然后讨论了基于Mobile IP的四种主要扩展方案：蜂窝IP、切换敏感无线接入Internet结构（HAWAII)、电信增强移动IP（TeleMIP）和边缘移动性体系结构（EMA）方案，最后结合第三代移动通信发展的状况得出了一些结论。     

一种分布式全IP无线接入网方案

提出一种独特的无线IP接入网结构。此结构突破了传统的接入网管理域概念,直接在最靠近无线传输点的基站控制器上为用户提供IP网络接入,构成分布式的全IP无线接入网。其支撑协议MPPP(MobilePoint-to-PointProtocol)可充分体现用户移动的个性特征,构成动态逻辑接入网管理域。提出的快速平滑切换可保证用户在大业务量、频繁高速移动中的无损IP业务。     

Integrated Mobility Management Methods for Mobile IP and SIP in IP based Wireless Data Networks

With developments in voice over IP (VoIP), IP-based wireless data networks and their application services have received increased attention. While multimedia applications of mobile nodes are served by Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as a signaling protocol, the mobility of mobile nodes may be supported via Mobile IP protocol. For a mobile node that uses both Mobile IP and SIP, there is a severe redundant registration overhead because the mobile node has to make location registration separately to a home agent for Mobile IP and to a home registrar for SIP, respectively. Therefore, we propose two new schemes that integrate mobility management functionality in Mobile IP and SIP. We show performance comparisons among the previous method, which makes separate registration for Mobile IP and SIP without integration, and our two integrated methods. Numerical results show that the proposed methods efficiently reduce the amount of signaling messages and delay time related to the idle handoff and the active handoff.     

Intelligent Handoff for Mobile Wireless Internet

This paper presents an intelligent mobility management scheme for Mobile Wireless InterNet – MWIN. MWIN is a wireless service networks wherein its core network consisting of Internet routers and its access network can be built from any Internet-capable radio network. Two major standards are currently available for MWIN, i.e., the mobile IP and wireless LAN. Mobile IP solves address mobility problem with the Internet protocol while wireless LAN provides a wireless Internet access in the local area. However, both schemes solve problems independently at different layers, thereby some additional problems occur, e.g., delayed handoff, packet loss, and inefficient routing. This paper identifies these new problems and performs analyses and some real measurements on the handoff within MWIN. Then, a new handoff architecture that extends the features of both mobile IP and wireless LAN handoff mechanism was proposed. This new architecture consists of mobile IP extensions and a modified wireless LAN handoff algorithm. The effect of this enhancement provides a linkage between different layers for preventing packet loss and reducing handoff latency. Finally, some optimization issues regarding network planning and routing are addressed.     

Mobile IP-DECT internetworking architecture supporting IMT-2000applications

Realistic realization and mass acceptance of mobile data services require networking architectures offering acceptable quality of service and attractive tariffs. A novel strategy for this goal is maximum integration of popular data networking standards and their infrastructure into wireless networks. This article discusses a Mobile IP-based network architecture to provide IP services in DECT to support IMT-2000 applications. DECT offers micromobility within multicell subnets, while Mobile IP supports macromobility between multicell subnets. Incorporating Mobile IP into the DECT handoff mechanism in this way extends DECT micromobility with IP macromobility. Also, utilizing fast, seamless DECT handoff management reduces Mobile IP handoff delay to circumvent TCP throughput degradation during handoff and reduce frequency of Mobile IP signaling over the ether to conserve spectral efficiency. This feature seamlessly unifies DECT with the global Internet. Seamless integration of DECT with the Internet is crucial due to the continuing phenomenal popularity of the Internet and wireless communications, and ubiquity of DECT systems. To achieve the above DECT/IP interworking efficiently, the architecture introduces a network entity called a DECT service switching point, which is an extended DECT central control fixed part. DECT network-level services are mapped onto those of the IETF integrated services architecture to maintain QoS provided by DECT in the backbone Internet. Mobile Resource Reservation Protocol, an extended RSVP tailored to mobile networking, is adopted to provide the needed signaling in IntServ. The proposed architecture preserves traditional non-IP based services such as PSTN voice     

IMS应用层连续性研究

应用层移动性对在移动环境下的IP应用很重要,底层的移动性支持保证了切换中数据传输的平滑性,而应用层移动性要保证上层应用在移动中正确收发数据。文中提出了移动扩展SOCKET,即MESOCK(Mobile Extension SOCKET)来实现应用层的移动性。它允许应用数据传送中变换数据传输的源和目的IP地址,使得数据可以直接经路由到达目的地而不是采用隧道的方式。能够很好地配合底层的IP地址切换,即终端地址一旦变化,应用层即启用新的IP地址来收发数据,而不是通过数据隧道发送数据。并在地址切换过程中很好地保持连接的持续性,从而保证服务的连续性和数据传输的完整性。仿真结果证明MESOCK可以很好地实现这一目标。     

快速IP切换在无线局域网中的实现

在移动网络中,无缝切换是提供QoS的基础,也是支持实时业务应用(如视频点播和语音传输等)的保证。针对无线局域网(WLAN)的节点切换问题,建立了各种网络模型,提出了链路层、网络层和传输层的解决方案。文章根据切换过程的技术特征,研究了WLAN中网络层切换的各种方案,包括移动IP方案、TAP-DANCE方案以及网络辅助的IP移动支持,具体分析了上述方案的实现过程,比较了性能指标,指出了存在的问题及进一步研究方向。     

A Cross-Layer (Layer 2 + 3) Handoff Management Protocol for Next-Generation Wireless Systems

Next-generation wireless systems (NGWS) integrate different wireless networks, each of which is optimized for some specific services and coverage area to provide ubiquitous communications to the mobile users. It is an important and challenging issue to support seamless handoff management in this integrated architecture. The existing handoff management protocols are not sufficient to guarantee handoff support that is transparent to the applications in NGWS. In this work, a cross-layer (Layer 2 + 3) handoff management protocol, CHMP, is developed to support seamless intra and intersystem handoff management in NGWS. Cross-layer handoff management protocol uses mobile's speed and handoff signaling delay information to enhance the handoff performance of Mobile IP that is proposed to support mobility management in wireless IP networks. First, the handoff performance of Mobile IP is analyzed with respect to its sensitivity to the link layer (Layer 2) and network layer (Layer 3) parameters. Then, a cross-layer handoff management architecture is developed using the insights learnt from the analysis. Based on this architecture, the detailed design of CHMP is carried out. Finally, extensive simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of CHMP. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that CHMP significantly enhances the performance of both intra and intersystem handoffs.     

Low-latency mobile IP handoff for infrastructure-mode wireless LANs

The increasing popularity of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (LANs) lends them credibility as a viable alternative to third-generation (3G) wireless technologies. Even though wireless LANs support much higher channel bandwidth than 3G networks, their network-layer handoff latency is still too high to be usable for interactive multimedia applications such as voice over IP or video streaming. Specifically, the peculiarities of commercially available IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN hardware prevent existing mobile Internet protocol (IP) implementations from achieving subsecond Mobile IP handoff latency when the wireless LANs are operating in the infrastructure mode, which is also the prevailing operating mode used in most deployed IEEE 802.11b LANs. In this paper, we propose a low-latency mobile IP handoff scheme that can reduce the handoff latency of infrastructure-mode wireless LANs to less than 100 ms, the fastest known handoff performance for such networks. The proposed scheme overcomes the inability of mobility software to sense the signal strengths of multiple-access points when operating in an infrastructure-mode wireless LAN. It expedites link-layer handoff detection and speeds up network-layer handoff by replaying cached foreign agent advertisements. The proposed scheme strictly adheres to the mobile IP standard specification, and does not require any modifications to existing mobile IP implementations. That is, the proposed mechanism is completely transparent to the existing mobile IP software installed on mobile nodes and wired nodes. As a demonstration of this technology, we show how this low-latency handoff scheme together with a wireless LAN bandwidth guarantee mechanism supports undisrupted playback of remote video streams on mobile stations that are traveling across wireless LAN segments.     

一种新的WLAN和GPRS融合的移动性管理方案

无线蜂窝网络和无线局域网的融合能充分利用两者的互补能力,提供更加全面的无线服务。本文针对GPRS蜂窝网络和无线局域网现有融合技术中的不足,提出了一种新的基于移动IP技术的松耦合移动性管理方案,旨在减少切换时延、解决三角路由等问题,将有利于移动通信网络的升级和演进发展。     

An Empirical Analysis of Handoff Performance for SIP,Mobile IP,and SCTP Protocols

Over the last decade, we have witnessed a growing interest in the design and deployment of various network architectures and protocols aimed at supporting mobile users as they move across different types of networks. One of the goals of these emerging network solutions is to provide uninterrupted, seamless connectivity to mobile users giving them the ability to access information anywhere, anytime. Handoff management, an important component of mobility management, is crucial in enabling such seamless mobility across heterogeneous network infrastructures. In this work, we investigate the handoff performance of three of the most widely used mobility protocols namely, Mobile IP, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Our empirical handoff tests were executed on an actual heterogeneous network testbed consisting of wired, wireless local area, and cellular networks using performance metrics such as handoff delay and handoff signaling time. Our empirical results reveal that Mobile IP yields the highest handoff delay among the three mobility protocols. In addition, we also found that SIP and SCTP yield 33 and 55% lower handoff delays respectively compared to Mobile IP.