北京市密云县部分幼儿园学龄前儿童口腔健康行为调查

龋病是我国学龄前儿童中最常见的慢性非传染性疾病,受多种因素影响,婴幼儿时期的喂养情况、饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯等因素都与儿童的口腔健康密切相关.     

长沙某住宅区幼儿园方案设计

从总图设计、平面设计和立面设计三个方面介绍了长沙某住宅小区幼儿园的设计方案。     

糖尿病周围神经病变患者的营养状况调查

目的 调查糖尿病周围神经病变患者的营养状况.方法 收集糖尿病周围神经病变患者入院时体质指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)4项营养指标并进行分析评定.结果 糖尿病周围神经病变患者营养不良的发生率为38.9%～53.3%.结论 糖尿病周围神经病变患者营养不良的发生率较高,对此提出了饮食护理的原则和建议.     

唐山市幼儿园英语教育现状调查研究

研究主要通过问卷调查法对唐山市幼儿园英语教育的现状进行了调查研究,根据问卷结果统计得出的结论是:进行幼儿英语教育必须明确英语教育的目的;遵循整体化原则和语言发展的规律;大力提高幼儿英语教师的素质.     

某矿岩体节理调查与统计分析

对某矿岩体节理情况进行了详细坑道调查与统计分析,获知了矿区粗安岩具有平均走向NE52°和NW 305°两组最为发育节理、泥质粉砂岩具有3组节理,粗安岩和泥质粉砂岩稳定性均良好,且粗安岩的稳定性高于泥质粉砂岩,研究成果为工程岩体力学特性分析、力学参数修正和采矿工程结构稳定性分析等研究提供了重要依据。     

某钨矿岩体结构面调查与分析

某钨矿经过几十年开采留下大量采空区,并存在较大安全隐患。通过对该矿岩体结构面工程地质调查和节理产状、节理间距统计及其对空区稳定性影响分析,认为结构弱面是影响该矿采空区稳定的重要因素之一。     

某钨矿山通风现状调查与研究

近20年来,由于有色金属行业的不景气导致钨矿山通风系统管理及技术改造严重滞后,致使大部分钨矿山通风系统不适应生产的需要。笔者对某钨矿山通风现状进行了总体评价,并提出合理可行的管理对策及技改建议,以利于改善该钨矿井下通风状况,为该钨矿的安全通风提供科学依据。     

贵州都匀某工程水文地质调查与研究

都匀市某工程距都匀市城区直距14km,为了评价工程建设对地下水环境的影响,采用地表调查、物探、钻探以及水质检测分析等手段对工程区开展了水文地质调查工作,并对工程施工、运行以及服务期满后对地下水环境影响进行了预测和评价,以期为工程建设提供水文地质方面的依据。     

陕西省农村6岁以下儿童营养状况两次调查结果比较

儿童营养不良不仅会造成儿童当前身体的发育迟缓,同时还会增加成年时期患许多慢性代谢性疾病的危险.我国0-5岁儿童的营养状况在过去10年中有了很大的改善,但在农村,儿童营养不良率依然很高.     

Breast-feeding and the nutritional status of nursing children in Chile

4-Pentafluoroethylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside is proposed as an efficient substrate for human leukocyte acid beta-glucosidase. Its synthesis is described. This substrate was compared directly with 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside synthesized by us earlier and with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside which is commonly used for acid beta-glucosidase activity assay. The specific activity of acid beta-glucosidase with 4-pentafluoroethylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside was 3- and 8-fold higher than it was with the substrates mentioned above. The kinetic parameters KM and VMAX for human leukocyte acid beta-glucosidase with the three substrates was determined. One possible application of the newly synthesized substrate is its use in the diagnosis of acid beta-glucosidase hereditary deficiency (Gaucher's disease).     

Social and social-cognitive correlates of sociometric status in preschool and kindergarten children.

Sociometric popularity was determined for 123 preschoolers and 111 kindergartners. Each S was then observed during free play for 6 10-sec time samples, each day, over 30 days for preschoolers and 25 days for kindergartners. The level of social and cognitive play observed was recorded, as well as the S's conversational partners, the initiator of the activity, and the affective quality of each social interchange. Social competence (as rated by teachers) and social problem-solving ability were also assessed. Analyses revealed peer rejection to be consistently related to agonistic behavior. Second, unpopular Ss were observed to engage in less mature forms of play and to interact less with others than were their more popular agemates. (French abstract) (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study

The safety of dietary protein and phosphorous restriction was evaluated in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. In Study A, 585 patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25 to 55 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomly assigned to a usual-protein diet (1.3 g/kg/day) or a low-protein diet (0.58 g/kg/day). In Study B, 255 patients with a GFR of 13 to 24 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomly assigned to the low-protein diet or a very-low-protein diet (0.28 g/kg/day), supplemented with a ketoacid-amino acid mixture (0.28 g/kg/day). The low-protein and very-low-protein diets were also low in phosphorus. Mean duration of follow-up was 2.2 years in both studies. Protein and energy intakes were lower in the low-protein and very-low-protein diet groups than in the usual-protein group. Two patients in Study B reached a "stop point" for malnutrition. There was no difference between randomized groups in the rates of death, first hospitalizations, or other "stop points" in either study. Mean values for various indices of nutritional status remained within the normal range during follow-up in each diet group. However, there were small but significant changes from baseline in some nutritional indices, and differences between the randomized groups in some of these changes. In the low-protein and very-low-protein diet groups, serum albumin rose, while serum transferrin, body wt, percent body fat, arm muscle area and urine creatinine excretion declined. Combining patients in both diet groups in each study, a lower achieved protein intake (from food and supplement) was not correlated with a higher rate of death, hospitalization or stop points, or with a progressive decline in any of the indices of nutritional status after controlling for baseline nutritional status and follow-up energy intake. These analyses suggest that the low-protein and very-low-protein diets used in the MDRD Study are safe for periods of two to three years. Nonetheless, both protein and energy intake declined and there were small but significant declines in various indices of nutritional status. These declines are of concern because of the adverse effect of protein calorie malnutrition in patients with end-stage renal disease. Physicians who prescribe low-protein diets must carefully monitor patients' protein and energy intake and nutritional status.     

Dietary intake and nutritional status of athletic and nonathletic children in early puberty

Dietary intakes, trace element status, and anthropometric measures were studied in 12- to 13-year-old boys (n = 49) playing ice hockey (AB) and in 11- to 12-year-old girls who were gymnasts, figure skaters, and runners (AG; n = 43). Thirty-five boys (CB) and 53 girls (CG) not involved in supervised sports were controls. After adjustment for sexual maturation, ABs had larger upper arm muscle circumference than CBs. The sum of four skinfolds was smaller in AGs than in CGs. The intake of energy and all micronutrients examined was higher in ABs than in CBs. Micronutrient intakes were not different between AGs and CGs. Compared to CBs, serum ferritin and copper concentrations were lower, but serum zinc concentration was higher in ABs. No differences in trace element status were found between AGs and CGs. Blood investigations did not indicate inadequate trace element status in any of the groups studied.     

Hygienic assessment of indicators of the nutritional status of Monchegorsk school children

Diets, energy expenditures, physical and mental performance, anthropometric indices, ascorbic acid excretion, and morbidity rates were studied in 7-9-year-old schoolchildren of Monchegorsk, Murmansk Region. The alimentary features found served as the basis for developing sanitary recommendations to optimize diets and to promote children's health.     

Serum and plasma markers of nutritional status in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether reduced serum or plasma protein and micronutrient levels are common in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and whether these levels are different in children with growth retardation compared to those with normal growth. SUBJECTS: Children were separated into three groups: (a) HIV-infected with growth retardation (HIV + Gr); (b) HIV-infected with normal growth (HIV+); (c) HIV-uninfected with normal growth (HIV-). All children were afebrile and free of acute infection at the time of study. During a 24-hour stay in the Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, blood was drawn for analysis of total protein, albumin, zinc, selenium, and vitamin A levels; growth measurements were obtained; and dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour weighed food intake and 24-hour dietary recall. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mean differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance, and differences in the frequency of nutrient deficiency were determined by chi 2 analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-eight children between 2 and 11 years of age were studied: 10 HIV + Gr, 18 HIV+, and 10 HIV-. No statistically significantly differences were noted in mean levels of albumin, prealbumin, zinc, and selenium. Mean serum level of vitamin A was significantly higher in the HIV + Gr group than in the other two groups. There were no significant differences between groups in the frequency of deficiency for any nutrient studied. Mean energy and nutrient intake was similar among groups. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal serum or plasma protein or micronutrient levels were uncommon in this cohort of HIV-infected children, even in children with growth retardation. Routine monitoring of the level of proteins and micronutrients studied is unnecessary in the absence of specific clinical indicators of deficiency.     

Influence of nutritional status on the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolites in children with autoimmune disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum measures of nitric oxide production correlate with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We assayed the levels of serum nitrate/nitrite from 26 patients with SLE followed for 1-3 years and nitrotyrosine levels in sera from 28 additional patients with SLE; sera from 19 controls were tested in both assays. Lupus disease activity was determined via the physician's global assessment, the Lupus Activity Index, and the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) at the time of serum collection for the initial set of 26 patients. Statistical correlations were determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum method and one-way ANOVA testing. RESULTS: Serum levels of nitrate/nitrite were significantly higher in 26 patients with SLE compared to 19 controls (SLE, mean 29.5 microM/ml, range 1-438; controls, mean 9.6 microM/ml, range 0-51; p = 0.0004). Overall, there was a significant correlation between serum nitrate/nitrite levels and SLEDAI scores (p = 0.0065). Renal variables within the SLEDAI had the highest correlation with serum nitrate/nitrite (p = 0.0028). Serum nitrotyrosine levels were also significantly higher in patients with SLE versus controls (p = 0.007) and in active SLE versus those with inactive SLE (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Serum nitrate/nitrite levels correlated with SLE disease activity, especially nephritis, in the majority of patients studied. Serum nitrotyrosine levels also differentiated controls from patients with lupus and patients with active from those with inactive disease. Due to the ease and low cost of these assays, serum measures of nitric oxide production appear a potentially useful adjunctive laboratory measure of disease activity in SLE and further implicate nitric oxide as an important mediator of disease in SLE.     

Causal attribution of emotion in kindergarten children.

A measure of causal attribution of emotion using a simple, realistic task with responses requested in segments was employed to investigate kindergartners' understanding of the causes of emotions in others. Results challenge previous research suggesting that preoperational children cannot demonstrate an understanding of causality. Significant, positive correlations between causal attribution scores and teacher ratings of role-taking ability for girls suggested a relationship between causal attribution of emotion and social role-taking skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Association between blood pressure and dietary factors in the dietary and nutritional survey of British adults

During the last few decades, the industrial production and use of Cd resulted in the release of significant quantities of Cd into the environment. Concern about health risks of human exposure to this toxic metal, which may be contained in soil and other environmental compartments, has increased significantly in recent years. Soil ingestion is a potentially important pathway of exposure to soil-absorbed environmental contaminants, especially for young children exhibiting hand-to-mouth behavior. Health risk assessments are usually based on unchanged bioavailability of soil-absorbed pollutants, e.g., heavy metals, neglecting interactions of metals with the soil matrix, which may lead to relatively lower bioavailability. This study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cd absorbed to soil in rats. Eight-week-old male Lewis rats were given either a soil polluted with CdCl2 (150 micrograms Cd/rat) dissolved in 5% gun acacia or an equal amount of Cd as CdCl2 dissolved in saline. Control rats were gavaged with isotonic saline. Cd concentrations in liver, kidney, brain, heart, and blood, as well as Cd content of urine and feces were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Tissue Cd concentrations in soil-treated animals were significantly lower than the tissue concentrations in the Cd-saline group; in the liver and kidneys of the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups, 4 and 2.7% respectively, of the original doses were recovered. Relative bioavailability, calculated on the basis of blood Cd levels for the Cd-soil group as compared to the Cd-saline group, appeared to be 43%. No differences in the excretion pattern of Cd into feces were observed between the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups. After 6 days, over 91% of the original dose was recovered in the feces of both Cd-treated groups. Cd excretion via urine was very low, but in the Cd-soil group a significant increase in urinary Cd was observed as compared to the control group. However, the amount of Cd excreted into urine of the Cd-soil group during the experimental period corresponded to only 0.01% of the original dose. In the Cd-saline group, no additional Cd was excreted into urine as compared to the control group. These results indicate that the soil matrix significantly reduced the absorption of Cd in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, exposure assessment models, assuming an unaffected bioavailability of soil-absorbed Cd, overestimate the internal dose and thereby overestimate health risks associated with direct ingestion of soil particles.