镍铬合金薄膜的研究进展

镍铬合金薄膜是重要的精密电阻和应变电阻薄膜材料.简述了镍铬合金薄膜的3种制备方法:真空蒸发沉积、磁控溅射沉积和离子束沉积;讨论了基底、工作气压、沉积时间等薄膜制备工艺参数以及退火工艺对薄膜性能的影响.重点叙述了镍铬合金薄膜、改良型镍铬合金膜、含氮镍铬合金膜、镍铬合金多层膜和纳米镍铬合金薄膜等膜系的特征.阐明了制备具有高电阻率、低电阻温度系数、高应变灵敏系数、良好的热稳定性等优异综合性能的镍铬合金薄膜的新工艺发展趋势.     

离子束辅助沉积制备TiO2—Nb2OT氧敏薄膜

采用离子束辅助沉积方法在Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷衬底上制备了ＴｉＯ２－Ｎｂ２Ｏ５的氧敏薄膜。考察了薄膜组分比及退火温度对薄膜氧敏特性和结果的影响。电阻－氧分压特性测试结果表明，纯Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜的氧敏特性优于纯ＴｉＯ２薄膜；掺入少量的Ｔｉ可使Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜的氧敏特性提高，以５ｍｏｌ％ＴｉＯ２掺杂的Ｎｂ２Ｏ５薄膜最佳；     

退火温度对铟锡合金薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用铟锡合金作为溅射源,通过直流反应磁控溅射和在大气环境下高温退火,制备出了性能优良的ＩＴＯ薄膜,其太阳光谱透射率大于９０％。在放电参数、工作气体压力、反应气体流量、沉积时间等工艺参数相同的条件下,研究了退火温度对薄膜表面形貌、化学成分、晶体结构、光学和电学性能的影响。     

退火工艺对磁控溅射生长的Pt薄膜微观结构及电性能的影响

铂(Pt)是温度传感器常见的敏感材料。为了改善退火工艺提高Pt薄膜的电学特性,采用射频磁控溅射法在蓝宝石衬底上制备了以钽(Ta)为粘附层的Pt敏感薄膜,研究了不同退火温度、退火气氛和退火时间下的Pt薄膜结构以及电学性能方面的差异。结果表明:退火增强了薄膜的结晶化且使晶粒发生长大,从而有效降低了薄膜的电阻率。但过度退火,如退火温度超过1 000℃或过长的退火时间,会导致粘附层中的Ta元素向Pt薄膜中过度扩散,从而增加Pt薄膜的电阻率。在高纯N_2(99.999%)、超纯N_2(99.999 9%)及空气三种气氛中退火,结果发现在空气中退火的Pt薄膜电阻率最小,原因是空气中的氧元素在高温下穿过Pt薄膜扩散至Ta粘附层,形成了稳定的Ta_2O_5相,Ta元素向Pt薄膜的扩散减少。退火还提升了薄膜电阻随温度变化的线性度及其电阻温度系数(TCR),在空气中900℃退火1 h,Pt薄膜的TCR达到3.909×10~(-3)/℃,接近于块状Pt材料的值。此结果对提高Pt薄膜温度传感器的灵敏度具有重要意义。     

反应离子束溅射沉积和还原退火工艺制备VO_x多晶薄膜

通过反应离子溅射沉积和后退火工艺制备出优质微测辐射热计用的氧化钒薄膜。对薄膜退火前后进行了扫描电子显微镜分析,结果表明,制备的VOx多晶薄膜致密均匀,退火后晶粒尺寸变大。电学测试表明,在室温时薄膜的方块电阻约为50kΩ,电阻温度系数为-0.022/K,满足制作高性能微测辐射热计的要求。     

含氯气氛退火对CdTe薄膜性质影响的交流阻抗研究

对近空间升华制备的CdTe薄膜进行了CdCl2气氛下热处理。测量了样品在室温下的交流阻抗特性,基于恒相位角元件（CPE）等效电路拟合所测量的复阻抗谱,分析了退火工艺对CdTe薄膜的晶粒体电阻、晶界电阻、弛豫时间的影响。结果表明,随退火温度的增加,晶粒电阻增大,晶界电阻减小,弛豫时间缩短。     

CdZnTe晶体表面Au电极薄膜的制备及其欧姆接触性质

为了研究不同制备工艺对电极欧姆接触特性的影响, 分别采用真空蒸发法、溅射法及化学沉积法在CdZnTe晶片表面制备了Au薄膜电极, 通过测试样品的SEM、I-V曲线及交流阻抗谱, 研究了不同电极制备工艺及退火处理对Au薄膜电极的微观结构及欧姆接触特性的影响。结果表明化学沉积法制备的Au薄膜表面更加平整、致密, 接触势垒的高度较低, 电极欧姆接触特性最好。退火处理可以改善电极的欧姆接触特性, 100℃退火后, 化学沉积法制备的Au电极的欧姆系数由0.883提高至0.915, 势垒高度由0.492降低至0.487 eV。交流阻抗谱分析表明, 化学沉积法制备电极具有最低的接触势垒, 这与界面处晶片表面的掺杂及缺陷的变化有关。     

超声喷雾热解法制备半导体薄膜技术

超声喷雾热解法(USP)作为一种新兴的薄膜制备技术,已制备出多种半导体薄膜材料,并成功应用于太阳能电池、传感器、固态氧化物燃料电池等领域。介绍了USP制备薄膜技术的原理,结合近年来USP技术在半导体薄膜制备领域的研究进展,系统阐述了超声喷雾热解法制备薄膜的原理、工艺过程及在此过程中发生的物理化学变化,详细分析了前驱体溶液化学组成、沉积温度、退火处理等各个工艺参数对薄膜沉积过程和成膜质量的影响,指出了该技术目前存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

直流磁控溅射制备SnO2薄膜的阻变特性研究

采用直流磁控溅射法在Pt/Ti/SiO2基片上分别以三种不同的基板温度和后热处理工艺制备了二氧化锡(SnO2)薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪对三种薄膜的晶格结构进行了分析表征,通过Keithley 4200半导体参数分析仪对薄膜的阻变特性进行了测试。实验结果表明:三种制备条件下的SnO2薄膜均具有阻变性能,基板温度350℃和850℃退火处理分别制备的薄膜同时具有良好的写入/擦除电压分布一致性、较好的高阻态阻值离散性和较大的开关比。初步讨论了三种薄膜阻变特性的机理,薄膜内部导电细丝的形成和断裂程度不同造成三种薄膜高低阻态电阻分布不同,同时影响了写入与擦除阈值电压的分布一致性等阻变参数。     

退火温度对TiO2基电阻开关器件性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在n+-Si上制备了TiO2薄膜,采用电子束蒸发镀膜仪在TiO2薄膜上沉积Au电极,获得了Au/TiO2/n+-Si结构的器件.研究了退火温度对薄膜结晶性能及器件电阻开关特性的影响.Au/TiO2/n+-Si结构的器件具有单极性电阻开关特性,置位(set)电压,复位(reset)电压、reset电流及功率的大小随退火温度的不同而不同,并基于灯丝理论对器件的电阻开关效应的工作机理进行了探讨.研究结果表明,500℃退火的器件具有良好的非易失性.器件高低阻态的阻值比大于103,其信息保持特性可达10年之久.在读写次数为100次时,器件仍具有电阻开关效应.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.