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《中国煤炭》2021,(1)
我国西北地区煤矿矿区生态环境脆弱,尤其是浅埋煤层进行开采时,上覆岩层突水溃砂频发,造成重大的人身伤亡和经济损失。以西北转龙湾煤矿23105工作面为研究区,基于熵权法和GIS技术,选取了砂层厚度、含水层富水性、有效隔水层厚度和煤层采厚等4个指标作为影响研究区浅埋煤层工作面突水溃砂危险性的关键因素,建立了基于熵权法和GIS技术的浅埋煤层突水溃砂危险性评价模型,对研究区突水溃砂危险性进行了分区评价。根据模型评价结果与依据"三下规范"评价结果进行对比,结果表明:浅埋煤层工作面突水溃砂危险性多因素分区评价更加充分地考虑突水溃砂的诱发条件,得出了23105工作面突水溃砂危险性处于相对安全-极高危险,工作面从南至北、自东南向西北危险性逐渐减小的趋势,有利于有针对性地防治突水溃砂,在不同分区内采用最适当的工程防治措施。 相似文献
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为了全面评价煤层底板突水危险性,选取断层密度、断层导水性、裂隙发育程度、承压水水压、含水层富水性、岩溶发育程度、强水源补给、隔水层厚度、隔水层强度、隔水层完整性、开采厚度、开采深度、工作面斜长等13个因子作为影响底板突水的主要因素,以物元理论、可拓集合论和关联函数运算为基础,建立了煤矿开采底板突水危险性等级评价的物元模型。应用该模型对淮北某矿3612工作面底板突水危险性进行评价,验证了其正确性。选取近年来煤层底板突水的典型案例作进一步的应用分析,其结果与实际相吻合。基于可拓评判法的煤层底板突水危险性分类具有较高可靠度和实用性,研究结果为煤层底板突水危险性分类提供了一种新的思路和方法。 相似文献
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为了提高煤层底板突水预测评价信息系统的准确性与普遍适用性,在系统分析煤层底板突水主控因素指标体系及煤层底板突水预测方法的基础上,结合GIS与数据库技术,对煤层底板水文地质数据管理、主控因素专题图制图表达、AHP层次分析法、基于常权理论的煤层底板突水脆弱性评价模型、基于局部变权理论的煤层底板突水脆弱性评价模型及突水系数法评价等问题进行深入的研究,最终实现了基于GIS的煤层底板突水脆弱性预测评价信息系统的设计与研发,为煤层底板突水预测分析提供技术支持,进一步为煤矿安全生产部门针对煤层底板突水防治提供决策依据。 相似文献
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分析总结了矿井煤层底板突水的影响因素,在系统收集与分析矿井水文地质资料的基础上,确定了影响张村煤矿二1煤层底板突水的主要因素。对水压、地质构造、隔水层厚度、采动矿压等因素进行了定量评价,借助于地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析工具,引入多源信息复合方法,建立了煤层底板突水危险性评价模型,并根据张村煤矿二1煤层底板的各影响因素的实际数据,对其底板寒灰突水危险性进行了评价,获取了有效的突水危险性评价结果。 相似文献
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在我国华北型石炭—二叠系煤田中,煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水现象尤为突出。为准确地评价煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水危险性,防治煤矿水害事故,实现承压水体上煤层安全开采。基于未知测度-集对分析理论,选用含水层厚度、单位涌水量、充水含水层渗透性、水压、断层影响因子、含水层厚度、含水层岩性组合特征以及底板破坏深度8个指标评价煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水危险性。采用有序二元比较量化法和区间数模糊决策矩阵EA-TOPSIS排序模型分别确定煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水主控因素权重。在此基础之上,基于冲突证据理论将二者进行耦合,得到煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水主控因素组合权重,保证了对动态模型指标相对重要性的有效评价。基于未知测度-集对分析理论,构建单指标直线型未知测度函数及非直线型未知测度函数,并以新汶煤田煤层开采为例,将30个监测点处实测的8个指标值代入,建立多指标综合测度矩阵。引入"置信度"评价准则判定样本数据X_i所属的危险性等级。并通过集对分析,进一步表征新汶煤田煤层开采过程中煤层底板灰岩岩溶突水风险总体态势。研究表明,评价结果与矿山实际情况相吻合。在此基础之上,依据搜集的大量华北煤矿突水案例,以其中典型的15个为例,将建立的模型推广到整个华北煤田底板突水危险性的评价。通过与矿井实际突水情况对比可以发现,模型确定的矿井突水危险性等级与实际相吻合,表明该模型对于评价整个华北煤田底板灰岩岩溶突水危险性具有一定的适宜性。 相似文献
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通过分析井工三矿39201工作面及所在矿井的地质、水文地质特征,确定了影响工作面煤层底板突水的各主控因素。使用单一的客观或者主观赋权方法在突水危险性评价中有着缺陷,难免会造成评价结果的主观随意性过大或者太注重数据本身,导致客观性太强。为确保井工三矿39201工作面底板突水危险性科学可靠的分区评价,结合2种主客观赋权法的优点,采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)、熵值法的综合权重确定方法,确定各主控因素对井工三矿39201工作面底板突水危险性影响的权重大小,避免了单一使用主观或客观权重确定方法的不全面性。然后应用GIS的空间分析、数据处理功能,以及多因素融合的矿井底板突水评价方法--脆弱性指数法,对工作面突水危险性进行分区与评价。 相似文献
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Risk Assessment of Water Inrush in an Underground Coal Mine Based on GIS and Fuzzy Set Theory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A systematic method was developed to evaluate the risk of water inrush through a coal seam floor using the geographic information system (GIS) and the fuzzy set theory. The main geological and hydrogeological indicators that control water inrush were first considered using a fuzzy mathematics approach, in which fractal analysis was carried out to quantify the fault’s characteristics. The degree of membership was determined using GIS, the weight of every factor was considered by calculating the entropy in accordance with Shannon’s information entropy theory, and the level of risk of the evaluated object was derived using the maximum membership principle. The approach was validated by a case study at the Chensilou mine in Henan Province, China, where the aquifers that underlie an exploitable coal seam, II2, were made impermeable by grouting. Data from Nov. 2014 to April 2016 shows that the risk of water inrush was reduced in Panel 2517 of the II2 coal seam, that there were no serious disturbances in this panel and no groundwater inrush through the floor. This method can be a powerful tool for systematically assessing the risk of water inrush through the floor, since the influence of several factors can be quantitatively considered in accordance with the geological and mining conditions. 相似文献
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Qiuyu Lu Xiaoqin Li Wenping Li Wei Chen Luanfei Li Shiliang Liu 《Mine Water and the Environment》2018,37(2):288-299
Water that accumulates in the void space where overburden strata separate can be an inrush source. We established an engineering geology model of bed-separation water inrush, and chose five factors (hard rock thickness, coal seam thickness, aquifuge thickness, aquifer thickness and hydrostatic head) as risk factors. Additionally, based on an analysis of hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions at two areas in the Yangliu coal mine, the comprehensive weight values of these factors were found to be 0.32, 0.24, 0.18, 0.15, and 0.11, respectively, using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and entropy method. Finally, the data were normalized, and a zoning map for risk evaluation was created using the space superposition function of GIS. This method was further used to evaluate the risk at the Haizi coal mine, and the results were in accordance with an inrush disaster that occurred at the 745 working face at that mine. This validated the model’s practical applications. This provides mines with strategies to prevent and control bed-separation water inrush. 相似文献
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Luwang Chen Xiaoqing Feng Dongqing Xu Wen Zeng Zhiyuan Zheng 《Mine Water and the Environment》2018,37(4):786-795
The complex geological and hydrogological conditions under the unconsolidated and confined aquifer in the Qidong coal mine have resulted in serious water-inrush hazards. Multi-information superposition was used to predict water inrush areas. Six controlling factors (the specific yield, the effective thickness and load transfer coefficient of the aquifer, the fractal dimensional value of bedrock faults, the effective thickness of the protective bedrock layer, and the distance between the key hard stratum and the primary mineable coal seam) were selected, and a multi-information superposition model was established. Relatively safe areas and medium and higher risk areas were identified using a geographic information system (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Using the no. 71 primary coal seam in the northern portion of the Qidong mine as an example, the water-inrush areas predicted by the model aligned with observed conditions, which validates the multi-information superposition model. Potential inrush areas of the no. 61, 82, and 9 primary coal seams in the southern portion of the Qidong mine were subsequently identified using this method, which will aid future mining operation. 相似文献
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沙曲煤矿山西组煤层开采过程中,煤层顶底板砂岩含水层构成煤层开采时的直接充水含水层.这是沙曲煤矿山西组煤炭资源综放开采必须关注的一个问题.并且煤层上覆岩层由裂隙砂岩、泥岩和煤系共同构成,此类复合结构覆岩的工程地质性质和覆岩破坏特性不同,可能成为煤矿开采水害预防和地表塌陷离层注浆治理的有利条件,也可能会对开采造成安全问题.综合分析了沙曲煤矿山西组煤层剖面、平面和水力内边界的水文地质特征,通过GIS多因素拟合建立了煤层开采覆岩破坏"两带"高度的预计模型,在对山西组4#、5#煤层开采矿井充水条件研究的基础上,分析了充水水源和充水通道,并对煤层安全开采影响程度进行了评价,并针对性地提出了相应的防治水措施. 相似文献
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煤矿开采存在底板带压条件下,能否安全开采,最常用的评价方法是突水系数法。但由于煤层底板突水影响的因素多,在水文地质复杂的情况下,突水系数法还存在一定的局限性。综合考虑水压、隔水层底板厚度、岩性组合及特征、导升高度、煤岩层产状、构造等自然条件,以及工作面的采长、开采后的底板破坏深度等人为因素对煤层底板隔水能力的影响,采用有效阻水系数法评价了太原西峪煤矿9号煤开采的间接底板奥陶系峰峰组岩溶水突水危险性,其评价结果与实际情况对比分析表明,有效阻水系数法评价更加合理,是复杂水文地质条件煤层底板突水安全性评价的有效方法。 相似文献
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通过对平沟煤矿16#煤充水水源、充水通道、底板岩层组合及阻水性能进行分析,采用"突水系数法"及"强渗通道说",对16#煤带压开采突水危险性进行了评价,采用FLAC3D软件对16#煤开采时断层及承压水耦合作用下的底板破坏效应进行了数值模拟,提出了带压开采危险区域防治底板突水的措施。 相似文献
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为揭示突水发生的力学机理,以矿区典型地质剖面为基础,运用FLAC3D软件建立二维有限差数值模拟模型,通过数值模拟方法,对不同开采阶段岩石巷道围岩应力进行模拟计算,并分析其突水发生的可能类型和方式.结果表明,处于地质体内不同部位的岩石巷道围岩应力的变化与主采煤层的开挖过程有条件地相关,以致其突水类型也有所不同;位于断层上盘的通风道处围岩应力易受开采条件和开采进度的影响,并易于产生由采动诱发所引起的突发性突水灾害事故,其突水水源为奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙承压水;而位于断层下盘的电车道处围岩应力受开采影响较小,其突水水源为煤层顶板、底板薄层状裂隙承压水. 相似文献