微量元素对Al-1.2Mg-1.3Si-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金组织性能的影响

The effects of impurity element of Fe and microelements of Zn, Cr and Ti on the constituents,dispersoids, grain size, mechanical properties and formability of Al-1.3Mg-1.2Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy were investigated in the present work by analyzing microstructures, phase composition, mechanical tests. The resuits indicated that with the increase of Fe content, the insoluble constituents increased, and the mechanical properties and r15 of alloy sheets debased, which can be recovered by the addition of microelements Zn, Cr and Ti. Al-1.3Mg-1.2Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy sheets in the T4 temper are difficult to strengthen with paint -bake treatment in automobile factory.     

Al-3Si-0.6Mg-(Cu,Mn)合金薄板的组织性能

采用拉伸试验、金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜高分辨组织分析方法,研究了水冷铜模铸造的扁锭轧制的Al-3.0Si-0.6Mg-0.4Cu-0.6Mn-0.18Fe合金薄板经400℃至540℃不同温度保温30 min水淬、室温停放90 d(自然时效)后的组织和性能.结果表明:在6009合金基础上提高Si的质量分数至3%,有提高其强度的作用;该合金薄板经540℃×30 min固溶处理自然时效后屈服强度为180 MPa、抗拉强度为313 MPa、延伸率接近23%,其组织中存在Si结晶相及含Fe、Mn和少量Cu、Si的结晶相,以及尺寸小于0.5μm的以含Mn为主并含少量Si和Fe的弥散相;提高其固溶处理温度至540℃,合金薄板的强度明显提高,其原因是析出强化产物尺寸增大,密度提高了.     

合金元素对Al-Si合金力学性能及组织的影响

采用正交试验方法研究Ni、Cr及Zn三种合金元素对Al-7.5Si-3.5Cu-0.35 Mg亚共晶铸造铝硅合金力学性能影响,并用SEM和EDX对加入微量合金后的铸态组织进行观察与分析。结果表明,最优配比为Ni0.02Cr0.03Zn0.2。在合金铸态组织中,Ni、Cr、Zn元素形成复杂的灰白色短棒状或粒状ω相,中和了Fe的有害作用,并且在合金拉伸变形时,可以阻碍位错的运动,对合金基体有一定的强化作用。     

Effect of phosphorus modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DC cast Al-17.5Si-4.5Cu-1Zn-0.7Mg-0.5Ni alloy

Direct chill (DC) casting of an Al-17.5Si-4.5Cu-1Zn-0.7Mg-0.5Ni alloy with minor additions of Zr, V and Ti was performed and the effect of phosphorus modification on the solidification microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the addition of phosphorus refines the primary Si crystals remarkably but coarsens the eutectic Si in the DC cast billets. In the samples taken in 1/2 radius region of the billets of 100 mm in diameter, the average size of the primary Si particles in the unmodified alloy is 38 μm, while that in the modified alloys range from 13 to 26 μm, depending on the melt treatment time. The AlP particles as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the primary Si crystals were observed in the center of the primary Si particles. In the modified alloy, the achieved ultimate tensile strength is 320MPa and 433MPa respectively in the as-cast state and T6 state. The size of the primary Si particles is critical for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the alloy.     

高能球磨制备高铝锌铝合金粉末的研究

首先采用一步球磨法制备了成分为Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu(质量分数/%)和Zn-30Al-3Si-3Cu(质量分数/%)的高铝锌铝合金粉末,其次采用二步球磨法制备了成分为Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu(质量分数/%)的合金粉末,并利用XRD、SEM粒度分析仪对粉末的物相组成、颗粒形貌及粒度进行了表征和分析。结果表明:含硅量为6%的合金粉末的颗粒尺寸比含硅量为3%的合金粉末更为细小,尺寸分布更为集中,球磨12h之后的粉末其金相组织主要由富Al的α相、富Zn的η相以及Si相组成。经过二步球磨后的Zn-30Al-6Si-0.5Cu粉末中Al9Si相基本消失,Si相含量增加;二步球磨法制备的粉末颗粒尺寸更为细小。通过扫描电镜观察发现粉末形貌不规则,且分布不够均匀,粉末中基本未观察到类似焊片的颗粒。     

Development of single-phased copper alloy for seawater applications: As a cost-effective substitute for Cu-10Ni alloy

Cu-10Ni alloy is a standard material for seawater application. Under Indian scenario, where half of copper and whole of Ni (and Cu-Ni) requirement is met by imports, search for a cheaper substitute is obvious. An attempt has been made to develop a single-phased copper alloy containing 10 wt% Ni, 29 wt% Zn, up to 5 wt% Mn and 1 wt% Fe as a substitute to Cu-10wt% Ni-1wt% Fe alloy. Studies on Corrosion resistance of test alloys were carried out in synthetic seawater (ASTM D 114-75) by electro-chemical methods (cathodic and anodic polarization). Corrosion product film formed on alloy containing 5wt% Mn was characterized by SEM and XRD. A film of Cu₂O was found to form on the surface of the alloy, which accords corrosion protection. The test alloys containing 29 wt% Zn and 3 or 5 wt% Mn have exhibited better corrosion resistance in synthetic seawater than Cu-10Ni alloy. The role of Mn and Zn addition has been discussed.     

Effect of Combined Addition of Cu and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3Mg Alloy

In this study, an ultrasonic cavitation based dispersion technique was used to fabricate Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloyed with Cu and reinforced with 1 wt pct Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, in order to investigate their influence on the mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy. The combined addition of 0.5 pct Cu with 1 pct Al₂O₃ nanoparticles increased the yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility of the as-cast Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy, mostly due to grain refinement and modification of the eutectic Si and θ-CuAl₂ phases. Moreover, Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.5Cu-1 pct Al₂O₃ nanocomposites after T6 heat treatment showed a significant enhancement of ductility (increased by 512 pct) and tensile strength (by 22 pct). The significant enhancement of properties is attributed to the suppression of pore formation and modification of eutectic Si phases due to the addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. However, the yield strength of the T6 heat-treated nanocomposites was limited in enhancement due to a reaction between Mg and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles.     

The effect of Sr and Fe additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a direct squeeze cast Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy

This article describes the results of an investigation into the microstructure and mechanical properties of a gravity die cast and direct squeeze cast LM25 alloy (Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.3Fe). The direct squeeze cast LM25 alloy has superior mechanical properties compared to the gravity die cast LM25 alloy, especially with regard to ductility, which is increased from ∼1.7 pct for the gravity die cast LM25 alloy to ∼8.0 pct for the direct squeeze cast LM25 alloy in the T6 heat-treated condition. This increase in ductility is due to (1) the removal of porosity, (2) a decrease in Si particle size, and (3) a refinement of the Fe-Si-aluminide particles. High cooling rates in direct squeeze casting result in quench modification of the Si particles, such that chemical modification with Sr or Na may not be required. In addition, direct squeeze casting is more tolerant of Fe impurities in the alloy, due to the formation of smaller Fe-Si-aluminide particles than those in gravity die cast material. The direct squeeze cast LM25+Fe alloy (Al-7Si-0.3Mg-1.0Fe) has a ductility of ∼6.5 pct, compared to that of ∼0.5 pct for the gravity die cast LM25 + Fe alloy in the T6 heat-treated condition. This increase in tolerance to Fe impurities can lead to a substantial reduction in manufacturing costs due to (1) reduced raw-material costs, (2) reduced die sticking, and (3) improved die life.     

Ni元素对Al-Cu-Mn合金组织及力学性能的影响

为研究添加Ni元素对Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn合金组织及力学性能的影响,通过硬度试验、拉伸力学试验及摩擦磨损试验对合金力学性能进行研究;采用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜及透射电子显微镜对合金微观组织进行检测分析。结果表明：向Al-5.0Cu-0.6Mn合金中添加Ni元素后,由于Al₃CuNi相析出的强化作用,并且与基体结合良好的增强相颗粒能均匀分布于合金中,使得合金硬度和强度大幅提高,摩擦磨损深度显著降低,综合力学性能得到有效的提升。当Ni元素的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时,由于T相(Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃)和Al₃CuNi相分布比较均匀,合金综合性能较为理想,其HV硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦磨损系数分别为126.4 MPa、395.2 MPa、0.12。     

Quasicrystalline and related crystalline phases in a rapidly solidified 2024-2Li aluminium alloy

The formation and decomposition of quasicrystalline and crystalline phases in as-rapidly solidified and annealed commercial AISI 2024 aluminium alloy containing 2 wt% Li have been investigated by detailed transmission electron microscopy, including a combination of bright field and dark field imaging, selected area diffraction pattern analysis and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The microstructure of as-melt spun 2024-2Li consists of α-Al cell, containing small coherent δ′ precipitates, and particles or a continuous network of the icosahedral phase at the cell boundaries. After annealing at 300°C, the intercellular particles of the icosahedral phase coarsen progressively and assume a more faceted shape; after annealing at 400°C, particles of the decagonal and crystalline O phases precipitate heterogeneously on preexisting particles of the icosahedral phase; and after annealing at 500°C, the icosahedral and decagonal phases dissolve completely, and small particles of the crystalline O phase remain together with newly precipitated plates of the T₁ phase. The icosahedral phase in melt spun and melt spun/annealed 2024-2Li belongs to the Al₆CuLi₃ class of icosahedral phases, with a quasilattice constant of 0.51 nm, a stoichiometry of (Al,Si)₆(Cu, Mn, Fe) (Li, Mg)₃ and an average composition of Al-24.1 at.% Cu-64 at.% Mg-1.7 at.% Si-0.3 at.% Mn-0.5 at.% Fe as melt spun and Al-21.9 at.% Cu-6.3 at.% Mg-1.0 at.% Si-0.5 at.% Fe as-heat-treated. The decagonal phase in melt spun/annealed 2024-2Li belongs to the Al₄Mn class of decagonal phases, with a periodicity of 1.23 nm along the 10-fold symmetry axis, a stoichoimetry of Al₃(Cu, Mn, Fe) and an average composition of Al-10.3 at.% Cu-13.8 at.% Mn-2.3 at.% Fe. The crystalline O phase in melt spun/annealed 2024-2Li has an orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters of a = 2.24 nm, b = 2.35 nm and c = 1.23 nm, a stoichiometry of Al₃(Cu, Mn, Fe), and an average composition of Al-11.0 at.% Cu-14.8 at.% Mn-3.9 at.% Fe. Detailed analysis of selected area diffraction patterns shows a close similarity between the icosahedral, decagonal and crystalline O phases in melt spun and melt spun/annealed 2024-2Li. In particular, the decagonal phase and crystalline O phases have a similar composition, and exhibit an orientation relationship which can be expressed as:

• •[D10]//[001]_o
• •[D2_a]//[100]_o
• •[D2_b]//[010]_o

suggesting that the orthorhombic O phase is an approximant structure for the decagonal phase.     

Mn含量对粉末冶金铁铜碳低合金钢组织与力学性能的影响

采用铜粉、石墨粉和铁粉为原料,以Fe-74.8Mn-6.9C中间合金粉的形式加入Mn元素,制备粉末冶金Fe-x Mn-(2-x)Cu-0.3C(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1。质量分数,%)低合金钢,研究Mn含量对该合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金组织由铁素体和珠光体构成。加入含Mn中间合金粉对混合原料粉末的压制性能没有明显影响。随Mn含量增加,合金中孔隙的数量增多,尺寸变大;合金密度先升高后降低,Mn含量为0.4%时合金密度最大,达到7.24 g/cm~3;合金硬度先升高后降低,Mn含量为0.6%时硬度最大;合金抗弯强度下降,冲击韧性升高,Mn含量超过0.4%时二者变化均较小。因此Fe-0.6Mn-1.4Cu-0.3C合金具有较好的综合性能,硬度(HRB)和冲击韧性分别达到57.4和8.80 J/cm~2,比Fe-2Cu-0.3C合金分别提高5.3和0.82 J/cm~2,材料呈部分韧性断裂特征。     

Effect of squeeze casting process on microstructures and flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy

The effects of squeeze casting process on microstructure and flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy were investigated and the hot-compression tests of gravity casting and squeeze casting alloy were carried out at 350-500°C and 0.001-5s-1.The results show that microstructures of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloys were obviously improved by squeeze casting.Due to the decrease of coarse primary Si particles,softα-Al dendrite as well as the fine microstructures appeared,and the mechanical properties of squeeze casting alloys were improved.However,when the strain rate rises or the deformation temperature decreases,the flow stress increases and it was proved that the alloy is a positive strain rate sensitive material.It was deduced that compared with the gravity casting alloy,squeeze casting alloy(solidified at 632 MPa)is more difficult to deform since the flow stress of squeeze casting alloy is higher than that of gravity casting alloy when the deformation temperature exceeds 400°C.Flow stress behavior of Al-17.5Si-4Cu-0.5Mg alloy can be described by a hyperbolic sine form with Zener-Hollomon parameter,and the average hot deformation activation energy Q of gravity casting alloy and squeeze casting alloy is 278.97 and 308.77kJ/mol,respectively.     

快速凝固铝锂合金粉末特性对其挤压村组织和性能的影响

采用一种快速冷凝装置研制了Al-2.5Li-1.6Cu-1.2Mg-0.2Zr合金粉末及合金。探讨了合金粉末特性及其对快速凝固铝锂合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。采用片状粉末制备的这种快速凝固铝理合金,具有较好的强塑性综合力学性能。     

A metallographic study of porosity and fracture behavior in relation to the tensile properties in 319.2 end chill castings

A metallographic study of the porosity and fracture behavior in unidirectionally solidified end chill castings of 319.2 aluminum alloy (Al-6.2 pct Si-3.8 pct Cu-0.5 pct Fe-0.14 pct Mn-0.06 pct Mg-0.073 pct Ti) was carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their relationship with the tensile properties. The parameters varied in the production of these castings were the hydrogen (∼0.1 and ∼0.37 mL/100 g Al), modifier (0 and 300 ppm Sr), and grain refiner (0 and 0.02 wt pct Ti) concentrations, as well as the solidification time, which increased with increasing distance from the end chill bottom of the casting, giving dendrite arm spacings (DASs) ranging from ∼15 to ∼95 /im. Image analysis and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed for quantification of porosity/microstructural constituents and fracture surface analysis (phase identification), respectively. The results showed that the local solidification time(viz. DAS) significantly influences the ductility at low hydrogen levels; at higher levels, however, hydro-gen has a more pronounced effect (porosity related) on the drop in ductility. Porosity is mainly observed in the form of elongated pores along the grain boundaries, with Sr increasing the porosity volume percent and grain refining increasing the probability for pore branching. The beneficial effect of Sr modification, however, improves the alloy ductility. Fracture of the Si, β-Al₅FeSi, α- Al₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si₂, and Al₂Cu phases takes place within the phase particles rather than at the particle/Al matrix interface. Sensitivity of tensile properties to DAS allows for the use of the latter as an indicator of the expected properties of the alloy.     

Effect of Manganese on the Formation of Fe-rich Phases in Electromagnetic Stirred Hypereutectic Al-22Si Alloy with 2 % Fe

The effect of Mn on the microstructure of electromagnetic stirred hypereutectic Al-22Si-2Fe (% w/w) alloys was studied. The results show that the alloy with a Mn/Fe ratio zero, contained plentiful α-Al₄FeSi₂ phases existing as mainly intermetallic compounds in the solidified microstructures by electromagnetic stirring (EMS) process. With EMS process, the alloy with 0.61 % Mn contained acicular β-Al₅(Fe, Mn)Si, δ-Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ and blocky α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases in the solidification microstructure of the stirred A1 alloy. As the Mn/Fe ratio increased to 1, intermetallic compounds were mainly in the form of blocky and fine α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases in the microstructure. The intermetallic compounds were examined with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The acicular δ-Al₄(Fe, Mn)Si₂ and blocky α-Al₁₅(Fe, Mn)₃Si₂ phases were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.     

Copper alloy-impregnated carbon-carbon hybrid composites for electronic packaging applications

Porous carbon-carbon preforms, based on three-dimensional networks of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile)-based carbon fibers and various volume fractions of chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) carbon, were impregnated by oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OFHC) Cu, Cu-6Si-0.9Cr, and Cu-0.3Si-0.3Cr (wt pct) alloys by pressure infiltration casting. The obtained composites were characterized for their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (K) along the through-thickness and two in-plane directions. One composite, with a 28 vol pct Cu-0.3Si-0.3Cr alloy, showed outstanding potential for thermal management applications in electronic applications. This composite exhibited approximately isotropic thermal expansion properties (CTE=4 to 6.5 ppm/K) and thermal conductivities (k≥260 W/m K).     

超音速等离子喷涂Al-35Si-4Fe涂层制备工艺优化及摩擦学性能

为改善铝硅合金的摩擦学性能,以YL113铝硅合金为基体,喷涂功率、总气流量和喷涂距离为试验因素,显微硬度和孔隙率为考核指标,采用三因素三水平的正交试验法得到了超音速等离子喷涂Al-35Si-4Fe涂层的最佳制备工艺;研究了此工艺下涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明：喷涂功率为65 kW,总气流量为110 L/min,喷涂距离为95 mm时,涂层质量为最佳。此时,Al-35Si-4Fe涂层的显微硬度达到465±24.4 HV0.2,涂层孔隙率为1.3%。实验条件下,Al-35Si-4Fe涂层的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,磨粒磨损为辅。Al-35Si-4Fe涂层的磨损率为1.88 ×10-4 ^mm3^/Nm,摩擦因数为0.37。优化后的Al-35Si-4Fe涂层能有效保护内部YL113铝硅合金,延长其使用寿命,并应对更加复杂的工况。     

钒基固溶体型贮氢合金的研究进展

金属钒具有吸氢量大、抗粉化性能好等优点，但是有效吸氢量较低，只有一半的氢能够释放出来，没有实用价值。在V-Ti二元合金的基础上形成的三元合金V-Ti-M(M代表Cr，Mn，Fe，Ni等)具有良好的贮氢性能。Ti／Cr比对V-Ti-Cr合金性能影响很大，Ti/Cr比值为0．75时V-Ti-Cr合金具有最大的贮氢量和有效吸氢量，同时热处理可以有效地提高V-Ti-Cr合金的有效吸氢量，并降低V的使用量。添加Mn的三元合金具有BCC和Laves相双相结构。V-Ti-Fe合金的贮氢量很高，并有希望利用便宜的钒铁做钒源。此外，V基固溶体合金还可以用于镍氢电池负极，如V-Ti-Ni合金具有很高的放电容量，目前需要解决其循环稳定性差和成本高的问题。     

Preparation of Si- Mn- N alloy by adding nitrogen to silicon- manganese alloy

Under the laboratory conditions, nine kinds of temperature regimes were designed to prepare Si- Mn- N alloy and the effect of heating rate, holding temperature, holding time and cooling rate on the increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy was investigated by differential thermal analyzer. The results show that increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy sample is 5. 45 mass%-37. 92 mass%, and the average value is 19. 33 mass%. The main factors influencing increased nitrogen content in Si- Mn alloy are heating rate, holding temperature and holding time. The optimum heating rate, optimal temperature range, and holding time for increasing nitrogen in Si- Mn alloys are 5??/min, 1100-1400?? and 4h, respectively. Under the optimum temperature range of 1100-1400??. and holding for 4h, the Si- Mn alloy has the largest nitrogen content. At this time, nitrogen content in the silicon- manganese alloy is 32. 8 mass%. and the main phase is Si3N4, MnSiN2 and Fe2Si by XRD analyzer. The nitrogen- enhancement process of Si- Mn alloy is a process in which solid- state and liquid- state Si- Mn alloys react with nitrogen. The nitrogen- enhancement rate of the liquid- state Si- Mn alloy reacting with nitrogen is faster.