通用电机产品族协同设计的模糊优化

产品族设计是大规模定制中的核心内容,许多文献在假定产品特征确定情况下,采用平台参数和非平台参数,提出了大规模定制下的产品族设计优化方法。基于产品族设计理念,针对含有不确定特征的产品族设计中的一种基本类型——产品参数与产品功能之间的映射含有模糊系数的情形,建立一种对平台参数和非平台参数进行协同优化的模糊双层线性规划模型,利用有关模糊算法对模糊条件下的通用电机产品族协同设计进行优化。     

基于优化的产品平台参数规划方法

 为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(mass customization,MC).基于公共产品平台的产品族设计是实现大规模定制的一种有效方式,而平台规划是面向产品族设计方法学的核心内容,也是目前研究中的一个热点问题.基于模型参数的平台设计是其方法之一.针对基于一系列标准可变参数的产品平台,用优化方法对产品平台参数进行规划,以满足各种客户需求.该规划方法无需事先人为指定,而是在满足客户需求的前提下,尽可能提高产品族中设计变量的共性,从而确定最好的产品平台的公共参数及其最优值,以及个性参数及其变化值,并以带式输送机为例验证了该方法.     

面向全生命周期的大规模定制生产模式的研究

针对目前关于大规模定制的研究主要囿于产品族开发的现状,提出了从全生命周期的角度研究大规模定制生产模式的思路。通过分析单件定制、大规模生产和大规模定制三种生产模式之间的差别,形成了面向大规模定制的响应模式,总结出了设计和定制分离、延迟策略以及模块化产品族的特点。提出了面向DFX的产品族设计方法、包含需求配置和工程配置等在内的定制配置过程、基于制造单元的生产线布局规划过程、基于产品族结构和JIT策略的物流网络融合处理、面向并行装配线规划的设计结构矩阵处理算法等内容。     

MC模式下基于本体的客户需求映射方法

针对目前大规模定制模式下客户需求映射方法中存在的问题,用一组类客户需求(GCN)来表达面向产品族的客户群体需求,以期在满足众多客户需求的前提下降低客户需求的多样化程度.基于本体映射方法,建立了类客户需求与类功能要求之间的映射关系,实现了类客户需求到类功能要求的映射转换,以完善客户需求到产品族的映射过程.通过一个实例说明了此方法的应用性.     

面向大规模定制产品设计的客户需求处理研究

针对大规模定制生产方式下的产品设计特点,建立了面向产品族设计的客户总体需求与面向单一产品设计的客户定制需求的综合处理流程.采用模糊聚类、模糊层次分析法、扩展的质量屋以及模式识别等技术对客户需求处理流程中需求分类、需求权重计算、需求转换及需求定位等问题进行了研究.该研究对大规模定制生产方式中客户需求信息处理提供了有效的处理框架和手段,并在多品种小批量专用车产品数据管理系统中进行了应用验证.     

面向大规模定制的外圆磨床定制设计

随着市场全球化的发展和竞争程度的不断加剧，原有的大批量生产模式逐渐被大规模定制模式所代替，面向大规模定制的产品族设计成为研究的重点，本文对基于Internet面向大规模定制模式下的外圆磨床设计方法进行了探讨，其实现过程主要包括两步：产品族模型的建立和产品实例的生成，并对该网络系统的实现进行了理论研究。     

面向客户的产品规模定制设计及其应用

讨论产品设计过程中的基本模块，并提出规模定制设计的概念。面向客户的产品设计的核心是开发面向规模定制的产品族结构，实现与统一的产品开发和送货机制的后期集成。介绍了产品族结构的特点，以及明确产品族结构的步骤。同时给出了一个规模定制设计的研究实例。     

基于顾客满意度的在线定制产品族规模优化

为了平衡在线定制产品过程中顾客满意度与产品维护复杂性、维护成本之间的矛盾,提出了基于客户满意度的在线大规模定制产品族规模优化模型.引入产品配置元的概念,通过配置元的合理转换实现顾客需求表达方式的结构化描述,充分考虑配置元的效用和价格对顾客产品配置方案的影响,综合运用向量和矩阵对产品族规模优化过程进行描述,最后通过一个算...     

大规模定制产品族模块定制属性分析模型

在大规模定制产品族的开发过程中,选择合适的模块作为定制模块是一个重要问题.为了解决这个问题,基于大规模定制生产模式下产品族开发的模块化和通用化原则以及公理设计理论,建立了一个在产品族开发过程中对模块的定制属性进行分析的模型:通过对模块的功能定制效果、模块间相互影响关系以及模块成本3个方面的分析,设立了一个定制指数,运用该定制指数对模块的定制属性进行判断,达到选择合适的模块作为定制模块的目的.通过一个算例对该模型的应用进行说明.     

面向大规模定制的零件族大成组共享平台

结合大规模定制的原理,提出了利用大成组技术构建跨行业零件族,为构建可配置的产品族提供基本元素以降低大规模定制门槛的思想.在此基础上,探讨了零件族大成组共享平台的应用框架、组成元素、系统结构及其关键技术.     

A Method for Architecting Product Platforms

Consider a group of products sharing common parts and assemblies. The products in question we call a product family, and the common elements, the platform. In this paper, we present a method for designing product platforms and the derived family that takes into consideration both the technical performance requirements as well as the cost of the product family. The design of a platform-based product family is formulated as a general optimization problem in which the advantages of designing a common platform must be balanced against the constraints of the individual product variants and constraints of the family as a whole. This optimization approach forms the basis for a practical implementation as an interactive, team-based negotiation model for designing a family of interplanetary spacecraft based on a common platform. The approach is used to consider and specify different subsystems that could be made common to all the missions. It is also used to evaluate the impact of those platform design decisions on the performance of the product family, and thus be able to select from among feasible platform designs.     

混合动力汽车快速控制原型系统仿真平台开发

为加快混合动力汽车控制策略的开发进度,缩短产品开发周期,设计与开发了基于飞思卡尔MC9S12DG256控制器、驾驶员模拟器、控制器自动代码生成编译工具包及Freemaster实时数据监测软件构成的混合动力汽车控制策略快速控制原型系统半实物仿真平台,将底层驱动与上层控制策略模型一键下载到MC9S12DG256控制器,实现模型到代码的自动下载,并能与AVL CRUISE中车辆信息进行实时的串口通信。针对一款并联式混合动力客车进行仿真实验,结果能较好地模拟实车特性,验证了该仿真平台的有效性,其开发成本低廉,易在高校中推广。     

Platform design variable identification for a product family using multi-objective particle swarm optimization

The variability of products affects customers’ satisfaction by increasing flexibility in decision-making for choosing a product based on their preferences in competitive market environments. In product family design, decision-making for determining a platform design strategy or the degree of commonality in a platform can be considered as a multidisciplinary optimization problem with respect to design variables, production cost, company’s revenue, and customers’ satisfaction. In this paper, we investigate evolutionary algorithms and module-based design approaches to identify an optimal platform strategy in a product family. The objective of this paper is to apply a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) approach to determine design variables for the best platform design strategy based on commonality and design variation within the product family. We describe modifications to apply the proposed MOPSO to the multi-objective problem of product family design and allow designers to evaluate varying levels of platform strategies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we use a case study involving a family of General Aviation Aircraft. We show that the proposed optimization algorithm can provide a proper solution in product family design process through experiments. The limitations of the approach and future work are also discussed.     

Product platform design through clustering analysis and information theoretical approach

An effectively designed product platform is vital to the final product family derived from it. A product platform design consists of platform configuration to decide which variables to make common across the product family and to determining the optimal values for platform and scaling variables for all product variants. Many existing product family design methods assume a given platform configuration, i.e. the platform variables are specified a priori by designers. However, selecting the right combination of common and scaling variables is not trivial. Most approaches are single-platform methods, in which design variables are either shared across all product variants or not at all. While in multiple-platform design, platform variables can have special value with regard to a subset of product variants within the product family, offering opportunities for superior overall design. This paper proposes a quantitative method for scale-based multiple-platform design using clustering analysis and Shannon's Entropy theory. Optimization methods are used to design the product family by holding the values of platform variables constant and to find the best values of the scaling variables. An information theoretical approach is used to help select platform variables based on the clustering analysis of individually designed products. Validity analysis is performed to determine the optimal settings for platform variables. Local clustering is further performed on each platform variable, to establish subsets of variants such that variants within a subset are more similar to each other than they are to variants in other subsets and a common value is used to represent the various values of variants in each subset. A case study is used to illustrate the process of the proposed method, and the design solutions are compared with that found by other methods given in previous literature. The comparison results verified that the multiple-platform design can lead to superior solutions of product family.     

Modularity analysis and commonality design: a framework for the top-down platform and product family design

With a highly fragmented market and increased competition, platform-based product family design is recognised as an effective method for constructing a product line that satisfies diverse customer demand while keeping design and production cost- and time-effective. Recognising the need for modularity and commonality in platform development, this paper presents a systematic framework to assist in implementing top-down platform and product family design, which aims to achieve system-level modularity for variety generation, and rationalise the commonality configuration for module instantiation. In the first phase of platform development, a robust and flexible product family architecture is constructed to accommodate variations by analysing the external varieties of the generic product architecture, and provide a modularity design space, wherein the design tasks are further decomposed into module instantiation. The second phase of detailed platform development aims to enhance commonality in terms of engineering efficiency by coordinating with the back-end product realisation stage. A tractable optimisation method is used to capture and resolve the trade-off between commonality configuration and individual product performance. A family of power tool designs is used to demonstrate the potential and feasibility of the proposed framework at the system level and detailed design stages.     

A Variation-Based Method for Product Family Design

Product family design entails all of the challenges of product design while adding the complexity of coordinating the design of multiple products in an effort to maximize commonality across a set of products without compromising their individual performance. This paper presents the Variation-Based Platform Design Method (VBPDM) for product family design, which aims to satisfy a range of performance requirements using the smallest variation of the product designs in the family. In the first stage of the VBPDM, the product platform around which the product family is to be developed is identified. The product platform is common to all of the products in the family and represents the maximum standardization possible considering the variety of performance requirements that must be satisfied. To satisfy the range of performance requirements for the product family, a ranged set of solutions is found using variation-based modeling. A compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP) is formulated to solve the tradeoff between satisfying the variety requirement and maximizing platform commonality. Platform commonality is achieved by introducing a commonality goal that seeks to minimize the deviation of the input design variables while satisfying the range of performance requirements. Those design variables that show small deviations are held constant to form the product platform. In the second stage of the VBPDM, each individual product is designed around the common platform such that the functional requirements for each product in the family are best satisfied. As an example, the proposed method is used to develop a family of universal electric motors designed to meet a range of torque requirements. The results are compared against previous work on the same example.     

An integrated approach to product family redesign using commonality and variety metrics

Redesigning a product family entails carefully balancing the trade-offs between commonality and differentiation that are governed by the underlying platform architecture. Numerous metrics for commonality and variety exist to support product family and product platform design; however, rarely are they used in concert to help redesign platforms and families of products effectively. In this paper, we introduce an integrated approach that uses multiple product family metrics to establish an effective platform redesign strategy. Specifically, we present a detailed procedure to integrate the generational variety index, product line commonality index, and design structure matrix to prioritize components for redesign based on variety and commonality needs in a family of products. While all three of these tools exist in the literature and have been used extensively to support product family design, the novelty in our work lies in their integration to establish a redesign strategy for platform architectures that achieves a better balance between the commonality and variety within a product family. To demonstrate the proposed approach, case studies involving two generations of wireless computer mice and two families of dishwashers are presented. Ongoing and future work is also discussed.     

Effective Product Family Design Using Physical Programming

In response to today's highly competitive global marketplace, many companies are utilizing product families - groups of related products derived from a product platform - to maintain economies of scale while satisfying a variety of customer requirements. This paper focuses on scale-based product families and presents a new single-stage approach for simultaneously optimizing a product platform and the resulting family of products based on one or more scaling variables - variables that are used to instantiate the product platform by "stretching" or "shrinking" it in one or more dimensions to satisfy a variety of customer requirements. The proposed approach is also unique in that it employs the Physical Programming method, enabling designers to formulate the product family optimization problem in terms of physically meaningful terms and parameters. The design of a family of ten universal electric motors is used as an example to benchmark the effectiveness of the proposed approach against previous results. While the emphasis in this paper is on the design method rather than the results per se , performance gains are achieved in the motor family by using the proposed single-stage approach and Physical Programming.     

面向定制的液压机可适应产品平台构建方法研究

基于可适应设计理论研究了汽车门盖包边液压机系列产品的可适应产品平台构建方法,构建了包括CAD和CAE模型以及工艺的液压机可适应模块,使用实验设计技术（DOE）分析了模块的各个设计变量对产品性能的贡献值;综合DOE分析结果和单机产品优化结果确定了液压机的公共设计参数和个性设计参数,在产品族优化的基础上构建可适应产品平台,并给出了汽车包边液压机上横梁可适应产品平台构建的实例．