薄壁圆柱壳在流体脉动激励下的振动特性分析

摘要：为深入研究薄壁圆柱壳在流体脉动激励下的运动特性,应用Donnell简化壳理论,考虑阻尼、结构非线性和附加质量的影响,建立了薄壁圆柱壳在流体脉动激励下的非线性振动方程。基于Galerkin方法将偏微分方程转化为方便求解的常微分方程,利用多尺度法求解了系统主共振的一次近似解,得到了系统稳态响应的转迁集与分岔图,并通过奇异性分析,得到了系统工作稳定性和可靠性的结构参数区域。对薄壁圆柱壳在流体作用下的振动特性进行了数值模拟和实验研究,考察了阻尼系数、脉动频率、液体深度等对系统动力学特性的影响。研究表明,考虑阻尼、结构非线性和附加质量的非线性振动方程更能体现薄壁圆柱壳在流体脉动激励下完整的动力学特性,同时系统中存在多种分岔行为。     

篦齿对悬臂薄壁圆柱壳模态特性的影响研究

采用传递矩阵方法研究外壁带有周向篦齿(即密封齿)薄壁圆柱壳的模态振动特性。在悬臂边界条件下,首先基于Love壳体理论建立带篦齿薄壁圆柱壳的动力学方程,通过传递矩阵法和高精度的精细积分法对其模态特性进行分析,求得各阶模态对应的固有频率和三维模态振型,并通过有限元法对分析结果进行比较,最后讨论篦齿布置形式、篦齿高度和篦齿道数对悬臂薄壁圆柱壳振动特性的影响。结果表明,传递矩阵法适合于求解带篦齿悬臂薄壁圆柱壳的模态振动特性,篦齿结构的布置形式、高度和道数均对薄壁圆柱壳构件的振动特性有较大影响。     

边界条件对旋转薄壁圆柱壳结构自由振动行波特性的影响分析

建立了弹性约束边界下旋转薄壁圆柱壳结构自由振动行波特性分析模型,通过在边界引入四种约束弹簧,任意边界条件可以通过设置刚度系数而统一得到。基于Sanders薄壳理论对旋转薄壁圆柱壳自由振动的振动能量表达式进行了推导,三个方向的振动位移场通过一种改进傅立叶级数进行展开,带入能量表达式并利用RayleighRitz法进行变换推导,得到旋转薄壁圆柱壳自由振动的系统特征方程。利用MATLAB编程计算,得到行波振动固有频率,通过与现有文献中其他方法比较,验证了本文方法的正确性,随后采用不同几何参数、不同边界条件、不同约束弹簧刚度的算例对振动特性的影响进行分析,揭示了转速、长径比、厚径比等几何条件以及边界约束弹簧刚度对旋转薄壁圆柱壳自由振动行波特性的影响规律。     

轴向冲击下薄壁圆柱壳的屈曲行为的实验研究

由于薄壁圆柱壳比厚壁圆柱壳的不均匀性更大，薄壁圆柱壳的轴向动力屈曲比厚壁复杂得多。了解轴向冲击下薄壁圆柱壳的屈曲行为，有助于进行吸能构件设计。介绍了采用落锤实验进行圆柱壳的动力屈曲行为研究中，超薄壁圆柱壳的一些特殊屈曲行为，在实验中观察到随着径厚比的增加，折屈边数有相应增加的趋势，存在过渡区。经吸能特性分析，随着圆柱壳径厚比的增加，平均压垮载荷和一个基本变形单元能量吸收量增加，有效压缩距离和一个基本变形单元的初始长度增加，但有效压缩距离与基本变形单元长度之比保持不变；在壁厚相同的条件下，能量吸收量与圆柱壳半径成正比。     

有限长,多层复合圆柱壳减振特性的研究

本文研究了有限长、多层复合圆柱壳的振动和减振特性.在两端自由边界条件下导出金属圆柱壳和粘贴阻尼材料形成的双层复合圆柱壳的振动方程和本征方程、解出本征值.计算出钢柱壳的固有振动频率以及复合圆柱壳振动的固有频率和阻尼系数值随阻尼层、金属层厚度比(h_2/h_1)的变化关系;计算并画出单、双层壳各阶振动模态的振型.为了验证与比较,还对钢柱壳和203~#-钢复合壳分别进行了实验测试,其结果与理论值相比:振动的固有频率吻合较好,阻尼系数值定性地符合.另外,阻尼系数随厚度比(h_2/h_1)变化的规律对工程应用有一定的指导意义.     

高转速硬涂层阻尼薄壁圆柱壳的行波共振特性研究

基于Viogt-Reuss原理和传递矩阵法研究了高转速硬涂层阻尼薄壁圆柱壳构件的行波共振特性。根据复合结构的Viogt-Reuss等效原理,考虑科氏力的影响,基于Love薄壳理论建立了旋转态硬涂层薄壁圆柱壳的振动微分方程;引入传递矩阵法,根据壳体子段间的状态向量关系式推导得到了构件的整体传递矩阵;在固支-自由、简支-简支和固支-固支边界条件下,求解得到了构件的行波共振特性。结果表明:通过与文献中的数据进行比较验证了该分析方法的合理性,静止薄壁圆柱壳的第1阶模态振型不受硬涂层材料的影响,但是频率值发生了偏移,随着阶次的增加前六阶振动模态的顺序发生了变化;硬涂层材料对薄壁圆柱壳的模态振型无影响,但是NiCrAlY硬涂层比NiCrAlCoY+YSZ硬涂层薄壁圆柱壳对应的各阶静频值偏高。转速对硬涂层薄壁圆柱壳前六阶行波频率的影响较大,在工作转速和一倍频激振力作用下,共振裕度小于10%的共振临界转速点随着边界条件和硬涂层发生变化,共振模态随着共振点变化容易引起对应阶次的模态振动,硬涂层结构改变了薄壁圆柱壳的行波共振特性。     

流体对薄壁圆柱管振动频率的影响

以两端固支薄壁圆柱管为机构,并简化为Timoshenko梁模型,使用梁的弯曲振动理论及有限元模型分析薄壁圆柱管不含液体的固有频率和振型,其中考虑了集中质量的作用。给出了含有流体的圆柱管道的横向振动微分方程和固有频率方程。设计并制造全部实验装置,测量薄壁圆柱管不含液体、含静止液体和含流动液体的前三阶固有频率和振型。含静止液体时薄壁圆柱管的幅频特性曲线呈非线性、软特性。通过理论值与实验值进行比较,理论值与实验值接近,流体使薄壁圆柱管的固有频率下降。     

层合薄壁圆柱壳1:1内共振研究

针对一端固定,一端自由的层合薄壁圆柱壳模型,根据Donnell’s非线性简化壳理论建立其非线性振动方程。采用Galerkin方法对非线性振动方程进行离散化,应用平均法对系统包含两个相邻轴向模态的非线性振动响应进行了解析分析,与数值模拟进行了比较,并得到了不同参数对层合薄壁圆柱壳复杂的振动响应的影响。结果表明,1）由于所选的两个相邻轴向模态频率相距较近,能量在两个模态之间相互传递,系统存在1:1内共振现象;2）系统复杂的振动响应受激振力大小和非线性项的影响比较大,而对于阻尼不敏感。     

芯材增强对夹层圆柱壳动力学性能影响的有限元分析

将表层、增强材料与芯材分开,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,采用8节点SOLID45实体单元,对增强型夹层圆柱壳建立物理模型,进行自由振动及瞬态动力学过程分析。考虑树脂材性、尺寸以及分布等参数的变化,分析了点阵增强和齿槽增强对夹层圆柱壳动力学性能的影响,将两种增强方式进行了对比。结果显示,树脂柱及树脂齿槽均可改变圆柱壳的振动特性,对降低瞬态荷载下的动力响应有积极作用。其中树脂材性的影响较小,而点阵和齿槽的尺寸与分布对圆柱壳动力学性能的影响较为明显,分析显示,点阵增强对于提高结构固有频率比齿槽增强更好一些,而齿槽增强对于降低端部受冲击荷载时的动力位移比点阵增强更好一些。     

基于激光旋转扫描的约束态薄壁圆柱壳模态振型测试新方法

针对传统采用实验模态分析理论辨识模态振型测试效率低的问题,提出基于单点激光旋转扫描的测试约束态圆柱壳模态振型新方法。在明确基本测试原理基础上组建激光旋转扫描测试圆柱壳模态振型实验系统,提出基于激光旋转扫描测试约束态模态振型试验流程,并对判定圆柱壳共振及由响应数据获得圆柱壳模态振型等关键技术进行详述。通过实例验证结果表明,该方法可快速准确获得薄壁圆柱壳的模态振型、极大提高空间测试分辨率、高效测试圆柱壳结构各点振动响应,具有一定工程应用价值。     

Dynamic response of functionally graded circular cylindrical shells subjected to radial impulse load

Dynamic response of simply supported circular cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to lateral impulse load is investigated. The effective material properties are assumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power law distribution. First order shear deformation theory and Love’s first approximation theory are utilized in the equilibrium equations. Finally time response of displacement components is derived using mode superposition method. The influence of material composition, FGM configuration and geometrical parameters (length-to-radius and thickness-to-radius ratios) on the dynamic response is investigated. The results show that even though the shell is thin, the value of power law exponent has a considerable effect on the natural frequencies as well as the dynamic response of the functionally graded shell. Verification of the results of natural frequencies and time response of the FGM shell is achieved by making comparison with those available in the literature and those obtained using commercial software.     

A refined dynamic stiffness element for free vibration analysis of cross-ply laminated composite cylindrical and spherical shallow shells

An exact free vibration analysis of doubly-curved laminated composite shallow shells has been carried out by combining the dynamic stiffness method (DSM) and a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT). In essence, the HSDT has been exploited to develop first the dynamic stiffness (DS) element matrix and then the global DS matrix of composite cylindrical and spherical shallow shell structures by assembling the individual DS elements. As an essential prerequisite, Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the governing differential equations and the related natural boundary conditions. The equations are solved symbolically in an exact sense and the DS matrix is formulated by imposing the natural boundary conditions in algebraic form. The Wittrick–Williams algorithm is used as a solution technique to compute the eigenvalues of the overall DS matrix. The effect of several parameters such as boundary conditions, orthotropic ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, radius-to-length ratio and stacking sequence on the natural frequencies and mode shapes is investigated in details. Results are compared with those available in the literature. Finally some concluding remarks are drawn.     

圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构自由振动分析

基于Reissner薄壳理论,采用区域分解法分析了不同边界条件下圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构的自由振动。首先在壳体连接处将组合壳体分为独立的圆锥壳、圆柱壳和球壳,并将各个子壳体沿旋转轴线分解为若干自由壳段;然后将所有壳段分区界面(包括边界界面)的位移协调方程通过分区广义变分和最小二乘加权残值法引入到组合壳体的能量泛函中;最后将壳段位移场变量的周向分量和轴向分量分别以Fourier级数和Chebyshev多项式展开,通过变分后得到整个组合壳体的离散动力学方程。将区域分解法计算结果与有限元软件ANSYS计算结果进行对比,验证了区域分解法在分析圆锥壳-圆柱壳-球壳组合结构自由振动的正确性和计算精度,并分析了组合壳体长径比及厚径比对自由振动频率的影响。     

Vibration analysis of orthotropic cantilever cylindrical shells with axial thickness variation

A semi-analytical finite element method is used to determine the free vibration characteristics of thin orthotropic cantilever circular cylindrical shells. Love's first approximation shell theory is used for the formulation. The effect of the variation of thickness along the axial direction on natural frequencies, especially on the lowest frequency, has been studied with a constraint on the total mass of the shell for a particular length to middle surface radius ratio. Studies have been conducted for different degrees of orthotropy and various values of length to radius ratio.     

复杂边界条件圆柱壳自由振动特性分析

提出一种半解析法来分析圆柱壳结构自由振动特性。将圆柱壳壳结构在轴向方向分解为若干壳段,用沿轴向的Jacobi多项式和沿周向的Fourie r级数来表示各个壳段的位移函数,并采用罚参数法对圆柱壳结构的边界条件和壳段间的连续性条件进行模拟;最后,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法求得圆柱壳结构的自由振动频率。研究表明,该方法具有较好的收敛性,与公开发表文献一致性较高,研究成果可为复杂边界条件下圆柱壳结构自由振动特性分析提供数据积累和方法依据。     

水下复杂圆柱壳体结构流固耦合效应研究概述

针对水下复杂圆柱壳体结构流固耦合效应的研究对象,从无限长,有限长,双层圆柱壳体,加筋及有内部基座和内部复杂隔振系统等角度加以阐述;针对建模方法,介绍低频,中频段和高频段的建模方法,并介绍若干极具潜力的复杂壳体流固耦合建模方法。     

Vibration characteristics of a corrugated cylindrical shell piezoelectric transducer

We study coupled extensional and flexural cylindrical vibrations of a corrugated cylindrical shell piezoelectric transducer consisting of multiple pieces of circular cylindrical surfaces smoothly connected along their generatrices. Using the classical shell theory, a theoretical solution is obtained. Based on the solution, basic vibration characteristics of resonant frequencies, mode shapes, and internal forces are calculated and examined for the corrugated transducers, consisting of a few circular pieces each about 50 μm thick, with radius of 5 mm and span angle of 120°. For these transducers the first resonance is of the order of 10-100 Hz.     

主动约束层阻尼圆柱壳动力学分析的新传递矩阵法

基于作者最近导出的被动约束层阻尼(PCLD)圆柱壳的一阶整合矩阵微分方程,结合压电材料本构关系和比例微分负增益反馈控制策略(PD),建立了一种求解主动约束层阻尼(ACLD)圆柱壳动力学问题的新传递矩阵方法。提出的ACLD圆柱壳的一阶矩阵微分方程,采用了简化的机电耦合模型。通过对ACLD圆柱壳自由振动及其在地震激励作用下的动力学响应分析,表明ACLD圆柱壳的阻尼特性和减振效果相对于PCLD圆柱壳具有明显优势,并且发现采用周向分块敷设ACLD,且施加与结构变形中的占优模态相匹配的控制电压分布方式对地震激励的抑制效果更好。     

用动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁横向振动特性

通过引入动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁的振动特性。首先基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论给出旋转变截面梁自由振动方程,然后通过动态刚度法推导该旋转梁的动态刚度矩阵,最后运用MATLAB中的fzero函数求解特征值方程得到旋转梁横向振动的固有频率和模态振型。数值计算结果证明了动态刚度法的精度和有效性,同时分析了轮毂半径、转速以及渐变系数对固有频率的影响。     

A 3-D Ritz solution for free vibration of circular/annular functionally graded plates integrated with piezoelectric layers

This paper addresses three-dimensional (3-D) free vibration characteristic of thick circular/annular functionally graded (FG) plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers on the basis of 3-D Ritz solution. Three displacement components along with electrical potential field of the plate are expressed by a set of Chebyshev polynomials multiplied by geometry boundary functions. Both open-circuit and closed-circuit surface conditions are taken into account. The mechanical properties of the FG plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate and obey either exponent or power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effect of thickness-to-radius ratio, inner-to-outer radius ratio, piezo-to-host thickness ratio and gradient index on the natural frequencies of coupled piezoelectric FG circular/annular plates is investigated for different electrical and mechanical boundary conditions. It is observed that, unlike isotropic homogeneous circular/annular plates, frequency parameters of their piezoelectric coupled FG counterparts significantly increase with an enhancement in the host plate thickness to radius ratio. Results also show that the frequency parameters for open-circuit condition are higher than those for closed-circuit condition.