基于帕斯卡试验规范的越野车传动系载荷谱测试与分析

汽车传动系载荷谱是汽车传动系设计、试验和评估不可缺少的基础数据。针对某企业越野车传动系,考虑设计、试验和分析等多种用途,选取转矩、转速、挡位、制动踏板状态、离合器踏板行程、温度、应变和加速度等测量参数,构建了完整的传动系载荷谱同步测试方案,基于帕斯卡试验场耐久性试验规范,对传动系行驶动态载荷谱进行了全面准确的测量和分析,从而为汽车传动系设计、试验和分析提供了重要指导和基础数据,同时解决了无线转矩测量和各类信号同步等关键问题,为汽车传动系载荷谱采集和提取提供了一套完善的解决方案。     

军用车辆传动系零件载荷谱的建立

研究建立军用车辆传动系的全寿命设计谱和试验载荷谱。采用雨流法对实车测得的载荷时间历程进行二维统计处理，建立并检验载荷幅值与均值的二维分布函数，结合军用车辆传动系零部件的载荷特点，对车辆多工况全寿命载荷谱进行合成，得到可供军用车辆传动系零部件疲劳设计和试验用的设计谱与试验谱。     

装载机轴类零件载荷测试方法与试验研究

为获得装载机传动系轴类零件铲装作业的载荷时间历程数据,以装载机传动系统载荷传递原理和传感器设计理论为基础,研究了装载机轴类零件载荷多参数同步测试方法。针对装载机传动系统载荷谱测试的重点和难点,采用动态遥测技术解决狭小空间内载荷测试问题。构建了装载机轴类零件载荷信号采集系统,该系统包括半轴、传动轴转矩和转速参数,发动机转速参数以及挡位参数的采集。选择50型装载机作为试验样机进行铲装试验,获取了样机轴类零件铲装作业的载荷时间历程数据。试验结果表明,提出的载荷测试方法准确可行,具有很好的通用性,可以用于汽车、农用机械等轴类零件的载荷数据测试。     

考虑低载强化效应的变速器加速试验谱的编制

变速器室内台架模拟试验是考核、评价和提升其性能的重要手段。以变速器为对象,提出了一种能简化变速器加速疲劳试验程序载荷谱的编制方法。利用无线遥测技术在垫江汽车试验场采集了汽车变速器的实际道路载荷谱,分挡位对实际载荷谱进行了预处理。以2挡载荷为例,应用雨流计数法得到载荷的频次分布矩阵,运用卡方检验发现载荷均值服从均值为91.77 N·m、标准差为163.27 N·m的正态分布,载荷变程服从形状参数为1.346、比例参数为305.489的双参数威布尔分布,并且均值和变程相互独立。利用二维概率分布函数,建立了8×8级二维载荷谱。应用变均值法,将二维载荷谱转化为8级一维载荷谱。依据半轴的损伤特性和低载强化特性,研究强化载荷之间的等强化准则,将强化载荷折算到最佳载荷级,减少了载荷加载频次,提高了试验效率。     

前置前驱车型传动系阻力的分析与优化

汽车传动系的性能影响整车油耗,为了降低传动系阻力,减小油耗,在四驱五电机台架上对某前置前驱车型传动系进行了阻力的试验探究。试验探究表明,该车型阻力与挡位、发动机转速均呈正相关;该车型传动系中阻力最大的部件是变速箱。对影响变速箱功率损失的润滑油进行了效率试验,对比变速箱在4种不同润滑油条件下的效率,优选出润滑油2#,通过试验得出它较原厂油的综合效率提高了0.43%。     

装载机驱动桥试验载荷谱编制及整车疲劳寿命预测

基于轮式装载机作业现场实测载荷数据的实际情况,提出一种驱动桥传动系实测载荷数据处理、试验载荷谱编制及整车疲劳寿命预测的方法,并通过驱动桥试验载荷谱的台架试验结推算整车的疲劳寿命。该方法预测装载机的整车疲劳寿命具有成本低、效率高、可操作性强的特点。     

基于实车测试的矿用装载机传动系载荷谱编制

随着煤矿行业的发展,矿用装载机成为需求最大的采集设备。由于我国装载机的设计主要以传统的设计方法为主,缺乏系统的设计方案,在其设计阶段,为了确定其使用寿命,需要对其进行室内台架疲劳试验,因此载荷谱的编制变得尤为重要。以某型号矿用装载机传动系统为研究对象,根据制定的工况进行实车测试实验,对采集的载荷信号进行消除信号和异常值剔除处理,利用雨流计数法进行统计计数,然后进行载荷数据外推,最终编制成8级程序载荷谱。从而为今后装载机设计提供依据。     

乘用车变速器载荷谱的采集与编制方法

为研究乘用车变速器载荷谱的采集与编制方法,以某型前置前驱乘用车变速器为例,根据不同路况,对该乘用车变速器的道路随机载荷谱进行了采集。根据变速器的载荷特性,采用幅值循环计数法对实车测得载荷的时间历程进行了统计处理,编制了乘用车变速器设计载荷谱,建立了乘用车变速器载荷谱采集与编制方法。该方法可为乘用车变速器设计提供准确的设计输入条件、以及为变速器疲劳寿命预测和台架疲劳寿命试验提供参考。     

机械式汽车变速器传动效率的试验研究

采用试验研究的方法,对机械式汽车变速器的传动效率以及影响因素进行研究。搭建机械式汽车变速器传动效率的测试台架,制造出相关测试样件并进行测试研究。试验结果表明,保持加载转矩不变,变速器各个挡位下的传动效率随着输入转速的增加而增加,最终到达最大值,随后逐渐下降;保持相同输入转速和加载转矩,挡位置于Ⅳ挡时变速器的传动效率最高;保持输入转速不变,变速器各个挡位下的传动效率随着加载转矩的增加而增加;如果通过采用多级齿轮油或合成油来改善润滑油黏-温特性,变速器的综合效率可分别提高0.62%和0.96%;如果使用开式轴承来减少轴承摩擦损耗,变速器的综合效率可以提高0.52%。     

基于雨流频次外推的液压挖掘机斗杆程序载荷谱编制

针对液压挖掘机实际的两种典型作业工况下斗杆台架试验加载谱的编制方法研究,统计了斗杆台架试验加载点所受载荷的时间历程,并根据作业段特点对载荷进行分段拼接。利用雨流计数法对各段载荷信息进行统计生成"FromTo"形式的雨流矩阵,在此基础上进行基于核函数的非参数雨流矩阵频次外推。以此为据建立挖掘机斗杆挖掘阶段的8级程序载荷谱,并完成了全作业阶段的程序加载谱编制,为挖掘机斗杆台架疲劳试验提供了数据支撑。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.