结合应力全局化与层次分析的拓扑优化设计

客车骨架作为主要承载件,其强度是否可靠直接决定整车的安全性。应用CAE分析方法对公交客车车身骨架进行拓扑优化设计,将材料许用应力惩罚函数引入到实体各向同性材料惩罚方法中,构造出基于应力全局约束的拓扑优化模型。采用层次分析法确定各工况最优权重系数,以综合工况下柔度最小为目标函数,将多工况下多目标优化问题转化为单目标问题求解。结果表明,优化设计后的车身结构应力布局均优于现有结构,车身弯曲刚度和扭转刚度分别增加了6.15%和7.14%,整车结构性能明显提升。     

多工况下微型电动车车身结构拓扑优化设计

以车身多工况权重刚度最大化为优化目标,以体积比、节点位移及一阶频率为约束条件,建立了微型电动车车身结构多刚度拓扑优化模型。在采用线性加权方法将多刚度这一多目标优化问题转化为单一目标优化的过程中,基于层次分析法提出了多工况权重比的计算方法。该方法使车身优化设计中权重比的设定有据可依,可避免由于设计者主观因素造成的权重比偏差。该多刚度拓扑优化模型体现了车身结构的拓扑优化设计,得到了满足性能要求的清晰车身结构。     

采用组合赋权与雷达图法的张紧臂多目标优化

以自动张紧器为研究对象,结合发动机前端附件轮系(Engine front end accessory drive,EFEAD)系统的非线性有限元分析,采用折衷规划法定义张紧臂各摆角工况下结构的静态、稳态刚度和动态振动频率最大化的综合目标函数,并提出了一种改进的组合赋权雷达图法来确定各工况的最优权重系数,进行张紧臂结构的多目标优化设计.同时对比经验法、平均分配法和层次分析法定义权重系数的优化结果,验证了改进的组合赋权雷达图法的优越性.最后对张紧臂进行优化设计,分析结果表明:优化后张紧臂在质量减少的情况下,刚度性能和强度性能明显提高,各阶模态频率均可达到要求.     

某牵引车车架多目标拓扑优化设计

为了得到同时满足静态多工况刚度和动态振动固有频率要求的某牵引车车架结构,将拓扑优化的方法引入到车架的结构设计中。采用折衷规划法定义多刚度拓扑优化的目标函数的数学模型,而振动固有频率拓扑优化的目标函数的数学模型则采用平均频率法定义,综合刚度与振动固有频率的多目标函数的数学模型也采用折衷规划法定义。通过优化得到同时满足刚度和振动频率要求的车架拓扑结构。通过在Hyper Works软件中对车架进行静态和模态仿真,仿真结果表明,车架性能满足工作要求,这也验证了对牵引车车架进行多目标拓扑优化设计是合理可行的。     

面向多目标的汽车悬架控制臂拓扑优化研究

针对结构的多目标拓扑优化设计,提出一种基于折衷规划法归一化子目标建立综合目标函数、以灰色综合关联分析确定综合目标函数中子目标权重系数的方法。以某商用车悬架控制臂为例,运用动力学分析、静力学分析和模态分析,得到控制臂在典型工况下的刚度性能、强度性能和固有频率。用板结构进行拓扑优化和形貌优化确定控制臂外轮廓形状,再分别采用单目标拓扑优化降低典型工况下的柔顺度和提高前三阶固有频率,并采用多频率加权方式来抑制频率单目标优化时的振荡现象。将单目标拓扑优化形成的子序列与各个目标最优值形成的最优序列进行灰色综合关联分析,得到子目标的权重系数。用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化,根据优化结果对控制臂进行改进设计。改进后结构分析表明:优化后的控制臂质量减轻9.3%,整体刚度性能和强度性能明显增强,各阶固有频率均有不同程度提高。     

考虑多工况油箱支架结构拓扑优化研究

为保证油箱支架结构能更好地满足不同行驶工况下的承载要求,需要在设计阶段考虑其在多工况下的静态刚度特性,对整个支架结构进行合理的多目标拓扑优化设计。基于固体各向同性材料惩罚函数优化理论,运用折衷规划法定义了车辆在不同行驶工况下的静态刚度拓扑优化目标函数,根据优化结果,设计出了一种满足刚度要求的新支架结构。     

客车铝合金车身连接件多目标优化

铝合金客车车身多采用机械连接的方式,连接件的设计质量直接关系到铝合金客车的刚度、强度、模态及轻量化等方面的综合性能。文中面向铝合金公交车车身结构提出一种连接件的多目标优化设计方法,采用折衷规划法将单目标优化转化为多目标优化,根据优化结果获得兼顾刚度和振动频率要求的公交车连接件拓扑结构,并开展整车强度及刚度分析。结果表明：优化后的连接件质量减少35.79%;整车一阶固有频率提升12.1%;骨架弯曲刚度和扭转刚度分别提升了14.98%和31.32%;4种工况下公交车整体应力值均未超过其材料的许用应力。     

某商用车蓄电池支架多目标拓扑优化

为使蓄电池支架在轻量化的基础上能够满足汽车各工况下强度性能及要求,采用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化,通过灰色关联分析法确定子目标的权重系数。首先在原始电池支架模型结构基础上,考虑实际装配和功能,建立了蓄电池支架初始拓扑优化模型;然后对其进行多工况和综合频率优化,并通过灰色关联分析法确定子目标函数的权重,运用折衷规划法进行多目标拓扑优化。最终得到的新模型质量比原模型降低10.9%,低阶频率及刚度有较大提高,各极限工况应力均小于许用值。结果表明,轻量化的蓄电池支架满足性能要求,验证了设计的合理性。     

基于 Ａｌｔａｉｒ- ＯｐｔｉＳｔｒｕｃｔ标准型动车机箱 结构拓扑优化设计

利用 Ｈｙｐｅｒｗｏｒｋｓ软件对标准型动车机箱结构进行了有限元分析,通过分析充电机机箱多种承 载工况,确定各工况的最优权重系数,进行了结构的综合目标设计优化,最终得出蒙皮加强筋的最佳布局型 式,其一阶模态频率提高了５６．１８％。同时为了保证机箱静动态承载性能的前提下对机箱部件进行拓扑优 化,部件质量减重２．１０ｋｇ。本文对机车充电机机箱结构的优化研究具有一定的工程意义和参考价值。     

考虑刚柔耦合的工业机器人多目标可靠性拓扑优化

为了减少工业机器人的制造和各种环境等随机不确定性因素造成结构系统性能下降,且综合提高其静动态特性、降低结构质量,提出一种考虑刚柔耦合的工业机器人多目标可靠性拓扑优化方法。利用多体动力学和有限元方法建立刚柔耦合动力学模型,获得特殊工况下臂部动态载荷。采用一次二阶矩法得到臂部可靠性指标,并用可靠性指标反映不确定性因素的影响,提出基于折衷规划法归一化子目标建立综合目标函数、以层次分析法确定综合目标函数中子目标权重系数,对臂部结构进行基于可靠性约束的拓扑优化设计。研究结果表明,优化后得到的臂部在满足可靠性的条件下质量减轻,整体刚度和强度性能明显增强,各阶固有频率均有不同程度提高。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.