疏水支链水性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

以2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇与十八烷基异氰酸酯反应制备带支链的二元醇,再以支链二元醇、聚(己二酸-新戊二醇酯)二醇、二羟甲基丙酸与IPDI反应合成了具有疏水功能的支链水性聚氨酯。研究了支链二元醇用量等工艺参数对水性乳液粒径、耐水性、力学性能的影响,着重探讨了支链结构对不同基材粘接性能的影响。     

聚醋酸乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液涂层的耐蚀性研究

通过单体原位插层半连续乳液聚合法制备了聚醋酸乙烯酯/蒙脱土(PVAc/MMT)纳米复合乳液,分别对PVAc/MMT和PVAc乳液涂层在紫外环境、湿热环境和自然环境三个条件下进行腐蚀研究。结果表明,PVAc/MMT纳米复合乳液涂层表现出优异的的性能,是一种理想的制备乳胶漆的乳液。     

不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及性能研究

通过原位聚合法制备了不饱和聚酯(UP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,且研究了蒙脱土的用量对UP性能的影响.研究结果表明,采用原位聚合法可制备剥离型UP/MMT纳米复合材料,当蒙脱土的质量分数为3%时,复合体系的力学性能较UP有大幅提高.通过密度法测量复合体系的体积收缩率发现,少量蒙脱土的加入就可大幅降低UP的体积收缩率;通过DSC研究UP/MMT复合体系的固化性能发现,蒙脱土的加入可降低体系的固化温度.     

聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和热性能研究

采用原位乳液聚合法和乳液共混法分别制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土(PSB/MMT)复合材料,研究不同类型的蒙脱土对插层结构类型的影响,用X射线衍射(XRD)对其插层结构进行表征,不同方法制备出的复合胶膜具有不同的插层结构,利用TG-DSC分析法分析其热降解性能。结果表明,添加了蒙脱土的PSB/MMT的复合体系热稳定性提高,其中插层型的要优于剥离型。     

原位乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/纳米蒙脱土复合乳液

通过原位乳液聚合法,采用5种不同类型的蒙脱土制备了聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土复合乳液。讨论了各种影响因素对复合乳液制备及乳液涂膜性能的影响,采用正交实验的方法对实验工艺进行优化,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)对复合物结构进行了分析。结果表明:蒙脱土在复合物中呈现纳米级分散,形成了插层型结构。钠型蒙脱土制备出的复合乳液性能较好,蒙脱土含量增加对单体聚合有一定阻聚作用。     

改性剂和增容剂在EPDM/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中的作用

采用熔融插层和不同链长的改性荆改性蒙脱土的方法制备了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)的测试结果表明：采用分子中亚甲基的数量小于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的复合材料为传统型复合材料。而采用分子中亚甲基的数量大于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的纳米复合材料为插层型。同时，笔者还探讨了EPDM接枝马来酸酐增容剂时复合材料形态的影响以及获得剥离型纳米复合材料的增容剂中马来酸酐的临界接枝率和增容剂最佳含量。此外，时该纳米复合材料的物理机械性能进行了评价。     

乳液插层法制备丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

采用乳液插层法制备了丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶/蒙脱土（SBR/NR/MMT）纳米复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜研究了复合材料的亚微观形态,并对复合材料的性能进行了研究。透射电镜结果显示,制备出了插层型的SBR/NR/MMT复合材料。当蒙脱土含量较低时,SBR/NR/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能随蒙脱土用量的增加而增大。SBR/NR/MMT复合材料的耐油性能随蒙脱土含量的增加而提高。蒙脱土的加入对纳米复合材料的耐磨性能没有太大影响。     

有机化纳米蒙脱土复合SBS改性沥青的流变与黏弹特性

采用硬脂基三甲基氯化铵(STAC)对纳米蒙脱土(MMT)进行接枝并制备了有机化改性纳米蒙脱土(S-MMT),随后将不同掺量的S-MMT添加到苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青以制备复合改性沥青。借助动态剪切流变仪和弯曲梁流变仪，对S-MMT复合SBS改性沥青进行了高中低温度流变性能和蠕变松弛性能测试，结果表明，S-MMT增强了与SBS改性沥青分子的亲和性、改善了其高温车辙抗性和低温开裂抗性、降低了其累积剪切蠕变变形和永久变形；S-MMT的加入显著提升了SBS改性沥青的流变性能和黏弹变形能力。     

PEO处理蒙脱土填充PVC的制备与力学性能

为更加有效地制备聚氯乙烯和蒙脱土纳米复合材料及增加两者之间的相容性，将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和钠基蒙脱土(MMT)在水中复合，制得凝胶，此凝胶干燥粉碎用于填充聚氯乙烯(PVC)，研究了对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，PEO能够提高MMT对PVC的相容性，PVC／P-MMT复合材料具有较好的力学性能。因此，PEO和MMT的复合不失为制备有机改性纳米蒙脱土的有效方法。     

聚苯胺/蒙脱土纳米材料的制备及改性环氧应用

将苯胺直接插层到有机蒙脱土(MMT)片层间,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,原位聚合制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。傅里叶变换红外分析、X射线衍射分析和透射电镜观察表明,当MMT的用量为苯胺质量的10%以下时,可制得纳米级复合材料。考察PANI/MMT纳米复合粉末对环氧树脂力学性能、热性能的影响表明:蒙脱土以1nm厚的剥离片层形式分散在环氧树脂中时,材料的力学性能和热性能都有明显改善,这与所制备的有机无机纳米结构有直接的关系。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.