糖蜜的应用研究进展

阐述了制糖下脚料糖蜜的应用研究进展,主要介绍了糖蜜的直接应用、发酵应用及改性应用研究。展望了改性糖蜜的应用研究前景。     

化学分析在化工材料检测中的应用探究

从化学分析在化工材料检测中实验技术应用视角，探究化学分析的应用标准、优化、功能及方法，并结合化学分析在化工材料检测中的应用需求，制定基础的应用策略，提升化学分析在化工材料检测中的应用有效性。     

碳纤维电加热元件最新研究进展

电热是目前应用最为广泛的加热形式之一,电热元件是加热设备的供热部件。碳纤维作为一种高性能纤维,其电热性能非常优异。本文综述了碳纤维作为加热元件的最新应用与进展,重点论述了碳纤维在电热性能方面的应用：碳纤维的导电加热原理、道路除冰中的应用、地板辐射采暖(地暖)中的应用、电加热管中的应用和电加热服中的应用,最后对碳纤维电热性能的应用进行了展望。     

填料在建筑涂料中的应用及其发展

介绍了我国建筑涂料用填料的开发应用情况。填料在建筑涂料中的应用近年来获得了很大的技术进步,例如开发应用了新型填料、增加了填料品种、扩展了一些填料的应用范围、提高了涂料的应用性能。     

核磁共振在石油测井中的应用

文中基于核磁共振在石油测井中的应用,分析了核磁共振测井孔隙度的应用、核磁共振测井流体识别的应用以及核磁共振测井束缚水和渗透率的应用。     

纳米技术及其在化工行业中应用

纳米技术是兴起的一种全新的技术，也是未来应用最广的技术。简要地概述了纳米材料在各个领域的应用，重点介绍在化工行业中的应用，并指出纳米材料的应用前景。     

数据驱动方法在流程工业中的应用命题综述

相对于具体技术方案,数据驱动方法在工业应用取得成功首先取决于应用命题本身.从流程工业应用的角度,对涉及数据驱动方法的应用命题进行了提炼和分类,并用典型的例子和文献将这些类别的应用命题具体化,包括应用命题背景、目标的简单描述和数据驱动方法在解决这些命题时所担负的角色.同时,还对数据驱动方法的流程工业应用研究做了展望,提出了数据完备性问题.     

电气工程及其自动化的智能化技术应用

本文主要围绕电气工程及其自动化的智能化技术应用展开研究,通过分析智能化技术应用的优势和应用过程中存在的问题,探究其在相关领域应用的具体方向和应用效率,推动后续各项工作合理开展,保障其工作质量。     

现代控制技术在化工—真空干燥领域的应用

真空干燥技术在中国化工领域有着重要的应用,目前PLC和单片机控制已经在真空干燥领域得到广泛的应用,已经能实现对干燥过程的在线和实时控制;一些先进的控制技术,如模糊控制技术也得到了应用;但与其他领域的应用相比,一些更为先进的控制手段和技术没有被应用,现代控制技术在真空干燥领域的应用还有待于进一步的发展。     

硅藻土在有机合成中的开发与应用

我国硅藻土资源丰富,由于其独特的物化性能,近年来其应用范围不断得到扩展。介绍了硅藻土的应用范围,以及在国内外应用概况,拓展其在有机合成领域的应用。     

电-生物体系的运行方式对二氯酚还原降解的影响

废水中较高浓度的2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)以溶解态和胶体2种形态存在。研究了间歇式电辅助微生物体系(IEMS)和连续式电辅助微生物体系(CEMS)对较高浓度2,4-DCP的还原降解效果。结果表明CEMS对溶解性2,4-DCP的降解符合零级反应动力学特征,动力学常数为0.245 h-1,对2,4-DCP降解中间产物邻氯酚(2-CP)和对氯酚(4-CP)的降解也为零级反应,动力学常数分别为0.048、0.081 5 h-1。IEMS在停止电辅助期间对胶体态2,4-DCP的水解效率远高于CEMS,2个体系均为零级反应,动力学常数分别为0.083 4、0.027 1 h-1。较高浓度的2,4-DCP宜采用IEMS处理。     

Treatment of Water Contaminated with Chlorinated Organic Herbicide 2,4-D by an Ozone/Gamma Process

Radiation-induced degradation of 50 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was investigated in different ozonation times. Co-60 gamma-source was used as a gamma-source with a dose rate of 0.07 kGy/h. Ozonized samples were irradiated for the 0.2 kGy dose. It is observed that irradiation enhances the degradation of 2,4-D with ozone. The amount of passed ozone from samples is between 0.0695 g/L and 8.33 g/L with a flow rate of ozone at 0.078 L/min (10 g/h), from 10 s to 1200 s with the ozone generator. Aliphatic acids and chloride were determined with ion chromatography. Formaldehyde, dissolved oxygen, pH and total acidity were also measured. Both species and amounts of radiolytic intermediates were determined. 2,4-dichloro phenol (2,4-DCP) is one of the toxic intermediates of 2,4-D observed with GC/MS and it decomposes at further ozonation times. It is observed that combination of ozone/gamma irradiation is more effective for degradation of 2,4-D and its intermediate 2,4-DCP. Chloride ions are observed as completely released with combined processes at lower ozonation times although nearly 98% are released with 20 min' ozonation. Intermediate 2,4-DCP decomposes at earlier ozonation times than 2,4-D.     

溶液初始pH值对2,4-D臭氧直接反应动力学的影响

引言 目前,农药被大量研制及施用,由此带来的农药污染越来越受到人们的重视.含氯苯氧梭酸类除草剂2,4-D(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)是一种使用较广、应用较早的除草剂.2,4-D自然降解较慢,由于具有非挥发性和可溶性,易导致地下水或地表水污染,水体中已经可以检测到2,4-D的存在.     

2.4—二氟苯腈合成方法的研究

介绍以２,４－二氯甲苯为原料经过侧链氯化反应,氨解反应和氟取代反应三步,制备２,４－二氟苯腈的工艺路线,总收率可达３５％,产品的纯度可以达到９８％。     

Adsorption of 2,4-D onto activated carbon: Application of Nth order approximation

Adsorption kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) onto activated carbon is presented in this paper. The equilibrium adsorption of 2,4-D is described by a Freundlich type isotherm and the batch kinetic experiments are analysed using a surface diffusion model. The model equations are simplified by an nth order approximation and, when applied to the experimental data, the approximation predicted the film transfer and diffusion coefficients with a good accuracy.     

1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯的合成研究

采用1,5 二氯 2,4 二硝基苯与无水氟化钾反应合成1,5 二氟 2,4 二硝基苯的方法,对其氟化条件进行了研究,其最佳工艺条件为:在DMF溶剂中,1,5 二氯 2,4 二硝基苯与无水氟化钾摩尔比为1∶3,于110～115℃搅拌反应4h,产品收率为85%(以1,5 二氯 2,4 二硝基苯计),纯度为90%。     

含氟中间体的生产与开发

介绍了2,4-二氯氟苯、2,4-二氟硝基苯、2,4-二氟苯胺、3,5-二氟苯胺、邻氟苯酚、对三氟甲基苯胺、2,3,5,6-四氟苄醇、六氟丙酮、三氟乙酸、全氟碘烷等21种含氟中间体的用途、生产方法和生产厂家。我国含氟中间体的主要生产厂家有阜新特种化学品股份有限公司、江苏暨阳集团、江苏东方化工集团、台州市第二化工厂、浙江鹰鹏化工有限公司等。     

3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione – An Intense Odour Compound Formed during Flavour Reversion of Soya-Bean Oil

Nonane-2,4-dione and 3-mehthylnonane-2,4-dione were identified in reverted soya-bean oil. The odour threshold of the latter compound, which smelled “lard-like, strawy, fruity”, was very low (0.01 ng/1 air) in comparison to that of the nonane-2,4-dione (3.9ng/1 air). Based on its odour properties and the result of an aroma extract dilution analysis, which have been recently reported (Fat Sci. Technol. 90 , 332 [1988]), it was concluded that 3-methylnonane-2,4-dione contributed very strongly to the reversion odour of soya-bean oil. 3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione, 3,7-dimethyloctane-2,4-dione, decane-2,5-, -3,5-and- -4,5-dione, 3-oxo- and 5-oxodecanal were prepared as reference for the identification experiments. The spectroscopic (1H-NMR, MS) and odour threshold data are reported.     

Efficient and selective adsorption of nitroaromatic explosives by Zr-MOF

Herein, the Zr-MOF UiO-66-NH₂ was synthesized in a facile method. When the as-synthesized UiO-66-NH₂ is served as an adsorbent for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (PA), styphnic acid (TNR), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) in water, the absorption capacities are 0.0225, 0.024, 0.0296, 0.0005, and 0.002 g/g, respectively. This suggests that UiO-66-NH₂ is an excellent adsorbent for PA, TNR, and 2,4-DNP and is promising material for the removal of PA, TNR, and 2,4-DNP from wastewater. The excellent adsorption performance is attributed to the hydrogen-bond interactions between UiO-66-NH₂ and these explosives.     

Comparison of Activated Carbon and Hydrophobic Zeolite Efficiencies in 2,4-Dichlorophenol Advanced Ozonation

This study aims at comparing the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by 3 methods; adsorption using hydrophobic zeolite (faujasite) or activated carbon (S-23 and L-27), conventional ozonation and hybrid adsorption/ozonation treatment. On the one hand, the three materials correctly adsorb 2,4-DCP; however the adsorption kinetics using zeolite is very low. On the other hand, ozonation totally removes 2,4-DCP after 1 h experiment and the simultaneous combination of adsorbent and ozone does not change the 2,4-DCP degradation. But, though ozonation and hybrid process appear to be equivalent for 2,4-DCP removal, activated carbons are able to decompose ozone and to improve chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, whereas the zeolite does not show this catalytic effect. Similar results were also observed in a former study with nitrobenzene. Adsorbent degradation is evaluated by Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, which evidence that Faujasite and S-23 activated carbon are resistant to ozone exposure whereas the pore volume and the surface area of L-27 activated carbon decrease during ozonation.