Influence Mechanism of Cerium on the Threshold of Short Fatigue Crack for Aluminum-lithium Alloy 2090

The short fatigUe cracks for aluminum-lithitim alloys are mainly in the field of mechanicalcharacteristic research [l--31. It is found thataluminum-lithium alloys eallibit the strongershort crack effect, which is difficult to overcome. In this icicle, the thresholds of short fatigUe cracks for alUminUm-lithium alloys 2090and 2090 Ce have been quantitatively stUdiedand evaluated. By adding Ce into alloy 2090, thebeneficial influence over the microstrUcture andproperties can be achieved [4, 5…     

The Weldability of an Al-Li-Cu Alloy

The development of low-density aluminum-lithium alloys for aerospace applications provides industry with an attractive alternative to fiber-reinforced composites for reducing weight while maintaining the fabrication cost advantages of aluminum. In this study, gas metal arc (GMA), gas tungsten arc (GTA), and electron beam (EB) welding processes were used to evaluate the potential fusion weld-ability of alloy 2090 (Al-2.2 Li-2.7 Cu-0.12 Zr). The results indicate that, with proper filler alloy selection, 2090 may be easily welded with a low sensitivity to weld solidification cracking. The weld porosity of 2090, the source of which is hydrogen enriched surface oxides, may be eliminated by chemically or mechanically milling the surface prior to welding. The dominant modification in the heat-affected zone of 2090 weldments is dissolution of strengthening phases. This degradation is reduced by the use of high energy density heat sources, such as an electron beam, or post-weld thermal treatments.     

Strength-ductility Combination in Aluminum-lithium Alloy 2090 Containing Rare Earth Element

1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉ ｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｏｐｔｉｍｉｚｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ ｌｉｔｈｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ[1～ 3].Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｅｐｈａｓｅｓ ,ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｅｓｆｒｅｅｚｏｎｅｓ (ＰＦＺ′ｓ) ,ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｐｈａｓｅｓａｔｇｒａｉｎｂｏｕｎｄａｒｉｅｓ ,ａｎｄｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｐ…     

稀土元素Ce和时效处理对Al-Li合金剥蚀性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Ce、时效处理以及Al-Li合金表面形 成的贫化层对其剥蚀性能的影响.结果表明，2090合金中加入微量Ce可明显提高其耐剥蚀 性能，但过量则有害.因Al-Li合金的剥蚀抗力与时效过程中T1相析出有密切关系，所以在近 峰值时效状态，合金的剥蚀敏感性较高，欠时效和过时效状态，合金的剥蚀敏感性较低.此 外Al-Li合金表面贫化层能提高其抗剥蚀性能.     

铝锂合金强化和韧化的特殊机理

以未再结晶晶粒结构的２０９０＋Ｃｅ铝锂合金板材为对象，从铝锂合金与普通铝合金力学行为的主要差别入手，以揭示经典理论难以解释的现象为目的，重点研究了该合金独有的精细结构与断裂特征的内在联系，以及力学行为对之的响应关系。涉及到室温拉伸行为，疲劳长、短裂纹扩展特性，断裂韧性，光滑疲劳极限     

Co-strengthening contribution of δ'' and T1 precipitates in Al-Li alloys 2090 and 2090+Ce

The microstructure of dislocation in two kinds of aluminum-lithium alloys 2090 and 2090 + Ce was observed by means of TEM technology. The contributions of δ' and T1 precipitates to strength were separately calculated by using the results of quantitative metallography and analysis of micro-deformation behavior; the co-strengthening effect of δ' and T1precipitates was studied. The results show that the adding relationship of co-strengthening of δ' and T1 is in accordance with q = 1.4 form at the near peak-aged condition, i.e., △τ1.4 p = △τ1.4 δ' + △τ1.4 T1; but the adding relationship is approximately a linear relation (q = 1) at the under-aged condition and becomes the parabola form when over-aged (q = 2). The adding relationship of co-strengthening contribution of δ' and T1 is obviously dependent on aging time.     

Influence of post-superplastic forming practices on the tensile properties of aluminum-lithium alloys

The effect of thermal processing following superplastic forming on the tensile properties of aluminum-lithium alloys is addressed. The starting materials consisted of alloys 8090, 2090, and X2095 (a Weldalite™ 049 variant) in the form of commercial- grade superplastic sheet. Experience dictates that post- forming practices aimed at a slightly underaged T6 temper produce balanced engineering proper-ties in these alloys. The objective of this study was to assess the potential to use a T5- type temper by elimi-nating the solution heat treatment and/or cold water quenching steps characteristic of T6 processing. The experimental procedures adopted ensured that the tensile properties compiled were representative of the bulk material Initially, the strengthening behavior of each alloy as a function of temper selection was established. Subsequently, aging practices that resulted in peak strength and balanced properties were identified for the baseline T6 temper and two T5 tempers. The implications for replacing a T6 tem-per with a T5- type temper, including rapid and slow cooling following forming, are discussed on the basis of the results.     

Mechanism of Enhanced Fracture Toughness in a Novel Al-Cu-Li-Ce Alloy

采用室温拉伸和Kahn撕裂测试方法,对一种加入不同含Ce量的新型Al-Cu-Li合金在T6态和T8态峰时效时的力学性能分别进行了测试;同时辅以扫描电镜和透射电镜对其断口形貌和晶界析出相相应的变化规律进行了研究。对所有状态样品的断口扫描照片和晶界析出相情况进行了统计。结果表明:T8态的强度值和UIE值(unit initiation energy)总体高于T6态,中等含Ce量的合金在T8态具有最高的强韧性配合。断口分析中发现:具有韧窝环绕金属间化合物特征的区域所占面积分数的变化趋势与UIE值变化规律一致;晶界分析表明:无析出带宽度的大小、晶界析出相的数密度和有效尺寸的变化决定了样品在不同Ce含量和热处理状态下的断裂阻力和裂纹扩展方式。     

2090Ce铝锂合金的焊缝热裂纹敏感性及接头力学性能

采用焊缝合金化手段，通过设计新型焊丝向焊缝中添加Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金化元素，研究了２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性；探讨了合金元素对接头力学性能的影响及作用规律；进而研究了适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ合金的焊丝合金成分。试验结果表明，向焊缝金属中添加适量的合金元素Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ，能够细化晶粒；增加焊缝中的共晶数量并改善其分布形态，从而有助于降低焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性。另外，适量的Ｌｉ、Ｚｒ和Ｃｅ等合金元素还能够在不降低接头塑性的同时，明显改善接头的强度；但Ｌｉ和Ｃｅ含量过多则会对接头性能，特别是塑性造成损害。所设计的焊丝材料能够适用于焊接２０９０Ｃｅ稀土铝锂合金。     

Effect of Delamination on Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloy Modified by Rare Earth Element Ce

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Study of Cerium and Lanthanum Conversion Coatings on AZ63 Magnesium Alloy Surface

采用扫描电子显微镜,X射线能谱,Tafel极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱法研究了铈镧转化膜对AZ63镁合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,铈和镧的复合转化膜比单一稀土膜的表面更加均匀致密,对镁合金的耐蚀性有明显改善。双稀土转化膜的缓蚀效果随着浸泡成膜时间的增长而增加。延长时效时间有助于铈和镧的进一步氧化,耐蚀性能先增后减,时效48 h膜层的耐蚀效果最好。     

电场处理的强化晶界效应与唯象理论

以2090＋Ce铝锂合金为研究对象,重点探索了电场处理的强化晶界效应,研究了室温拉伸性能、显微组织对之的响应关系。结果表明,电场固溶处理可强化晶界,从而减弱沿晶断裂倾向,获得改善塑性的效应,但对强度影响甚微。唯象理论研究表明,电场有助于增强晶内溶质固溶能力,阻碍溶质、空位簇聚。     

Interface electrochemical corrosion behaviour of alclad Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Cr Al alloy adhesively bonded with carbon fibre reinforced plastic stiffener

Abstract

Stiffening of Al alloy aircraft structures with carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminate called ‘patches’ is considered as a viable option to enhance fatigue life. Interface so created between the reinforcement and Al alloy structure is potential site for crevice corrosion attack. Therefore, studies were conducted to investigate the interface corrosion behaviour of peak and two-step aged Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Cr alclad alloy with and without the patch and examine the possibility to control the interfacial attack with the addition of cerium chloride inhibitor exposed to 3·5 wt-% NaCl solution for the durations of 2 and 168 h. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the interface attack was significantly reduced by the addition of 1000 ppm cerium chloride. The response of the peak and two-step aged alloy for such an addition was further investigated and found that the alloy under step aged condition behaves better than that of the peak aged condition.     

铝锂合金焊接技术的研究现状分析

铝锂合金作为轻质金属材料,具有优良的综合性能,因此应用前景十分广阔.从铝锂合金的焊接性出发,分别对铝锂合金弧焊,高能束焊,搅拌摩擦焊,扩散焊以及钎焊的研究现状进行了讨论.结果表明,采用各种焊接技术均可实现铝锂合金的焊接.分析了采用各种焊接技术焊接铝锂合金时的优势以及不足,并对各种焊接技术所获得接头的性能以及工艺改进措施进行了研究.针对目前各种焊接技术急需解决的问题以及铝锂合金焊接的发展方向,总结出了今后铝锂合金焊接研究的重点内容,并对铝锂合金焊接前景进行了分析与展望.     

Co-strengthening contribution of δ＇ and T1 precipitates in Al-Li alloys 2090 and 2090 ＋ Ce

The microstructure of dislocation in two kinds of ahiminum-lithium alloys 2090 and 2090 ＋ Ce was observed by means of TEM technology. The contributions of δ＇ and T1 precipitates to strength were separately calculated by using the results of quantitative metallography and analysis of micro-deformation behavior; the co-strengthening effect of δ＇ and T1 precipitates was studied. The results show that the adding relationship of co-strengthening of δ＇ and T1 is in accordance with q = 1.4 form at the near peak-aged condition, i.e., △τ^1.4δ = △τ^1.4δ＋ △τ^1.4T1, but the adding relationship is approximately a linear relation （q = 1） at the under-aged condition and becomes the parabola form when over-aged （q = 2）. The adding relationship of co-strengthening contribution of δ＇ and T1 is obviously dependent on aging time.     

铝锂合金双激光束双侧同步焊接各向拉伸性能分析

以新型航空铝锂合金2060为主要研究对象,采用经前期试验验证的较优的激光焊接工艺参数开展焊接试验,制取接头试样,并设计了不同方向的拉伸试验. 研究了焊接接头在纵向、环向等各个方向上的拉伸强度性能,分析了激光功率、焊接速度等工艺参数对接头拉伸性能的影响. 结果表明,2060铝锂合金具有较好的激光焊接工艺适应性,但在接头软化、拉伸性能控制等方面有待开展进一步研究.     

形变热处理工艺对2024铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相显微分析、x射线衍射物相分析、扫描电镜断口扫描等手段,研究了形变热处理工艺对2024铝合金组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明,预变形使合金的时效强化效果提前;随着变形量的增加,延伸率有所下降,合金强度先提高后降低,在变形量为40％时最大。析出相随变形量增大而更加弥散细化;但大变形时效态的合金析出强化相明显减少,表明大变形使合金析出相的析出机制发生了改变。     

Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗研究

研究了T6态峰时效AA2090及AA8090A1—Li合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀的电化学阻抗持征．结果表明，剥蚀发生之前，AA8090合金电化学阻抗谱由一个压缩的高频容抗弧和一个低频感抗弧组成，且低频感抗成分随浸泡时间延长而减弱并消失；一旦发生剥蚀，其电化学阻抗谱即由一个高频和一个低额两个容抗弧组成．而AA2090合金在较短浸泡时间内由于较大面积蚀孔的产生，其电化学阻抗谱上即出现一个高频及一个低频两个容抗弧．发生剥蚀后，两种合金具有相同的电化学阻抗持征．     

Mo-Si合金室温及高温拉伸力学性能研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备了不同Si含量(0,0.1,0.3wt%Si)的Mo-Si合金板材,并在25,300,800和1200℃下进行了静拉伸试验,研究了试验温度对Mo-Si合金板材力学性能、断裂方式及微观组织的影响。结果表明:随试验温度升高,纯钼及Mo-Si合金板材强度明显下降,但延伸率以300℃为分界点呈现出先升后降的趋势。室温下Mo-Si合金的断裂方式为穿晶解理断裂,在300及800℃时主要为韧窝延性断裂,而1200℃时为沿晶断裂。对Mo-Si合金强化机制的分析表明,室温下的强化主要来源于弥散强化和固溶强化,而在高温时,固溶作用明显减弱,颗粒弥散和粗化晶粒为主要的强化手段。     

EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES AND RARE EARTH ADDITION ON THE TOUGHENING LEVELS OF Al-Li BASED ALLOYS 2090 AND 1420

1.IntroductionItispossiblethatbifurcatinganddeflectingduringthecrackpropagationanddelaminatingonthefracturesurfacecancauseanadditionaltougheningbehaviourfortheengineeringmaterials.Theadditionaltougheningbehaviourfromthesefracturepatternsbelongstotheextrinsictougheningscope.Theextrinsictougheningandthenaturaltoughening,ortheintrinsictoughening,arethedecisivefactorsforthetotaltoughenillglevelofthematerials.Ingeneral,thetotaltougheninglevelcanbeobjectivelyreflectedbythematerialfracturetoughness.…