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Mustafa Esmer Hamdi Alper Özyiğit 《Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals》2017,70(8):2137-2145
Copper staves are widely used as cooling systems for blast furnaces. Since the inside wall of the furnaces are completely covered with copper staves, the failure of the system plays a significant role for premature blast furnace relining. Especially the bosh area is the critical part of blast furnaces because it faces high heat load. The damage to the bosh area directly affects the service period of BF’s. The lifetime of furnaces can be prolonged considerably by preventing the premature damage of this section. For this purpose, a new approach has been introduced to define the premature risk factor of copper staves based on design and operation parameters. The data of 34 different blast furnaces obtained from the members of World Steel Assoc. are applied to this new approach to calculate the premature risk factors. The results are recorded and analyzed according to service lifetime and actual wear situations of copper staves. Finally, all these analyzes show that the new approach, which is represented in this paper can be a new design check parameter for blast furnaces and a practical solution to define the premature wear risk of copper staves. Therefore, blast furnace designers and users can extend the blast furnace lifetime by using this new approach resulting in high economic benefits. 相似文献
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解决中天钢铁高炉炉壳上涨实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高炉炉壳上涨是近几年钢铁企业部分高炉面临的一个难题,控制高炉炉壳上涨对高炉的长寿、安全稳定运行有重要意义。针对中天高炉炉壳上涨问题,以压力容器盲板力的计算为依据,结合长期分析和治理实践,明确了高炉炉壳上涨的关键原因是由炉内压力产生的盲板力所导致;并给出了高炉炉壳上涨的5个具体步骤,炉底板变形,炉内耐材变形,耐材之间出现缝隙,有害金属沿着缝隙富集,炉壳逐步长高。在此基础上,针对性地研发了双炉底板结构,并在中天钢铁的多座高炉上进行了成功应用,解决了高炉炉壳上涨的难题。将探索高炉炉壳上涨原因的焦点从原料、操作、施工和耐材材质等方面转向高炉炉底板自身强度上。 相似文献
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Hatch (Canada) has developed a system for the nondestructive monitoring of the residual lining thickness in blast furnaces and eletrofurnaces. This system, which is based on an acoustic–ultrasound echo signal (AU-E), supplements the traditional thermal simulation of the furnace lining by means of built-in thermocouples or on the basis of the thermal load on the cooling units in the blast furnace. By this means, the position of cracks and anomalies may be determined, and the boundary between the coating and the refractory may be identified. The constraints and sources of error in the AU-E method are analyzed, and an improved version is outlined. The improved method takes account of the influence of the following factors on the wave propagation: high temperatures; the furnace shape and size; and the difference in acoustic resistance of different layers in a multilayer refractory lining. The AU-E method permits reliable and nondestructive monitoring of the refractory lining in smelting furnaces. The hardware and software of the AU-E system have been significantly improved, so as to obtain measurements of satisfactory accuracy. Estimates of the method’s precision are confirmed by physical measurements on inoperative blast furnaces. Examples of the utilization of this diagnostic system at various Russian and non-Russian plants are presented. Some technological measures that extend the blast-furnace run are noted. As shown in the present study, the use of several successive measurements permits the determination of the lining’s wear rate and the time remaining before major repair. The AU-E method continues to operate well at more than 70 blast furnaces around the world, including those at the Novolipetsk, Cherepovets, Nizhny Tagil, Western Siberian, and Magnitogorsk steel works, as well as at electrofurnaces producing ferroalloys, copper, and platinum. 相似文献
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分析全国重点钢铁企业和首钢历年年均风温的变化,介绍了首钢近年提高高炉风温情况。分析了近年首钢各厂区高炉的年均风温,结合1 250℃以上月均风温的实例,说明迁钢2号高炉高风温实践是首钢高炉风温进步的主要标志。讨论了与高风温紧密关联的工艺流程、设备及材料、原燃料和高炉操作等问题。高风温是1项综合技术,与大喷煤、富氧等技术融为一体,才能充分发挥其节能作用。 相似文献
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烧成微孔铝炭砖具有优良的使用性能,是一种适合高炉炉缸到炉身中部区域的新型优质耐火材料。该砖已在14座大型高炉上推广应用,使用效果良好。 相似文献
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A. N. Dmitriev Yu. A. Chesnokov K. Chen O. Yu. Ivanov M. O. Zolotykh 《Steel in Translation》2013,43(11):732-739
The Razgar Gorna computer program is developed for calculating two-dimensional temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal cross section of the blast-furnace hearth. In the calculations, the heat-conduction equations are solved by means of readings from many temperature sensors (up to 1000, depending on the volume) installed within the furnace lining between the refractory modules. Continuous temperature monitoring at each point permits the determination of the remaining lining thickness and prediction of the onset of lining wear, as necessary. A mathematical model is employed in continuous temperature monitoring of the lining. The database of the Razgar Gorna program relies on the collection, analysis, and transmission of information from the temperature or heat-flux sensors. The program is in use at blast furnaces in Chinese steelworks at Jinan (two furnaces), Jiyuan, and Liuzhou. 相似文献
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高炉大型化与我国高炉的发展状况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了世界高炉大型化发展情况,指出世界高炉大型化的发展过程是以建造大型,巨型高炉逐步淘汰小,中型高炉,而我国在建造大,中型高炉的同时小型高炉也蜂拥而上,星罗密布,这些地小高炉设备水平落后,生产效率低,造成矿产资源和能源严重浪费和对环境的严重污染。 相似文献
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根据近年来武钢2座大型高炉破损调查的资料,分析炉缸、炉底耐火材料破损的特征和原因。炉缸、炉底产生环形裂缝的主要原因是碱金属和锌的侵蚀,重点讨论锌对产生环形裂缝的影响。基于对炉衬侵蚀机理的分析,提出了能满足炉缸、炉底长寿要求的适宜的耐火材料。用于炉缸、炉底的耐火材料应具备导热率高、微孔或超微孔、抗铁水渗透性好和抗铁水熔蚀性好等性能。 相似文献
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The development of large blast furnaces in China is crucial for energy saving, emission reduction and transformation and promotion processes of iron and steel industry. However, the development of large blast furnaces in China was affected by the lower stability state and lack of new technology developments. In this article, the operation indexes of large blast furnaces of China in 2015 were introduced. Then the reasons for lower stability state of large blast furnaces were analysed and some improved measures were proposed. In addition, some new technical thoughts on the development of large blast furnaces were also proposed. 相似文献
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针对目前出现的高炉炉缸烧穿和短寿的情况,对其中一些高炉用的炭砖进行了解剖分析。结果发现:高炉炉缸烧穿和短寿的最主要原因是所用的炭砖质量太差。进口热压小炭砖是全部或部分采用电极石墨为原料生产的炭砖,而且不是微孔炭砖。某些高炉所采用的国产微孔炭砖和半石墨炭砖均为假冒伪劣产品。这些炭砖的生产工艺和技术已倒退到用普煅无烟煤生产普通炭砖的水平,而且由于加入大量电极石墨,使用效果还不如普通炭砖。为扭转高炉出现短寿的被动局面,建议采用岩相检验方法鉴别真假微孔炭砖,保证使用炭砖的高炉长寿。 相似文献
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Carbon footprint is the mass of carbon formed in the full cycle of manufacturing one kind or another product. This carbon is included in greenhouse gases. During production of iron and steel are generated carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases: methane, and carbon dioxide. Methane and carbon monoxide burn to carbon dioxide by secondary energy resources. By this means, the carbon footprint by the production of iron and steel has determined by the weight of carbon dioxide formed in this production. As results of analysis of the processes of manufacture of iron and steel, it has revealed that the tandem of blast furnace with electric arc furnace is characterized by a lower value of integrated emissions of CO2 than the tandem of blast furnace with an oxygen converter. It was proposed to process of the cast iron made by one blast furnace, then in the oxygen converter, and, at last, in one or more electric arc furnaces. Moreover, the electric arc furnace is loaded by 30% of iron produced in blast furnace, and the remaining 70% are complemented by metal scrap. In the oxygen converter is loaded, the part of cast iron (75–85%), that remained after processing in the arc furnace. The converter is applied the metal scrap for full loading. Calculations of total emission of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units are made. Simultaneous use of oxygen converter with electric arc furnaces for cast iron smelting (obtained from one blast furnace) helps to reduce reliably the emission of carbon dioxide to 20% as it is follows from these calculations. This suggests that such a triad of used units conforms to green technology. Example of the use of mentioned triad is for a full load of the converter applied to metal scrap. The calculations total emissions of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units were performed. From these calculations it follows that the simultaneous use of oxygen converters after electric arc furnaces for smelting iron (obtained from one blast furnace), it helps to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to 20%. This suggests that this triad of used units conforms to green technology. An example of using this triad is in the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, where along with the oxygen converter, electric arc furnaces with the use of locally produced electricity at burning fuel of secondary energy resources from units, in which the fuel is burnt. This practice can be recommended for a number of other metallurgical enterprises. 相似文献
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V. A. Gostenin S. N. Pishnograev A. V. Chevychelov V. P. Gridasov G. N. Logachev 《Steel in Translation》2012,42(2):131-135
The goal is to improve the operation of a group of blast furnaces by redistribution of the available energy resources between them. Analysis of production data yields the energy characteristics of the blast furnaces. Consumption figures are used to develop recommendations regarding the rational distribution of energy resources between the furnaces so as to reduce the overall coke consumption by 2.0?C2.5 kg/t of hot metal. The optimal theoretical combustion temperature in all the furnaces may be derived by correlation calculations and used to determine the optimal ratio of oxygen and natural-gas consumption. In furnace operation at near-optimal temperature, the coke consumption is reduced by 0.40?C0.90 kg/t of hot metal, while the productivity rises by 1.2?C3.1%. 相似文献