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1.
    
We propose a waveguide-based near-eye display featuring a dual-channel exit pupil expander, which is composed of an in-coupler, relay gratings, and an out-coupler. Unlike the conventional waveguide-based near-eye displays, whose field of views are usually non-split or partially split, our dual-channel exit pupil expander is able to evenly split the field of view into two halves. The greatest benefit of doing so is that the upper limit of field of view could be significantly increased. The design rules for all components, including the microdisplay, collimating lens, waveguide and gratings, have been studied. The refractive index and dimension of waveguide are identified as two factors that limit the field of view. In what follows, its key specifications are recapitulated. Field of view is 70° (diagonal), eye relief is 15 mm, exit pupil is 20 × 9 mm2, modulation transfer function is above 0.591 at 30 cycle/degree, contrast ratio is 13, and distortion is 1.38%.  相似文献   

2.
    
Abstract— In this research project, the influence of different monocular near‐to‐eye display (NED) positions on user comfort has been investigated. In total, 43 subjects participated in tests; 22 used above and 21 below NED positions during dual‐task performance for 40 minutes. SSQ and VSQ questionnaires were used to compare the eyestrain and other sickness symptoms before and after the task performance for both display positions. According to the subjective test results, the NED position above the eye causes more symptoms than the position below the eye.  相似文献   

3.
    
The arrival of near‐eye displays has challenged the traditional methods that have been used to measure the optical properties of displays. Near‐eye displays typically create virtual images and are designed for the relatively small entrance pupil of the human eye. These two attributes result in optical measurement requirements that are substantially different from traditional flat panel displays. This paper discusses the optical system requirements needed to make absolute radiometric and photometric measurements of near‐eye displays. These guidelines are contrasted with the performance of current optical measurement instruments. An initial study was conducted using traditional and modified instruments and exhibited a significant variance in the results with different near‐eye display designs. The study demonstrated that some traditional optical instruments can yield erroneous results when used to measure near‐eye displays. Generic optical system design concepts were used to interpret the experimental results and helped to identify how current commercial designs could be modified to properly measure near‐eye displays.  相似文献   

4.
    
Based on the recent development of Pancharatnam–Berry deflectors and lenses, we propose a compact and lightweight near‐eye display system with depth adaption. The compact design results from the polarization selectivity of Pancharatnam–Berry deflector waveguide coupler, and the fast‐switching Pancharatnam–Berry lenses can be exploited for generating correct light fields.  相似文献   

5.
    
Near‐eye light field displays based on integral imaging through a microlens array provide attractive features like ultra‐compact volume and freedom of the vergence‐accommodation conflict to head‐mounted displays with virtual or augmented reality functions. To enable optimal design and analysis of such systems, it is desirable to have a physical model that incorporates all factors that affect the image formation, including diffraction, aberration, defocusing, and pixel size. Therefore, in this study, using the fundamental Huygens‐Fresnel principle and the Arizona eye model with adjustable accommodation, we develop an image formation model that can numerically calculate the retinal light field image with near‐perfect accuracy, and experimentally verify it with a prototype system. Next, based on this model, the visual resolution is analyzed for different field of views (FOVs). As a result, a rapid resolution decay with respect to FOV caused by off‐axis aberration is demonstrated. Finally, resolution variations as a function of image depth are analyzed based on systems with different central depth planes. Significantly, the resolution decay is revealed to plateau when the image depth is large enough, which is different from real‐image type light field displays.  相似文献   

6.
    
Abstract— Near‐to‐eye (NTE) displays are generally systems where the imaging optics of a microdisplay is brought close to the eye, like a magnifying glass. In portable NTE terminals, the challenges are in achieving low power consumption as well as low weight and small size. Part of the problem is related to the microdisplay, but the optics also plays a major role. A study on how diffractive optical elements (DOEs) on planar waveguides can be used to miniaturize the optics of NTE displays is presented and the performance of the system is analyzed.  相似文献   

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Abstract— The viewing freedom of the reduced‐view super multi‐view (SMV) display was analyzed. It was found that there are separate multiple viewing ranges in the depth direction; thus, a technique that selects an appropriate viewing range to increase the longitudinal viewing freedom has been developed. Pixels of a flat‐panel display viewed by the viewer's eyes through a lenticular lens were determined from three‐dimensional (3‐D) positions of the viewer's eyes, which were obtained using an eye‐tracking system that employed a stereo camera. Parallax images corresponding to the 3‐D positions of the viewer's eyes were generated, which were displayed by the determined pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed technique successfully increased the longitudinal viewing freedom. It is also shown that a video camera was able to focus on the produced SMV images.  相似文献   

9.
    
Abstract— Near‐to‐eye displays (NEDs) provide a unique way to perceive a larger image than the device itself. The user acceptance of commercially available NEDs has not been high partly because of reported physiological symptoms. Devices also tend to be thick and heavy, and therefore uncomfortable to wear. To overcome these shortcomings and to make a very usable device, a new approach was needed. By using very thin plastic light guides with diffractive structures on the surfaces, many of the known obstacles can be notably reduced. These exit pupil expanders (EPEs) enable a light and thin design for see‐through NEDs. The so‐called chevron EPE was designed to further improve the design and usability aspects of NEDs. The diffractive EPE has typically one incoupling grating area that delivers light into the light guide symmetrically towards the left and right eyes. By using slanted or overhanging gratings, the incoupling is very asymmetric. If the incoupling area is divided into two parts, each having opposite slanting angles, the EPE plate can be cut in half, and the left and right parts can be separated. The plates can be further tilted to a chevron shape following more closely the human face and mimicking the conventional eyeglass design. The reflection of the light from the tilted plate is directed out from the image‐forming optics, and therefore the contrast is improved. The privacy of the usage is improved because at the output the secondary beams are harder to observe. Because the device is brought closer to face, it enables better weight balance. The chevron geometry partially prevents the ambient light from the sides to enter the diffractive structures, and thus the unwanted reflections are also reduced. Furthermore, the half‐size of the chevron EPE parts from the undivided EPE results in a better production yield.  相似文献   

10.
    
In this paper, we discuss an intuitive extension to compressive multilayer light field displays that greatly extends their field of view and depth of field. Rather than optimizing these displays to create a moderately narrow field of view at the center of the display, we constrain optimization to create narrow view cones that are directed to a few viewers' eyes, allowing the available display bandwidth to be utilized more efficiently. These narrow view cones follow the viewers, creating a wide apparent field of view. Imagery is also recalculated for the viewers' exact eye positions, creating a greater depth of field. The view cones can be scaled to match the positional error and latency of the tracking system. Using more efficient optimization and commodity tracking hardware and software, we demonstrate a real‐time, glasses‐free 3D display that offers a 100° × 40° field of view.  相似文献   

11.
    
The ‘positive polarity advantage’ describes the fact that reading performance is better for dark text on light background (positive polarity) than for light text on dark background (negative polarity). We investigated the underlying mechanism by assessing pupil size and proofreading performance when reading positive and negative polarity texts. In particular, we tested the display luminance hypothesis which postulates that the typically greater brightness of positive compared to negative polarity displays leads to smaller pupil sizes and, hence, a sharper retinal image and better perception of detail. Indeed, pupil sizes were smaller and proofreading performance was better with positive than with negative polarity displays. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the positive polarity advantage is an effect of display luminance. Limitations of the study are being discussed.  相似文献   

12.
    
Light field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation–convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In addition, although many e‐shifting devices have been proposed to enhance resolution in projection system, yet those devices are too bulky to be applied in an LFNED to keep it lightweight. In this paper, a compact e‐shifting component is proposed to enhance image resolution in an LFNED by using a birefringent plate and twisted nematic switch cell. The proposed e‐shifting device is a flat and thin component with only 2.6 mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of an LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in an LFNED with the result of resolution enhancement.  相似文献   

13.
    
There is a high demand for light‐weight, stylishly designed augmented reality (AR) glasses with natural see‐through capabilities for the wide‐spread distribution of novel wearable device to general consumers. We have successfully developed a unique production process of a holographic waveguide combiner that enables us to laminate holographic optical elements (HOEs) onto a plastic substrate with optical grade quality. The plastic substrate waveguide combiner has a number of advantages over conventional glass substrate combiners; the plastic substrate makes AR glasses lighter in weight and unbreakable. With the lamination process of HOEs, we can apply them to a various designs to satisfy general customers' wide range of preferences for the style. We also potentially made it possible for the holographic waveguide combiner to be produced in larger volumes at lower costs by using our novel roll‐to‐roll hologram recording and laminating process. In this paper, we present our approach of the plastic substrate HOE production process for AR glasses.  相似文献   

14.
    
A new 4T2C pixel circuit formed on a silicon substrate is proposed to realize a high‐resolution 7.8‐μm pixel pitch AMOLED microdisplay. In order to achieve high luminance uniformity, the pixel circuit compensates its Vth variation of the MOSFET for the driving transistor internally by using self‐discharging method. Also presented are 0.5‐in Quad‐VGA and 1.25‐in wide Quad‐XGA microdisplays with the proposed pixel circuit.  相似文献   

15.
    
We report a stretchable, flexible, and adherable polarization volume grating (PVG) film and propose a compact optical system for augmented reality displays based on it. The Bragg reflection band shift, deflection angle change, and the mechanical robustness under stretch‐release cycles of the PVG film are also investigated.  相似文献   

16.
    
A novel augmented reality display is proposed to achieve a field of view of 100°, while maintaining a good form factor with a glass‐thin waveguide combiner. The out‐coupler consists of an array of off‐axis diffractive lenslets with extremely low f‐number. A breadboard system is built and its performance characterized, combined with analysis and discussion of further improvement.  相似文献   

17.
    
Directional eye movements based eye‐controlled interaction focuses on interpreting the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal eye movements or their combinations as inputs to design user interfaces for people who suffer with severe mobility disabilities. In this paper, we take into consideration the inherent eye jitter and evaluate the accuracy of dynamic tracking of horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and rectangular eye movements prior to using them. We observe that the rectangular eye gesture composed of short horizontal and vertical eye movements has the best tracking accuracy in the presence of jitter. Finally, we present methods for identifying horizontal and vertical eye movements based on the trajectory of eye pupil centers from non‐frontal face images. We find that the methods are robust and effective within ±20°deflective azimuths of non‐frontal faces. This effectiveness is demonstrated by using the rectangular eye gesture as an interface to perform a painting task.  相似文献   

18.
    
High‐brightness micro‐LED display bonded onto silicon backplane has been successfully demonstrated. The 0.38‐inch full‐colour active matrix LED microdisplay system consists of 352 × 198 pixels. Each pixel is 24 μm square composed of red, green, and blue (RGB) subpixels corresponding to a pixel resolution of 1053 ppi. Quantum‐dot materials are formed on III‐nitride blue micro‐LED array to convert blue light into red and green for full‐colour operation. We have confirmed that this microdisplay, which we call “Silicon Display” has wide colour gamut exceeding 120% of sRGB. We describe the advantage of this colour‐converting approach for the full‐colour micro‐LEDs. Progress toward higher resolution is also described. Brightness of more than 30 000 cd/m2 has been confirmed at a driving current density of 4 A/cm2 for 3000 ppi blue monochrome micro‐LED prepared for full‐colour Silicon Display. We believe our “Silicon Display” is ideally suited for near‐to‐eye displays for augmented and mixed reality.  相似文献   

19.
    
We studied a new display system that realizes a Maxwellian view. The system is composed of a base display and a fly‐eye lens with micro‐pinholes. This forms ray intersecting points of diameter of 0.8 mm at a viewing distance of 280 mm. It was confirmed that the new display system can extend the depth of field of the human eye system, where the observer sets the ray intersecting point at his pupil.  相似文献   

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