0.18μm CMOS可编程增益放大器

介绍了一种基于0.18μm CMOS工艺,应用于5 GHz无线局域网(WLAN)的可编程增益放大器(PGA)。该PGA采用分级可选放大器的系统结构,核心电路由交叉耦合的共源共栅放大器和电流反馈放大器组成。为消除工艺角偏差对增益精度的影响,设计中加入了增益微调的机制。后仿真结果表明:PGA电压增益可在0 dB到41 dB之间以1 dB步长变化,双端输出的电压摆幅为1 Vp-p,并具有大于10 MHz的-3 dB带宽和小于21.1 mW的静态功耗。     

一种高精度宽带可编程增益放大器设计

基于SMIC 180 nm混合信号CMOS工艺,1．8 V电源电压供电,设计了一种应用于射频前端芯片的高精度宽带全差分可编程增益放大器（PGA ）．该PGA采用四级级联结构,且带有直流失调校准电路和可驱动50Ω电阻负载的超级源随器．流片测试结果表明,该PGA性能良好,由六位数字控制字实现0～50 dB增益范围变化,1 dB步进,步长误差小于0．2 dB ,1 dB带宽大于75 M Hz ,3 dB带宽大于110 M Hz ,放大电路部分消耗9 mA电流,输出buffer电路部分消耗8 mA电流,芯片有效面积为518μm ×406μm ．     

应用于无线传感网的低功耗PGA设计

可编程增益放大器(PGA)主要应用于无线传感网络射频前端接收机芯片.PGA的设计采用0.18 μm RF CMOS工艺,以负载可编程为基础实现增益可变.PGA电压增益范围1～60 dB,增益步长1 dB,增益误差小于0.5 dB,中心频率为2MHz,3 dB带宽大于3.2 MHz.通过控制放大器尾电流源工作与否来实现功耗管理.当电源电压为1.8 V时,最大功耗为4mw,最小功耗为1.3 mW.通过仿真验证,PGA性能能够满足系统设计要求.     

多模多频收发机中可编程增益放大器的设计

设计了一种基于运算放大器和电阻反馈网络的宽带全差分可编程增益放大器.该可编程增益放大器(PGA)采用三级级联结构,实现增益为1～57 dB可变,步长为2 dB.PGA中运放采用零点补偿法扩展带宽,整个PGA带宽达30 MHz.芯片采用IBM 0.13μm标准CMOS工艺实现,电源电压为2.5 V,功耗为62 mW.     

ADS1299：多路低噪音EEG模拟前端解决方案

TI公司的ADS1299是8路低噪音同时取样的24位delta-sigmaADC，并内置了可编程增益放大器（PGA），基准电压和振荡器，集成了脑电图（EEG）所需的通用特性。器件具有非常低的输入参考噪音1．0μVPP（70HzBW）。每路的功耗5mW，输入偏置电流300pA，数据速率250sps-16ksps，C1．0μVPP（70HzBW），CMMR为-110dB，     

低电压高增益带宽CMOS折叠式共源共栅运算放大器设计

本文基于SIMC 0．18μm CMOS工艺模型参数,设计了一种低电压高单位增益带宽CMOS折叠式共源共栅运算放大器。该电路具有相对高的单位增益带宽,并具有开关电容共模反馈电路（CMFB）稳定性好、对运放频率特性影响小的优点,Hspice仿真结果表明,在1．8V电压下,运算放大器的直流开环增益为62．1dB,单位增益带宽达到920MHz。     

用于DTV接收机的dB线性可编程增益放大器

针对DTV零中频接收机的系统要求,通过构造串并联相结合的退化电阻网络设计了一个高线性,宽增益变化范围的dB线性CMGS可编程增益放大器(PGA,Programaable Gain Amplifier).此可编程增益放大器在SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺下实现,增益变化范围为0～60 dB,最小增益步进0.5 dB,带6 pF电容负载时-3dB带宽为1.5MHz,且带宽恒定.在增益变化范围内,当输出差分峰峰值为1 V时,三阶交调失真在-60 dB以下.此PGA在3.3 V电压下工作,功耗小于4 mW.     

一种高CMRR和PSRR的共源共栅放大器

针对传统运算放大器共模抑制比和电源抑制比低的问题,设计了一种差分输入结构的折叠式共源共栅放大器。本设计采用两级结构,第一级为差分结构的折叠式共源共栅放大器,并采用MOS管作为电阻,进一步提高增益、共模抑制比和电源电压抑制比;第二级采用以NMOS为负载的共源放大器结构,提高增益和输出摆幅。基于LITE—ON40V1．0μm工艺,采用Spectre对电路进行仿真。仿真结果表明,电路交流增益为125．8dB,相位裕度为62.8°,共模抑制比140．9dB,电源电压抑制比125．5dB。     

3．1～10．6GHz超宽带低噪声放大器的设计

基于SIMC0．18μmRFCMOS工艺技术,设计了可用于3．1—10．6GHzMB—OFDM超宽带接收机射频前端的CMOS低噪声放大器（LNA）。该LNA采用三级结构：第一级是共栅放大器,主要用来进行输入端的匹配;第二级是共源共栅放大器,用来在低频段提供较高的增益;第三级依然为共源共栅结构,用来在高频段提供较高的增益,从而补偿整个频带的增益使得增益平坦度更好。仿真结果表明：在电源电压为1．8v的条件下,所设计的LNA在3．1～10．6GHz的频带范围内增益（521）为20dB左右,具有很好的增益平坦性f±0．4dB）,回波损耗S11、S22均小于-10dB,噪声系数为4．5dB左右,IIP3为-5dBm,PIdB为0dBm。     

用于数字电视接收机中PGA的设计

本文采用新型的电流模放大器和可编程的电阻反馈网络设计了一种高线性度的可编程增益放大器(PGA),单级的电压增益范围为0～20dB,增益步长0.5dB,3dB带宽1.7MHzMHz,两个输入谐波(tone)的频率为0.2MHz和0.3MHz,输出摆幅为峰峰值1V时,IM3大于60dB.在3.3V电源电压时功耗为2.38mW.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.