氯化亚锡-离子液体的合成及应用进展

综述了近年来氯化亚锡-离子液体作为一种新型lewis酸离子液体在不同反应类型中的合成及应用研究进展,主要包括:酯化、脱硫、加成、还原、重排等方面,并指出了该类离子液体发展待解决的瓶颈问题,展望了氯化亚锡-离子液体的发展前景。     

磁性离子液体的制备与应用研究进展

磁性离子液体是一种新型的功能化离子液体材料,具有优良的热稳定性、优异的电化学性能、良好的溶解性能以及可回收性等特性,使其在萃取分离、反应催化和复合材料等领域具有较好的应用前景。对目前合成的磁性离子液体做了概述并根据构效关系对主要的磁性离子液体进行了分类。综述了磁性离子液体的主要制备方法,主要有一步合成法、二步合成法和辅助合成法。介绍了磁性离子液体在萃取分离、反应催化及碳纳米管复合材料领域应用研究进展。最后根据磁性离子液体在合成和应用中的不足做了展望。     

室温离子液体在材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体的物理和化学性质相对稳定,具有结构可调的特性.作为一种新功能材料广泛用于材料合成领域.根据离子液体在材料合成中的不同作用,本文从离子液体作为反应溶剂、模板剂、电解液、以及同时作为溶剂和模板剂这4个方面介绍了其在材料合成中的应用研究进展.     

离子液体在高分子合成中的应用

离子液体作为一种"绿色溶剂",具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可以应用于自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、配位聚合、电化学聚合等反应体系。本文阐述了离子液体的特点及合成方法,介绍了离子液体在高分子合成中的应用。     

绿色溶剂中高效催化材料的合成及性能研究

高效催化材料研究一直是人们关注的重要研究领域。近年来,绿色与可持续化学及相关技术的发展引起了国内外普遍重视,对催化材料也提出了更高要求。充分利用超临界流体、离子液体等绿色溶剂的特性,提出了多种合成高效催化材料的绿色方法,制备了一系列催化材料,并研究了它们的性能。超临界流体具有许多特性,如类似于气体的粘度和扩散性、类似于液体的溶解能力、界面张力为零等,并且其性质可用温度和压力调节。以超临界水、超临界CO_2混合流体等为介质,充分利用超临界流体的特性,合成了一系列金属或金属氧化物/碳纳米管(CNT)复合材料。研究表明,所制备的CNT复合材料在化学催化、电化学、电子器件等领域有良好的应用前景。离子液体为高效催化材料的制备提供了新的介质。离子液体具有较强的吸收微波的能力,能以很快的速度达到较高的设定温度,因此以离子液体为介质的微波加热成为一种良好的加热方式。充分利用了离子液体的这一特性,通过微波加热在离子液体中合成了多种纳米材料。总之,超临界流体、离子液体等绿色溶剂为高效催化材料的合成提供了新的重要途径,有良好的应用前景。     

离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

氨基酸离子液体应用研究进展

氨基酸离子液体是一类新型的功能化离子液体,除了具有常规离子液体的低蒸汽压、低熔点、宽液程、溶解性好和稳定性高等性质外,还具有很强的氢键网络结构、稳定的手性中心、双配位基团、生物兼容性和可生物降解等许多独特的性质。本文综述了近年来氨基酸离子液体在溶解生物质、气体吸收、手性分离、催化等方面的应用研究进展。     

离子液体在生物燃料制备中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体作为新型功能材料,在生物燃料制备中的应用逐渐增多。离子液体具有蒸汽压小、熔点低和液态温度范围宽等特点;在生物燃料制备中,具有不腐蚀设备、不污染环境、能够重复使用的优点。介绍了离子液体中纤维素的预处理、溶解和水解等;同时阐述了离子液体作为催化剂、溶剂及催化剂载体在生物柴油合成方面的应用研究进展,最后展望了离子液体在可再生生物燃料制备中的发展方向。     

聚离子液体的合成及其在吸附分离领域中的应用 研究进展

聚离子液体(PILs)能结合离子液体与聚合物的优点,兼具优异的机械稳定性、加工性、离子导电性和化学相容性等,近年来受到学术界的广泛关注.介绍了聚离子液体的分类及合成方法,综述了聚离子液体在吸附分离领域的应用,并对聚离子液体的发展进行了展望.未来有关聚离子液体的研究中,化学结构与性能之间的构效关系、新型聚离子液体的合成及其应用将是聚离子液体的重要发展方向.     

离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合中的应用

离子液体具有优良的物理化学性能,受到研究者的广泛关注.近年来,有关离子液体在可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应中的应用有大量的研究报道.作为溶剂,离子液体能溶解一些较难溶解的聚合物,如纤维素和壳聚糖等,可以为聚合反应提供较好的反应环境;作为单体,通过RAFT聚合可制备出聚合离子液体均聚物或带有聚合离子液体链段的嵌段聚合物,可以应用于燃料电池电解质膜、太阳能电池、催化、分离及吸附剂等领域;离子液体还可以作为表面活性剂,应用于RAFT的乳液聚合或细乳液聚合,有效地稳定和控制聚合物颗粒大小.从溶剂、单体和表面活性剂方面出发,简单总结了离子液体在RAFT聚合反应中的应用.     

Chiral ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography

Recently, it has been found that room-temperature ionic liquids can be used as stable, unusual selectivity stationary phases. They show "dual nature" properties, in that they separate nonpolar compounds as if they are nonpolar stationary phases and separate polar compounds as if they are polar stationary phases. Extending ionic liquids to the realm of chiral separations can be done in two ways: (1) a chiral selector can be dissolved in an achiral ionic liquid, or (2) the ionic liquid itself can be chiral. There is a single precedent for the first approach, but nothing has been reported for the second approach. In this work, we present the first enantiomeric separations using chiral ionic liquid stationary phases in gas chromatography. Compounds that have been separated using these ionic liquid chiral selectors include alcohols, diols, sulfoxides, epoxides, and acetylated amines. Because of the synthetic nature of these chiral selectors, the configuration of the stereogenic center can be controlled and altered for mechanistic studies and reversing enantiomeric retention.     

Separation of achiral and chiral analytes using polymeric surfactants with ionic liquids as modifiers in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

In this study, we report the use of ionic liquids as modifiers in the separation of achiral and chiral analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. In this investigation, polymeric surfactants and ionic liquids were added to a low-conducting buffer solution. The polymeric surfactants used in this study were poly(sodium N-undecylelinic sulfate) and poly(sodium oleyl-l-leucylvalinate). The ionic liquids used in this study were chosen because of their high conductivity, hydrophobicity, and good solvating properties. Thus, it was expected that these ionic liquids would have the ability to assist in the separation of hydrophobic mixtures while maintaining adequate background current. Three analyte mixtures were separated using various buffer combinations of polymeric surfactant and ionic liquids. The ionic liquids were shown to improve the resolution and peak efficiency of the analytes while maintaining adequate background current.     

FeCl3低温共熔Cl深度萃取模拟油脱硫性能的研究

用 N-甲基咪唑和氯代正辛烷为原料,首先合成出中间体[Omim]Cl,然后与几种典型的金属氯化物按不同的物质的量比合成出了一系列的离子液体,采用红外光谱对其进行表征,并考察了离子液体对正辛烷中二苯并噻吩的萃取脱除效果。对几种不同的离子液体的脱硫性能进行了初步比较,并针对[Omim]Cl·2FeCl3离子液体详尽考察了剂油体积比、萃取时间、萃取温度、硫化物的种类、重复利用次数等因素对脱硫率的影响。结果表明,萃取温度为25℃,萃取时间为20 min,剂油体积比为1∶20时,[Omim]Cl·2FeCl3对 DBT 的脱除率高达99.20%,并且对4种不同含硫组分的脱除能力：DBT>BT>T>3-MT。且离子液体再重复使用5次后,对 DBT 的脱除率还能够达到89.56%,离子液体经回收之后,对 DBT 的脱除率没有明显的下降,表明再生效果良好。实验数据对咪唑离子液体的萃取脱硫性能研究和反应条件的优选提供了重要信息。     

一类新型绿色环保的介质材料--咪唑类离子液体

室温离子液体已成为绿色环保材料领域研究的热点之一.本文简述了咪唑类室温离子液体的制备方法,分析了结构与性能的关系,介绍了咪唑类离子作为液体绿色环保介质材料在化学反应、分离过程和电化学领域中的一些应用.     

Determination of water in room temperature ionic liquids by cathodic stripping voltammetry at a gold electrode

An electrochemical method based on cathodic stripping voltammetry at a gold electrode has been developed for the determination of water in ionic liquids. The technique has been applied to two aprotic ionic liquids, (1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), and two protic ionic liquids, (bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate and triethylammonium acetate). When water is present in an ionic liquid, electrooxidation of a gold electrode forms gold oxides. Thus, application of an anodic potential scan or holding the potential of the electrode at a very positive value leads to accumulation of an oxide film. On applying a cathodic potential scan, a sensitive stripping peak is produced as a result of the reduction of gold oxide back to gold. The magnitude of the peak current generated from the stripping process is a function of the water concentration in an ionic liquid. The method requires no addition of reagents and can be used for the sensitive and in situ determination of water present in small volumes of ionic liquids. Importantly, the method allows the determination of water in the carboxylic acid-based ionic liquids, such as acetate-based protic ionic liquids, where the widely used Karl Fischer titration method suffering from an esterification side reaction which generates water as a side product.     

新型高分子手性催化剂

介绍了一种新型高分子手性催化剂及不对称合成反应，催化剂在不对称合成反应中的应用以及初步验证实验。     

Preparation of AgX (X = Cl, I) nanoparticles using ionic liquids

Nanoparticles of silver halides have been prepared by mixing silver halide powder with a single liquid phase consisting of an ionic liquid, isooctane, n-decanol and water. Much higher nanoparticle concentrations may be formed with ionic liquids using this new simple method than are found with conventionally applied surfactants. This method also emphasizes the applicability of ionic liquids as versatile components in microemulsions and as solvents for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The effect on the nanoparticles of changing the composition of the liquid mixtures and the nature of the ionic liquid is analysed. High nanoparticle concentrations were only found with chloride based ionic liquids, indicating the importance of the ionic liquid anion in the mechanism of the reaction.     

High-stability ionic liquids. A new class of stationary phases for gas chromatography

Room-temperature ionic liquids are a class of non-molecular ionic solvents with low melting points. Their properties have the potential to be especially useful as stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A series of common ionic liquids were evaluated as GLC stationary phases. It was found that many of these ionic liquids suffer from low thermal stability and possess unfavorable retention behavior for some classes of molecules. Two new ionic liquids were engineered and synthesized to overcome these drawbacks. The two new ionic liquids (1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) are based on "bulky" imidazolium cations with trifluoromethanesulfonate anions. Their solvation characteristics were evaluated using the Abraham solvation parameter model and correlations made between the structure of the cation and the degree to which the ionic liquids retain certain analytes. The new ionic liquids have good thermal stability up to 260 degrees C, provide symmetrical peak shapes, and because of their broad range of solvation-type interactions, exhibit dual-nature selectivity behavior. In addition, the ionic liquid stationary phases provided different retention behavior for many analytes compared to a commercial methylphenyl polysiloxane GLC stationary phase. This difference in selectivity is due to the unique solvation characteristics of the ionic liquids and makes them very useful as dualnature GLC stationary phases.     

离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的应用研究进展

近年来,离子液体因具有不易挥发、性质稳定、透光性好、导电率高、可设计性,以及易于在界面处形成双电层等物理化学性质,而展现出广阔的应用潜力和前景,逐渐成为国际科学研究的前沿和热点之一。其中,将离子液体应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)、钙钛矿太阳能电池和有机光电探测器等有机光电转换器件的研究备受关注。 在有机光电转换器件中,离子液体在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的应用最为广泛且完善。高效DSSCs主要是基于有机溶剂的液态电解质结,但有机溶剂在带来较高光电转换效率的同时,其本身存在的易挥发汽化、光热稳定性差等缺点,导致DSSCs的器件寿命与长期稳定性受到影响,离子液体的引入能有效解决以上问题。此外,离子液体还以电子传输层以及界面修饰层的形式引入,具有高电荷迁移率、低功函数以及高稳定性等优点,能在一定程度上改善器件的短路电流、填充因子和光电转换效率等。因此,离子液体成为在DSSCs的实际应用中兼具性价比高、封装难度低、性能好、稳定性高四大优点的辅助材料。在钙钛矿太阳能电池方面,离子液体的低功函数和高电子迁移率以及一些特殊性质如钝化反应、黏度效应等,都能够实现对电子萃取率、电荷转移电阻、钙钛矿结晶情况等方面的控制以满足实际设计要求,进而有助于钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率、填充因子等性能指标不同程度的提升。在有机光电探测器方面,引入的离子液体能促使在与之接触的界面处形成双电层,双电层的形成及离子液体的高导电率使得入射光不必照射有机光电探测器上下电极的重叠区域仍旧可以产生较大的光电流输出,从而可以有效摆脱有机光电探测器对电极材料透光性要求的局限性。同时双电层的形成还将促进有机光电探测器工作层中的电荷分离,进一步提高有机光电探测器的响应率。 本文主要从染料敏化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机光电探测器三个方面,综述了离子液体在有机光电转换器件中的国内外应用研究进展,就离子液体对提升有机光电转换效率及其实现器件新功能的工作机理进行了详细分析,并对其未来的应用研究方向进行了展望,为今后进一步设计出更适合有机光电转换领域应用的离子液体提供参考。