有损耗左手介质平板波导的研究

采用微扰法分析了光在芯层为左手介质的有损耗平板波导中的传播情况,推导出有效折射率和振幅衰减系数的解析式,并进行了数值计算.同时与右手介质平板波导中的结果进行了比较,结果表明,左手介质波导的衰减系数总是随波导厚度与波长比值(b/λ)的增加而急剧单调递减,不同模式衰减曲线所对应的b/λ取值区间相差较大,并且衰减曲线区间对应的6/λ比值较右手介质波导要小得多.最后讨论了这些特性在器件设计中的作用和意义.     

亚波长波导光栅导模共振研究

弱调制介质光栅可等效为平板波导,经其衍射的高级次子波与波导模式耦合时,形成导模 共振。由高级子波在介质光栅中的光程及菲涅耳相移,导出了垂直入射时弱调制介质光栅共振位置的解析表达式,其预测结果和严格耦合波理论所得值一致。导模共振对入射波参数和光栅参数极为敏感,具有窄带效应,可用来制作窄带滤波片。     

W波段TE6,2模同轴开放式谐振腔的研究与设计

详细研究了一种用于回旋管冷测的三段式同轴谐振腔模式激励器,该模式激励器利用同轴开放腔的选频选模特性将输入的W波段的波功率转换为TE6,2模式输出。基于缓变截面波导理论,研究了同轴谐振腔激励TE6,2模式的机理;求解了同轴波导中TE模式的特征根和不均匀弦方程并得到腔体谐振频率及Q值;分析了同轴腔内外半径对谐振频率的影响;给出了W波段高纯度TE6,2模谐振腔优化设计的参数;并用电磁仿真软件对其进行仿真计算,结果表明:该谐振腔的TE6,2模式纯度达到99.51%。     

转移矩阵法的纳米波导导波特性分析

一种新型纳米光波导结构,由二氧化硅/硅/空气/硅/二氧化硅五层介质构成,将光能量限制在低介电常数的中间空气狭缝中传输,利用转移矩阵法对其传输特性进行了详细分析,推导出了TM模式的本征色散方程,给出了TM模式电场和磁场分布以及电磁场能量分布的解析表达式.进而利用图解法求解了本证色散方程,分析了硅层和空气层厚度对电磁场能量分布的影响,给出了波导的优化尺寸均在几百纳米左右.对于波导存在一种和两种TM模式的情况进行了分析,单模情况(只存在TM0模)要比多模情况对光能量限制好很多,在多模情况下高阶模要比低价模对光的限制好,这是和一般传统波导不相同的地方;同时光在导波层(低介电常数的介质层)的传播速度要小于光在相应介质中的传播速度,即表现出慢波特性.     

压电/压磁双材料板中弹性波的传播特性

研究由横观各向同性压电和压磁层构成的双材料板中弹性波的传播特性。板的表面是机械自由的,而承受4种形式的电磁边界条件,压电层和压磁层之间是完好连接的。首先采用部分波分析法推导了压电和压磁耦合方程的一般解,然后利用边界和界面条件得到了行列式形式的频散方程。基于推导的频散方程,通过计算CoFe2O4压磁层与BaTiO3、PZT-5A、PZT-2和PZT-4四种压电层构成的双材料板中弹性波的传播速度,揭示了电磁边界条件、压电层和压磁层的厚度比及压电材料性能对频散特性的影响。     

硅太赫兹波导配置及性能分析

针对现有太赫兹辐射源在输出频率可调性及输出功率方面的局限性。本文从非线性介质的Maxwell方程入手对非线性聚合物的光学性质进行理论分析,建立硅波导配置的数学模型。利用硅材料的高折射率,设计了硅太赫兹波导。分析了太赫兹波导模式图,讨论了硅太赫兹波导模式的有效折射率、波导损耗、连续波输出功率与输出频率的关系,实验结果表明:硅太赫兹波导产生的太赫兹波连续可调,输出太赫兹波频率范围宽至0.1THz到15THz,输出功率可达到微瓦级。     

空气声源激发的浅海声场的理论研究

研究了将空气中声速分布建模为Epstein分布,水层和海底均为均匀分布的三层介质模型的条件下,空气中点源激发的水下声场。既推导得到了声压场的形式解,通过数值分析,表明空气中点源激发浅水波导,在水层中形成的波导简正波具有实数本征值,可以远距离传播,称其为"水波"。空气层中的Epstein波导简正波在水层中为非均匀波,传播速度取决于空气中声速,称其为"水面波",并指出空气中声源运动产生的水面波多普勒频移大于水波多普勒频移。     

一种新颖的偏振不敏感的阵列波导光栅

提出了一种新颖偏振不敏感的阵列波导光栅(AWG)。器件的输入端增加了一个全光学偏振自动控制器(AOPSC),可将注入AWG的随机偏振的输入光转换为与AWG中TE0模偏振方向相同且功率损耗很小的线偏振光。AWG结构设计采用非对称的平面波导,包层与波导芯层的相对折射率差为0.7%,波导芯层的宽厚比要高,可以消除TE与TM模的简并,使波导中只能激励TE0模,而使TM0模截止。这种AWG结构完全消除了不同偏振态信号光对AWG工作性能的影响,从而使器件对偏振不敏感。设计的8×0.8nm器件整体尺寸为2cm×1cm,串扰优于-30dB,最大插入损耗为4.2dB。     

基于电阻膜与超材料的超薄宽频吸波体设计

设计了一种基于多层电阻膜和超材料的超薄宽频吸波体模型。该吸波体由两层含介质基板的电阻膜片和一层一阶Minkowski分形双方环(minkowski fractal double square loop,MFDSL)电谐振器结构组成,各层电阻膜片阻值相同,但外形不同。仿真分析结果表明,该吸波体对1.2~20GHz频段内垂直入射的电磁波的吸收率均大于90%;同时对于45°角入射的TE和TM波仍能保持良好的吸收性能,具有宽入射角特性和极化不敏感的特点,且厚度仅有1mm。另外,对不同电阻膜片阻值得分析结果表明,随着电阻膜片阻值的增大,该吸波体的吸波效果更好,吸波性能更加稳定。     

多自由度波导抑振器平面阵列的吸声性能研究

多自由度波导抑振器具有吸收低频入射声波的功能。研究了由波导抑振器阵列等效成的单极子-偶极子共振器复合阵列的声学散射问题,研究表明当共振器具有特定的阻尼值时,该多自由度波导抑振器阵列可以成为一个有效的声吸收器。根据布列霍夫斯基赫分层介质中波的相关理论,把波导抑振器阵列层等效成某个特性阻抗的均匀介质层,并数值分析了波导抑振器敷设在水下结构物表面后的吸声性能,得到了吸声性能和共振器阻尼系数,抑振器分布周期的关系。     

Transverse electric modes in planar slot waveguides

Transverse electric (TE) modes in symmetrical planar slot waveguides are analytically solved, and a comprehensive knowledge about them is provided. It has been shown that there are four types of TE modes in planar slot waveguides just as the TM modes. Their field solutions, characteristic equations and cut-off conditions are derived. The cut-off conditions and the power confinement factors of the TE and TM modes are compared. It is demonstrated that there may be degeneration points between TE and TM modes. Because a three-dimensional waveguide has similar modal characteristics as its planar counterpart, our work presents a foundation of recognizing and utilizing the three-dimensional slot waveguides.     

Reflectivity of buried slab waveguides

The scattering properties of an abruptly ended buried slab waveguide for both TE and TM modes are examined by an improved iteration technique that is based on the integral equation method with "accelerating" parameters. The waveguide is considered a symmetrical slab, for which the weakly guiding conditions are invalid, and it is embedded in a different dielectric material. The tangential electric field distribution on the terminal plane, the reflection coefficient of the first TE and TM guided modes, and the far-field radiation pattern are computed. Numerical results are presented for several ended waveguides, while special attention is given to the far-field radiation pattern rotation and the terminal field distributions.     

Bragg reflection from space charge waves in a semiconductor waveguide

A dispersion relation for the space charge waves (SCWs) in a thin semiconductor layer with symmetric dielectric surrounding is obtained. The collinear waveguide SCW-optic interaction is analyzed for the zero-order (homogeneous) and first-order SCW modes. It is shown that effective Bragg reflection is possible on the SCW-optic TE and TM modes of various orders.     

Polarization eccentricity of the transverse field for modes in chiral core planar waveguides.

The general solution for modes in an asymmetric planar waveguide with a homogeneous and isotropic chiral core is given in terms of a pair of parameters related to the eccentricity of the polarization ellipse for the transverse electric field. This formulation provides insight into the transition, with increasing chirality of the core, from TE/TM modes to right-handed and left-handed circular polarization modes. Mode polarization as a function of waveguide thickness and of frequency is discussed in detail. Beyond a mode-dependent maximum thickness (or frequency), the left-handed elliptical modes consist of a slow-wave component whose cutoff properties are examined. The limiting case of a symmetric waveguide is also discussed.     

Guiding mode expansion of a TE and TM transverse-mode integral equation for dielectric slab waveguides with an abrupt termination.

We propose a rigorous transverse-mode integral equation formulation for analyzing TE and TM electromagnetic radiation fields on the facet of dielectric slab waveguides with an abrupt termination in free space. Both exact waveguide guiding modes and discretized radiation modes are included in the kernels of the integral equation. To reduce the size of the matrix that approximates the exact integral equation, we expand the unknown field at the junctions in terms of guiding modes of a selected waveguide with sufficiently large normalized frequency and core thickness. By direct matrix inversion, we obtain numerical solutions of the scattered fields at the junctions. Our method can be used to study the field distribution as well as the energy reflection and transmission coefficients of dielectric waveguides with multiple step discontinuities.     

Characterization of near-stoichiometric Ti:LiNbO(3) strip waveguides with varied substrate refractive index in the guiding layer

We have demonstrated the possibility that near-stoichiometric Ti:LiNbO(3) strip waveguides are fabricated by carrying out vapor transport equilibration at 1060 degrees C for 12 h on a congruent LiNbO(3) substrate with photolithographically patterned 4-8 microm wide, 115 nm thick Ti strips. Optical characterizations show that these waveguides are single mode at 1.5 microm and show a waveguide loss of 1.3 dB/cm for TM mode and 1.1 dB/cm for TE mode. In the width/depth direction of the waveguide, the mode field follows the Gauss/Hermite-Gauss function. Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study Ti-concentration profiles in the depth direction and on the surface of the 6 microm wide waveguide. The result shows that the Ti profile follows a sum of two error functions along the width direction and a complementary error function in the depth direction. The surface Ti concentration, 1/e width and depth, and mean diffusivities along the width and depth directions of the guide are similar to 3.0 x 10(21) cm(-3), 3.8 microm, 2.6 microm, 0.30 and 0.14 microm(2)/h, respectively. Micro-Raman analysis was carried out on the waveguide endface to characterize the depth profile of Li composition in the guiding layer. The results show that the depth profile of Li composition also follows a complementary error function with a 1/e depth of 3.64 microm. The mean ([Li(Li)]+[Ti(Li)])/([Nb(Nb)]+[Ti(Nb)]) ratio in the waveguide layer is about 0.98. The inhomogeneous Li-composition profile results in a varied substrate index in the guiding layer. A two-dimensional refractive index profile model in the waveguide is proposed by taking into consideration the varied substrate index and assuming linearity between Ti-induced index change and Ti concentration. The net waveguide surface index increments at 1545 nm are 0.0114 and 0.0212 for ordinary and extraordinary rays, respectively. Based upon the constructed index model, the fundamental mode field profile was calculated using the beam propagation method, and the mode sizes and effective index versus the Ti-strip width were calculated for three lower TM and TE modes using the variational method. An agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.     

Guided waves in graded-index planar waveguides with nonlinear cover medium

Dispersion relations for TE modes in a planar exponentially graded-index waveguide with self-focusing nonlinear cover material have been solved numerically. It is shown that the threshold power required to pull the field maximum out of the film region into the cover is lower compared with that for the step-index waveguide and agrees well with the experimental results. Empirical relations to calculate the corresponding minimum film thickness and the minimum threshold power are given for the lowest-order mode.     

Excitation of waveguide modes in organic light-emitting diode structures by classical dipole oscillators

Analytical techniques known in the literature are used to (i) identify all the planar waveguide modes in four top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structures over the visible spectrum, and (ii) compute both TM and TE power spectra for classically radiating dipoles in the emissive layers of these OLED structures. Peaks in the computed power spectra are identified with the waveguide modes in the OLED devices, and areas associated with these peaks are used to estimate the excitation probability of the waveguide modes. In cases where ambiguities arise because of overlapping peaks, it is shown that computed power spectra can be approximated as sums of Lorentzian line shapes. It is found that for all four structures, the dipoles couple almost 80% of their radiant energy into TM modes with only about 20% going into TE modes. Furthermore, except for a narrow spectral band, the excited TM modes are primarily short-range surface plasmon polaritons. Excitations in the narrow spectral band correspond to TM and TE Fabry-Perot microcavity modes. Finally, the analysis shows that, in the absence of grating couplers, only light in the microcavity modes escapes into the air cover.     

Improved silica-zirconia sol synthesis for fabrication of a single-mode embedded dielectric channel waveguide with low transmission losses

A novel inorganic-organic hybrid silica-zirconia solgel material, which can generate 10 microm thick film in a single spin-coating process, has been developed and employed in the fabrication of an embedded dielectric channel waveguide on a silica buffer layer of a silicon substrate. The fabricated channel waveguide core had steep ridge walls, good smoothness, and high robustness, and the novel sol synthesis enabled a precise control of the geometrical and optical parameters of the embedded dielectric channel waveguide. In the 1.55 microm telecommunication window, the fundamental modes TE(00) and TM(00) in the embedded channel waveguide had low transmission losses of 0.40 +/- 0.03 dB/cm and 0.59 +/- 0.03 dB/cm, respectively.     

Reflectivity properties of an anisotropic slab waveguide with isolated substrate

The scattering properties for both TE and TM modes of an abruptly ended two-layered slab waveguide with anisotropic core and isolated substrate are examined by an improved iteration technique, which is based on the integral equation method with accelerating parameters. The relative dielectric constants of the core for the three Cartesian directions are considered to be different, but cases with isotropic core are also considered. The electric field distribution on the terminal plane and the reflection coefficients of the dominant TE and TM guided modes, as well as the near-field distribution and the far-field radiation pattern, are computed, while numerical results are presented for several cases of the core anisotropy.