大比表面三维介孔MCM-48分子筛负载Pt催化氧化甲苯EI北大核心

采用自合成大比表面三维有序介孔分子筛MCM-48(≈1400 m^(2)/g)为载体,其上负载Pt,获得负载型Pt/MCM-48,应用于甲苯催化燃烧,与微孔分子筛Silicalite-2、介孔分子筛材料SBA-15和MCM-41以及商用SiO_(2)等硅基载体相比,展示出优异的低温催化氧化性能。在此基础上,考察不同Pt负载量对负载型Pt/MCM-48催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响,筛选出的1%(质量分数)理论负载量的催化剂具备最佳催化氧化性能。对等体积浸渍法、原位合成法、甲醇法、乙二醇法等不同引入方式的考察发现,等体积浸渍法与原位合成法向载体上引入Pt的实际负载量接近于理论添加量,相比之下,甲醇法、乙二醇法等溶剂法获得Pt实际负载量远低于理论负载量。转化频率(turnover frequency, TOF)计算结果表明,甲醇法获得的Pt/MCM-48中Pt转化效率以及Pt原子利用率最高。BET,XPS,STEM以及H_(2)-TPR等表征充分证明,MCM-48超大的比表面为Pt的分散提供了有利条件,有助于获得高比例Pt^(0);有序的三维介孔结构则大大提高活性位点的可接近性,并减小甲苯分子的扩散阻力,因此呈现出优异的催化氧化甲苯性能。此外,GC-MS研究表明甲苯在Pt/MCM-48上首先转化为醛/酚/酸类中间产物,最终实现深度催化氧化成为二氧化碳。     

溶剂效应对介孔SiO2负载磷钨酸催化剂的影响

以具有两种不同介孔结构的多孔SiO2(BMMs)为载体,采用浸渍法负载磷钨酸(HPW)得到负载型磷钨酸催化剂(HPW/BMMs),通过XRD、FTIR、N2吸附-脱附,TG和SEM等表征手段,重点考察了水、乙醇以及丙酮和乙腈等溶剂对HPW/BMMs催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明:在不同溶剂中所制备的负载型HPW/BMMs催化剂样品均保持了BMMs介孔结构,但随着HPW负载量的增大,样品的介孔有序度逐渐降低,比表面积和孔体积逐渐减小;低负载量时,样品表面出现新的HPW物种,通过提高HPW的负载量,可抑制该物种的产生。水溶剂对HPW的Keggin结构影响较大,但HPW的晶型保持完好,分散性能较好,负载量为40%的样品(40HPW/BMMs-WA)总酸密度最高,达到1.381μmol/m2;乙腈溶剂虽更有利于保持HPW的Keggin结构,但晶型破坏较严重,且分散性较差;相比较而言,乙醇和丙酮溶剂的影响则不明显。此外,初步考察了HPW/BMMs样品对废油脂与甲醇催化酯化的降酸效果。     

氢氯噻嗪／MCM-41载药体系的制备与缓释作用研究

用微波辐射法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41，采用浸渍法将利尿药物氢氯噻嗪组装到介孔分子筛MCM-41孔道中，用XRD、低温N2吸附、IR对MCM-41及药物组装体进行了表征；研究了组装体的载药量、载药时间、在体外人工胃液中的释放等。结果显示合成的分子筛MCM-41具有规则的孔径结构，比表面积为1211m^2/g；分子筛MCM-41作为药物的载体具有较短的载药时间（t=26h），较大的载药量48％（m（药物）/优（载体）），较低的释放速率，表明制得了氢氯噻嗪／MCM-41缓释释放体系。     

Cu/Mn/La/MCM-41分子筛降解染料废水的性能研究

采用水热合成法和浸渍法合成三金属复合型催化剂Cu/Mn/La/MCM-41分子筛,利用XRD、SEM、BET、FT-IR等表征手段,研究了Cu/Mn/La/MCM-41分子筛样品的形貌和结构。采用Cu/Mn/La/MCM-41分子筛作为催化剂降解活性黑5染料废水,研究其降解活性黑5染料废水的催化性能,并得到其表观动力学方程。结果表明,与含有单金属的材料相比,Cu、Mn、La的负载有利于提高催化剂的活性,晶化温度为120℃,Cu的负载量为20%,Cu/Mn/La的摩尔比为15∶5∶2,其比表面积大、形貌更为规整,120 min活性黑5脱色率可达95.6%,Cu/Mn/La/MCM-41分子筛催化降解活性黑5染料废水的催化动力学符合伪一级动力学曲线。     

载铂多级孔ZSM-5分子筛用于邻二甲苯的“吸附-催化燃烧”循环脱除

首先利用F127作为软模板, 采用蒸汽辅助晶化法合成出具有一定介孔结构的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛, 然后采用等体积浸渍法负载铂, 成功制备了载铂的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附等温线(N₂ isotherm)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的催化剂进行了表征, 并将催化剂用于邻二甲苯的吸附和催化燃烧反应, 最后考察了催化剂“吸附-催化燃烧”循环脱除邻二甲苯的性能。结果表明, 与传统ZSM-5分子筛相比, 多级孔ZSM-5分子筛结晶度略有下降, 但是介孔度和孔体积明显提升。介孔结构与微孔结构并存, 极大提升了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对邻二甲苯的吸附能力, 其饱和吸附量达到了传统ZSM-5分子筛的约8倍。此外, 介孔结构的存在提高了铂的分散度, 使得载铂多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有最佳的催化燃烧邻二甲苯性能, 三次“吸附-催化燃烧”循环使用后的吸附容量依然基本保持不变, 并且在催化燃烧过程中无二次污染物生成, 具有较高的吸附容量和循环使用稳定性。     

不同结构的颗粒填充对环氧树脂纳米复合材料性能的影响

通过溶液共混法制备了环氧树脂/纳米介孔MCM-41和环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料,研究了结构不同的填充颗粒、不同的填充颗粒含量及其复合材料的分散性与力学性能.结果表明,由于这种具有双重纳米结构(纳米级颗粒尺寸和纳米级的介孔结构)的介孔分子筛MCM-41能与基体形成新型网络复合结构,因此在纳米介孔MCM-41的含量适当(小于10%,质量分数,下同)时,纳米介孔MCM-41能均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地提高复合材料的拉伸强度.而含量较高(不低于5%)的实心纳米SiO2将在环氧树脂基体中产生大量团聚体,使复合材料的拉伸强度降低.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛和纳米TiO2/MCM-41的合成与结构表征

以工业水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,利用室温晶化法合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法及液相沉积法对介孔分子筛MCM-41进行纳米TiO2的组装。运用XRD、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对其结构特征和氧化钛分散状态进行了研究,结果表明：TiO2与MCM-41端基硅氧键反应形成Ti-O-Si键;纳米TiO2不仅进入孔道,较均匀地修饰了介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛MCM-41仍保持有序的孔道结构。     

载铂多级孔ZSM-5分子筛用于邻二甲苯的“吸附?催化燃烧”循环脱除

首先利用F127作为软模板,采用蒸汽辅助晶化法合成出具有一定介孔结构的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,然后采用等体积浸渍法负载铂,成功制备了载铂的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附等温线(N2 isotherm)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的催化剂进行了表征,并将催化剂用于邻二甲苯的吸附和催化燃烧反应,最后考察了催化剂"吸附-催化燃烧"循环脱除邻二甲苯的性能。结果表明,与传统ZSM-5分子筛相比,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛结晶度略有下降,但是介孔度和孔体积明显提升。介孔结构与微孔结构并存,极大提升了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对邻二甲苯的吸附能力,其饱和吸附量达到了传统ZSM-5分子筛的约8倍。此外,介孔结构的存在提高了铂的分散度,使得载铂多级孔ZSM-5分子筛具有最佳的催化燃烧邻二甲苯性能,三次"吸附?催化燃烧"循环使用后的吸附容量依然基本保持不变,并且在催化燃烧过程中无二次污染物生成,具有较高的吸附容量和循环使用稳定性。     

时间控制/pH依赖型盐酸黄连素结肠给药系统的控释性能

以全硅MCM-41介孔分子筛为主体,以盐酸黄连素(BH)药物分子为客体,利用天然高分子海藻酸钠(SA)和壳聚糖(CS)为包覆材料,通过振荡吸附-浸提法制备了时间控制/pH依赖型BH/MCM-41/CS-SA结肠给药系统。利用XRD、SEM、BET、FTIR等技术对其理化性质进行了表征,并采用分光光度法对其载药和体外释药性能进行了评价。结果表明,BH/MCM-41/CS-SA的载药率为23.5%,载药后未破坏MCM-41的介孔结构。体外释放结果表明,相较BH/MCM-41,BH/MCM-41/CS-SA具有显著的时滞/pH依赖敏感释药特征,具备较好的结肠靶向给药性能,还具有长效控缓释放效果。     

大比表面三维介孔MCM-48分子筛负载Pt催化氧化甲苯

采用自合成大比表面三维有序介孔分子筛MCM-48(≈1400 m²/g)为载体，其上负载Pt,获得负载型Pt/MCM-48,应用于甲苯催化燃烧，与微孔分子筛Silicalite-2、介孔分子筛材料SBA-15和MCM-41以及商用SiO₂等硅基载体相比，展示出优异的低温催化氧化性能。在此基础上，考察不同Pt负载量对负载型Pt/MCM-48催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响，筛选出的1%(质量分数)理论负载量的催化剂具备最佳催化氧化性能。对等体积浸渍法、原位合成法、甲醇法、乙二醇法等不同引入方式的考察发现，等体积浸渍法与原位合成法向载体上引入Pt的实际负载量接近于理论添加量，相比之下，甲醇法、乙二醇法等溶剂法获得Pt实际负载量远低于理论负载量。转化频率(turnover frequency, TOF)计算结果表明，甲醇法获得的Pt/MCM-48中Pt转化效率以及Pt原子利用率最高。BET,XPS,STEM以及H₂-TPR等表征充分证明，MCM-48超大的比表面为Pt的分散提供了有利条件，有助于获得高比例Pt⁰;有...     

Comparative study on the structural and catalytic properties of mesoporous hexagonal silica anchored with H3PW12O40: Green synthesis of benzoic acid from benzaldehyde

Mesoporous silica anchored with 25 wt.% 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, HPW) were comparatively characterized on their structures and catalytic activities for benzaldehyde oxidation with H₂O₂. The results revealed that the mesoporous materials retained the typical hexagonal mesopores for the supports of HPW. It was found that HPW exhibited higher dispersion within MCM-41 than those within SBA-15 and other mesoporous molecular sieves. Moreover, the as-prepared materials were found to be the efficient catalysts for the green synthesis of benzoic acid. In particular, HPW/MCM-41 exhibited the best catalytic properties due to its suitable textural and structural characteristics.     

资源化利用铁尾矿制备全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41

以鞍山铁尾矿为硅源,CTAB为模板剂,采用水热合成法合成出全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41。采用X射线衍射分析研究了pH值、CTAB与SiO2配比、晶化温度和晶化时间对MCM-41结构的影响,结果表明MCM-41的合成条件为n（CTAB）/n（SiO2）=0.05～0.60,pH值=8～11,晶化时间〉24h,晶化温度60～100℃。TEM可观察到样品具有典型的按六方对称性排列的孔道结构,孔径在2～4nm变化。FT-IR证明了分子筛具有硅氧四面体骨架。     

Characterization of Zr-based MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves obtained by microwave irradiation or hydrothermal method

Zr-based MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves (ZrMCM-41) were successfully synthesized by microwave irradiation method and hydrothermal method, respectively. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and N₂ physical adsorption. The results show that the samples synthesized by the two different methods both possess typical hexagonal mesoporous structure of MCM-41 and high specific surface areas (over 800 m²/g). After calcination at 750°C for 3 h or hydrothermal treatment at 100°C for 6 days, the mesoporous structure of the samples still retained, however, the mesoporous ordering is poor. Under the comparable conditions, the reaction time required in the synthesis of ZrMCM-41 by microwave irradiation method was greatly reduced, and microwave irradiation method is eco-friendly and is easy to operate.     

表面活性剂对纳米MCM-41分子筛分散性的影响

采用聚乙二醇为分散剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,在室温碱性条件下合成了粒径为40～60 nm的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.利用XRD、TEM和N2吸附脱附等手段研究了聚乙二醇用量对纳米球形MCM-41的分散性和介孔结构的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂PEG的加入,可以明显改善纳米颗粒的分散性并且对颗粒形貌影响不大;表面活性剂PEG的加入,样品的六方结构有序性和孔尺寸发生变化.PEG量在1%～20%范围内,样品仍具有较高的六方孔道有序性;PEG量过大(60%)有序性明显下降.随着PEG加入量的增加,纳米MCM-41的晶面间距增大,孔尺寸增大.适量的聚乙二醇可以得到有序性好、比表面积大、孔径均一和孔隙率大的单分散纳米球形MCM-41分子筛.     

杂原子MCM-41分子筛的合成和催化性能

采用水热合成法合成了金属原子(Zn,Ni,Fe,Al,Cu,Ce)掺杂的MCM-41介孔分子筛(简称T-MCM-41),并将其应用于邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基已)酯(DOP)的合成反应,研究了不同原子的掺杂对T-McM-41的结构,比表面积和孔径、酸性及催化性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的T-McM-41仍然具有六方有序排列结构,比表匝f积较高(550-900 m2/g)、孔径大(3 nm左右),杂原子的引入使T-MCM-41产生了酸中心,从而使其对DOP的合成具有很好的催化活性和选择性.用T-MCM-41(T=Zn,Fe,Al,Cu)催化DOP的合成反应,在5 h的反应时间内苯酐的转化率可以达到95.5%以上,DOP的选择性可达到96.5%以上.T-MCM-41催化剂具有很好的稳定性,Al-MCM-41在重复使用5次后仍具有较好的催化活性.     

Esterification of levulinic acid into hexyl levulinate over dodecatungstophosphoric acid anchored to Al-MCM-41

Aluminum-substituted MCM-41 (Al-MCM-41) were hydrothermally synthesised and used as supports to fabricate the mesostructured H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (HPW) solid acid catalysts via an impregnation method. The influences of various HPW loadings on the structures of the catalysts were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements and their acidities were evaluated by infrared of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) measurements. The optimisation of the reaction conditions for levulinic acid esterification with n-hexanol such as the reaction temperature and time, the reactant molar ratio, and the catalyst dosages was performed to maximise the conversion of levulinic acid. The effects of various HPW loadings on the conversion of levulinic acid were investigated under the optimised and harsh reaction conditions. The reusability of the catalysts was also investigated. The results showed that these catalysts retained the hexagonal mesoporous structure of Al-MCM-41 and the Keggin characteristic of HPW, although their textural parameters decreased with increasing loading of HPW. In particular, the catalysts were found to be efficient in the esterification of levulinic acid with n-hexanol, resulting in hexyl levulinate which could replace the petroleum-derived chemical feedstocks.     

Peroxidase catalytic cycle of MCM-41-entrapped microperoxidase-11 as a mechanism for phenol oxidation

The encapsulation of microperoxidases (MPs) into molecular sieves with controlled pore size, such as the mesoporous silica MCM-41, represents a nanotechnology strategy to control the catalytic properties of MPs and mimic the enzymatic activity of hemoproteins. In this work, the ferric microperoxidase-11 (MP-11), obtained from trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of horse-heart cytochrome c, was entrapped in MCM-41, thus resulting in a catalyst (Fe(III)MP11MCM41) with catalase and monooxygenase properties. The entrapment of MP-11 inside MCM-41 was confirmed by elemental analysis and UV-visible spectrum, with a red shift in the Soret band indicating that the heme group was in a hydrophobic microenvironment. Similarly to catalase, the catalyst Fe(III)MP11MCM41 exhibited specificity for hydrogen peroxide to be converted to a high-valence oxidized intermediate, Compound II. Also mimicking catalase, the cleavage of hydrogen peroxide by MP11MCM41 resulted in O2 production detected by a Clark electrode. Phenol was able to act as reducing agent of MP11MCM41 Compound II leading to the completion of a peroxidase cycle, as confirmed by UV-visible spectrometry and EPR measurements. The analysis of the reaction products by high performance liquid chromatogram coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) revealed 2,4-dihydroxyphenol as the product of phenol oxidation by MP11MCM41. Therefore, in addition to catalase activity, the catalyst MP11MCM41 also displayed monooxygenase properties, which was possible because the MP-11 heme iron promotes homolytic cleavage of the hydrogen peroxide generating hydroxyl radicals. With such characteristics, MCM-41-entrapped MP-11 is a promising catalyst for nanobiotechnological devices.     

介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成方法与晶化条件

介孔材料MCM-41具有规则孔道结构,在多相催化、吸附分离、复合材料、纳米组装等领域有着重要的学术研究与应用价值.其可以通过长链季铵盐、伯胺、双子胺或聚氧乙烯类表面活性剂胶束的模板作用,在多种不同的条件下合成.综述了MCM-41介孔分子筛近年来所取得的进展,介绍和讨论了各种合成工艺方法,归纳和分析了影响其合成的主要因素.     

MoO3在介孔分子筛MCM-41上分散和存在状态的研究

在773K加热MoO₃和MCM-41的机械混合物,可以实现 MoO₃分散在介孔分子筛MCM-41表面,用透射电镜和选区电子衍射,配合XRD和液氮温度下氮吸附-脱附曲线和BJH孔径分布,研究了活性组分MoO₃在有序介孔材料MCM-41上的存在状态,以及MoO₃分散到MCM-41表面后MCM-41的结构变化情况.结果表明:当MoO₃的含量小于单层分散阈值,加热后MoO₃的XRD衍射峰彻底消失;用HRTEM观察不到分散在MCM-41表面或孔道中的MoO₃颗粒,而EDS能谱证明在MCM-41的孔道中有呈分散态的MoO₃存在.MoO₃的含量大于单层分散阈值,通过加热不能使MoO₃完全分散在MCM-41表面,而且XRD、HRTEM、氮吸附-脱附等温线和孔径分布都表明由于MoO₃的分散量较大,载体MCM-41的有序介孔结构遭到破坏.     

H<Subscript>3</Subscript>PW<Subscript>12</Subscript>O<Subscript>40</Subscript> supported on mesoporous MCM-41 and Al–MCM-41 materials: preparation and characterisation

MCM-41 and Al–MCM-41 has been synthesized using cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant as template and adding the silica precursor to aqueous solutions containing CTAB. The obtained solids were calcined at 600 °C for 4 h. HPW heteropolyacid supported on the mesoporous were prepared using the incipient wetness method. The characterization of materials was performed by X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, N₂ adsorption, ²⁹Si Cross Polarization–Magic Angle Spinning and ²⁷Al MAS NMR. Results showed that the hexagonal structure is obtained in both cases. The Aluminium species are located inside an extra-framework. The impregnation reduces the surface area of the mesoporous materials especially of the Al–MCM-41 suggesting a participation of aluminium during the impregnation. HPW is well dispersed in the mesoporous materials and is located inside the pores interacting with the silanol group of the pores wall. ²⁷Al MAS NMR measurements have showed that the impregnation causes the removal of the non-framework aluminium.