稀土元素对镁合金晶粒细化的研究综述

根据稀土元素在镁合金中存在的形式及其作用,综述了稀土Ce、Nd、Y、Er及Sc在镁合金中的晶粒细化效果及其作用机理。一定量的Ce、Nd、Y、Er及Sc对镁合金晶粒均有细化作用,根据稀土固溶度的不同,其细化合金晶粒所加入的量也不同;镁合金晶粒开始粗化时所添加的稀土量是随着其在镁合金中的固溶度增加而增大的。     

加钙耐热镁合金的最新研究进展

系统地回顾了耐热镁合金材料的最新研究进展,主要介绍了Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系镁合金的高温强化相,以及添加Ca元素后耐热性能的提高.最后,展望了耐热镁合金的应用及发展前景.     

Sn对镁及镁合金显微组织和性能影响的研究现状及展望

合金化元素Sn在镁基体中的固溶度受温度影响比较大,且能够与镁形成高强、高硬、热稳定性好的Mg2Sn金属间化合物,在理论研究和实际应用上引起了人们的广泛关注。基于Mg、Mg-Al-Zn系、Mg-Mn系、Mg-Zn系、Mg-Li系等合金,综述了Sn对纯镁及镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响,概述了Sn对镁合金的腐蚀、电化学等其他性能的影响。最后展望了Sn在镁合金中的应用前景。     

主要耐热镁合金系的研究进展

综述了Mg-RE、Mg-Al及Mg-Zn三大耐热镁合金系的强化途径、机制及其研究进展,针对耐热镁合金当前存在的问题,对今后的研究提出了一些建议.     

Sm在耐热镁合金中的作用及研究进展

介绍了稀土元素Sm在耐热镁合金中的作用,重点阐述了Sm改善镁合金力学性能的强化机理,综述了不同系列含Sm耐热镁合金的研究进展,对含Sm耐热镁合金的发展方向进行了展望,认为在控制生产成本的前提下,Sm合金化是耐热镁合金研究的一个重要发展方向,期望能为稀土耐热镁合金的研制和开发提供思路和依据。     

Sb合金化在耐热镁合金中的应用

概述了镁合金的耐热性能及合金化设计依据,介绍了Sb在耐热镁合金中的应用,探讨了Sb对镁合金耐热性能的影响作用,展望了耐热镁合金的发展方向,旨在为耐热镁合金的开发提供思路和依据.     

耐热镁合金及其相图热力学研究及应用进展

镁合金常温力学性能较好,但高温力学性能较差,特别是高温抗蠕变性能较差.综述了国内外耐热镁合金的研究现状,重点分析了Mg-Al、Mg-Zn、Mg-RE等系耐热镁合金高温抗蠕变机制,合金元素对耐热性的影响和耐热镁合金相图热力学的研究进展,最后对耐热镁合金的工业应用现状进行综述,并指出了未来耐热镁合金的研究方向和重点.     

稀土耐热镁合金的开发与应用

介绍了稀土元素的特性和耐热镁合金合金体系设计思路.重点阐述了稀土耐热镁合金的开发与应用现状以及稀土在镁合金体系中的影响机理,指出在Mg-Al系的基础上开发出适合汽车用稀土耐热镁合金是今后重点发展方向.     

磁场在金属材料制备成形中的应用

讨论了稳恒磁场、变化磁场对金属凝固组织、基体中合金元素的固溶度以及Al-Cu合金热裂的影响,介绍了动磁压制技术的原理、特点及应用情况,磁场在提高NdFeB永磁体的磁性能和在粉末固相、液相烧结致密化中的应用,并展望了磁场在金属凝固和粉末冶金中未来的研究和应用发展前景.     

镁合金微观组织结构的计算机模拟研究进展

镁合金系金属间化合物的强化机理主要有基体强化和晶界强化两种.目前在镁合金研究领域应用较为广泛的计算机模拟方法有第一性原理方法、蒙特卡罗方法、分子动力学方法等,介绍了国内外计算机模拟镁及镁合金微观组织结构的研究进展,探讨了镁合金模拟的发展方向.     

微量Mg元素添加对Cu-Cr合金析出行为及性能的影响

通过熔炼铸造工艺制备了Cu-Cr和Cu-Cr-Mg合金,评价了Mg元素对Cu-Cr合金硬度、导电和抗软化性能的影响,研究了Mg元素对Cu-Cr合金析出相的细化作用,探讨了Mg元素的迁移行为。结果表明,相比于Cu-Cr二元合金,时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金具有更高的硬度和软化温度,且保持较高的导电性能。两种合金的主要时效强化相均为纳米Cr析出相,Mg元素的加入抑制了纳米沉淀相的长大和结构转变,峰时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金的析出相与基体可能仍保持共格界面关系,过时效态合金中出现与Heulser相结构相同的析出相,且峰时效态Cu-Cr-Mg合金经过高温保温处理后,其强化相的尺寸明显小于Cu-Cr合金析出相。EDS的结果表明,在时效初期Mg和Cr共存于析出相内部,而在时效后期析出相内部只有Cr元素存在,Mg元素发生迁移,同时理论估算结果显示,Mg元素可明显降低Cu(fcc)/Cr(bcc)之间的界面能,导致其偏聚于基体/析出相界面处,这可能是Mg元素能够细化析出相和提高合金性能的主要原因。     

Mg-Gd-Y合金的研究进展

已有的研究表明,Mg-Gd-Y系合金具有很好的室温强度和耐热性能,可以进一步扩大镁合金的使用温度范围和应用领域,在航空航天、汽车及电子等工业领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值.介绍了Mg-Gd-Y系合金产生的背景及发展现状,分析总结了Mg-Gd-Y系合金的强化机制、组织结构、力学性能、各种合金元素及微量元素在合金中的作用,并对Mg-Gd-Y系合金今后的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Microscopic observation of cold-deformed Al–4Cu–Mg alloy samples after semi-solid heat treatments

Wrought aluminum alloys can be effectively fabricated by a strain-induced, melt-activated (SIMA) process. The SIMA method involves plastic deformation of an alloy to some critical reduction point and a semi-solid heat treatment in the solid–liquid temperature range. The semi-solid heat treatment is a key process to control the semisolid microstructures. In this paper, the microscopic morphology of a cold-deformed SIMA treated Al–4Cu–Mg alloy has been investigated, and the effects of microstructural evolution, precipitation behavior and dislocation morphology on the mechanical properties are discussed. The experimental results show that the number of CuAl₂ (θ phase) precipitates and the dislocation density of Al–4Cu–Mg alloy decreased gradually by the semi-solid heat treatment. Moreover, unique dislocation morphologies including helical dislocations and dislocation loops appeared and evolved to reduce the stored energy. With an increase of the holding time in the semi-solid heat treatment, the ultimate strength and yield strength decreased. The reduction of these mechanical properties of the SIMA treated Al–4Cu–Mg alloy is mainly due to the decrease of refinement strengthening, solution strengthening, and dislocation strengthening in the semi-solid heat treatment.     

微量Sc和Zr对Al—Az—Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg-0.25Zr和Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg合金,测试不同处理态的拉伸力学性能。利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究其不同处理态的显微组织,结果表明：添加微量Sc和Zr可明显细化合金的铸态晶粒,并显著提高Al-Zn-Mg合金的力学性能,其作用机理主要为Al3(Sc,Zr)造成的细晶强化,亚结构强化和弥散强化。     

Notch tensile behavior of extruded Mg–Y–Zn alloys containing long period stacking ordered phase

The notch tensile behavior of extruded Mg–6RY–4Zn and Mg–9RY–4Zn (RY: Y-rich misch metal) alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase tested from room temperature to 250 °C was investigated. LPSO long-strips crack more severely in notch samples compared with that in smooth samples. The UTS values are above 300 MPa and the notch sensitivity ratio (NSR) values are larger than 1 in both alloys because the severe crack of LPSO phase costs more energy in notch samples. Furthermore, the NSR value rises with increasing the RY content or elevating the test temperature. The strengthening effect of LPSO phase is more remarkable at high temperatures. The notch leads the fracture mode of the two alloys changing from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. Designing complex shape components should consider the NSR and plasticity of Mg–Y–Zn alloys together.     

不同Mo含量对Al-Mg合金轧板微观组织和短时高温力学性能的影响

基于高强度耐火Al-Mg合金开发需求,设计并制备了6种Mo含量(质量分数)的Al-Mg合金,经变形热处理获得H3xx态轧板,结合光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉伸试验机、带有能谱仪(EDS)的蔡司扫描电镜(SEM)等表征设备对各合金轧板微观组织和短时高温力学性能进行检测分析,揭示了微量Mo对Al-Mg合金的强韧化机理。结果表明:Mo合金化H3xx态Al-Mg合金具有较高的力学性能,这主要归功于与铝基体呈半共格关系的Al₁₂Mo弥散相起到的弥散强化效果和抑制再结晶作用,但过量的Mo易使Al-Mg合金形成较高Mg固溶度的难熔Al₁₂Mo结晶相,不利于合金性能提升。Al₁₂Mo弥散相具有一定的高温稳定性,高温状态下显著阻碍再结晶晶粒长大,进而提高Al-Mg合金高温性能。Mo含量为0.08%时的高温性能最佳,高温强度最大提升22.5%。随着Mo含量的增加,Al-Mg合金常温力学性能和短时高温力学性能都有所提高。     

Effects of Zn on microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn alloys

In this study, binary Mg–Zn alloys were fabricated with high-purity raw materials and by a clean melting process. The effects of Zn on the microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion behavior of the as-cast Mg–Zn alloys were studied using direct observations, tensile testing, immersion tests and electrochemical evaluations. Results indicate that the microstructure of Mg–Zn alloys typically consists of primary α-Mg matrix and MgZn intermetallic phase mainly distributed along grain boundary. The improvement in mechanical performances for Mg–Zn alloys with Zn content until 5% of weight is corresponding to fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening. Polarization test has shown the beneficial effect of Zn element on the formation of a protective film on the surface of alloys. Mg–5Zn alloy exhibits the best anti-corrosion property. However, further increase of Zn content until 7% of weight deteriorates the corrosion rate which is driven by galvanic couple effect.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn alloys prepared by different processing techniques: a comparative study

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn are investigated and compared in cast/heat treated, rolled and extruded conditions. Compared to the heat treated alloys, the grain size of both alloys decreases while the volume fraction of precipitates increases by rolling and extrusion in Mg–6Sn alloy at 350 ºC due to dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation of intermetallic phases. Zinc has a stronger grain refining effect than tin in the heat treated alloys while the opposite effect is found in the rolled and extruded alloys. For the heat treated alloys the Mg–6Sn the strength reached 158.7 MPa with elongation 5.2% while Mg–6Zn exhibited a higher strength of 183.7 MPa and 8.4% elongation. In rolled condition the strength of Mg–6Sn reached 224 MPa with 1.6% elongation while Mg–6Zn exhibited a lower strength of 124 MPa and a lower ductility of 0.5% elongation due to susceptibility to hot shortness. Extrusion of Mg–6Sn alloy resulted in the maximum attained strength of 281 MPa and an elongation of 6.1% while Mg–6Zn cracked during extrusion due to hot shortness. The results obtained are discussed with respect to microstructure evolution in both alloys.     

ECAP‐Umformung mittel‐ und hochfester ausscheidungshärtbarer Aluminiumknetlegierungen

Equal‐channel angular pressing of medium‐ to high‐strength precipitation hardening aluminium wrought alloys The study deals with the optimisation of medium‐ to high‐strength aluminium wrought alloys. The goal is to define processing routes in order to improve the mechanical properties if compared to their commercial counterparts. It is shown for the Al‐Mg‐Si and the Al‐Cu‐Mg‐Si system that the application of ECAP enables a significant increase in strength. The strengthening as well as the grain size reduction respectively, benefit from increasing alloying as well as from the degree of aging. It is also shown that the presence of a considerably fine particulate reinforcement hardens the material tremendously during ECAP. The combination of a pre‐ or post‐ECAP heat treatment enables the improvement of the workability on the one hand, reducing the loads on the die, and also gives a better ductility on the other hand. This positive effect is particularly pronounced for low alloying contents and high aging temperatures and can be attributed to the interaction of deformation induced defects and the precipitation activity. The combination of an appropriate set of ECAP parameters (heat treatment condition, ECAP‐strain, ‐temperature, ‐backpressure) enables the efficient production of outstanding properties. Due to the low workability of AA7075 (Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu system) no significant improvement in properties was achieved.     

Strengthening mechanism of age-hardenable Al–xMg–3Zn alloys

The addition of 3?wt-% Zn to the traditional Al–Mg alloy doubled its strength. To understand the strengthening mechanism, the enhancement in strength with the variation in Mg content was studied. The grain boundary and solid solution strengthening decrease with the reduction in the Mg content; however, their contributions to the yield strength are insignificant. The contribution of precipitation strengthening to the yield strength is more than 80%; however, due to the unchanged precipitate characteristics, the strengthening effect changes slightly with the variation in the Mg content. The reduction in strength is primarily due to Mg solid solution strengthening. The variation in the ductility of Al–Mg–Zn alloys was studied by fracture analysis.