Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y合金的动态力学性能研究

在不同应变率压缩与拉伸下,研究了Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y合金的力学性能,发现2种条件下合金力学性能变化规律不同。压缩情况下,随应变率增大,极限强度与屈服强度先增大后减小,高应变率下(1300～4800s-1)的流变应力大于中低应变率(0.001～1s-1);在0.001～1450s-1拉伸下,随应变率增大,合金的流变应力呈增大趋势,极限强度、屈服强度增大,破坏应变先减小后增大。压缩情况下合金流变应力的应变率敏感性高于拉伸情况。     

中应变率加载下云杉各向异性力学行为研究

采用高速加载INSTRON设备对云杉开展100 s-1~102 s-1中应变率压缩实验,研究了材料沿顺纹、横纹径向、弦向、以及径(弦)切面内与顺纹呈15°、30°、45°、60°和75°夹角方向的力学性能。实验表明随着加载方向由顺纹向横纹径(弦)向变化,材料屈服强度逐渐减小,应力-应变曲线塑性流动段由"塑性软化"向"塑性硬化"转变;试件沿不同方向压缩屈服强度表现出较强应变率敏感性。冲击压缩下云杉宏观破坏模式与加载方向相关,沿顺纹方向加载时,试件中部向外膨胀,产生褶皱、纤维屈曲折断;当载荷方向与顺纹夹角逐渐增大时,材料失效模式体现为木材纤维分层滑移、撕裂。采用简化Hill强度理论对中低应变率下云杉空间屈服行为进行了理论描述,不同应变率下云杉空间屈服面为椭圆柱曲面,屈服曲面半径长度随应变率提高而增加。实验与理论分析表明,云杉沿空间不同方向具有各向异性力学特性,屈服强度受应变率和加载方向影响较大,而破坏模式则主要依赖于载荷方向。     

应力三轴度和应变率对6063铝合金力学性能的影响及材料表征

对6063铝合金试样在不同应力三轴度和不同应变率下进行拉伸试验,得到了该合金在这两种情况下的力学性能.研究结果表明:随着应力三轴度的减小,材料的等效弹性模量、等效屈服应力减小,但等效断裂应变增大;随着应变率逐渐增大,材料的屈服强度和断裂强度略有增大;断裂应变明显减小;抗拉强度基本不变.Johnson-cook本构模型及其断裂应变模型可以用来描述6063铝合金在不同三轴应力度和不同应变率下的本构及失效关系.通过材料表征,得出了Johnson-cook本构模型及其断裂应变模型中各个参数,为有限元(ABAQUS)模拟提供帮助.     

AZ31B镁合金管材热态内压成形性能的研究

为了研究变形镁合金AZ31B管材的热态内压成形性能,通过单向拉伸测试了不同温度和应变速率下其力学性能的变化,通过胀形实验研究了温度对内高压成形性能的影响,以及相应变形条件下微观组织的变化.实验结果表明:在20～300℃时,AZ31B的屈服强度和抗拉强度随着温度的升高而降低,总伸长率随着温度的升高而提高,均匀伸长率随着温度的升高先增大后减小;当应变速率在0.001～0.1s-1时,屈服强度和抗拉强度随应变速率的增大而升高,总伸长率随着应变速率的增大而减小,均匀伸长率随着应变速率的增大先增加后减小;当温度在20～250℃时,镁合金管材的极限胀形率随温度的升高先增大后减小,在175℃时达到最大值.微观组织观察表明,175℃下不完全动态再结晶和孪晶两种微观组织的出现是使镁合金管材极限胀形率提高的主要原因.     

结构尺寸对混凝土双轴动态破坏行为影响细观分析EI北大核心CSCD

为研究结构尺寸在不同动态双轴工况下对混凝土破坏行为的影响,建立了考虑混凝土材料非均质性的细观力学分析模型,对不同尺寸的立方体混凝土试件在不同应变率(10-5 s-1、10-2 s-1和1 s-1)和不同侧应力比(0、±0.25、±0.50、±0.75、±1.00和-∞)工况下进行了细观数值模拟。研究了混凝土的动态双轴压缩和压缩-拉伸力学行为以及应变率和侧应力比两个因素对混凝土动态双轴强度及其尺寸效应行为的影响规律,分析与讨论了不同工况下结构尺寸对混凝土动态双轴强度的影响机理。研究结果表明:动态双轴压缩工况下,结构尺寸对混凝土动态双轴压缩强度的影响随应变率增大逐渐被削弱,随侧应力比增大先被削弱而后增强;动态双轴压缩-拉伸工况下,随应变率增大,结构尺寸对混凝土动态主轴压缩强度和动态侧轴拉伸强度的影响均被削弱。随侧应力比增大,结构尺寸对混凝土动态主轴压缩强度的影响被增强,而对混凝土动态侧轴拉伸强度的影响被削弱;逐渐增大的应变率会削弱侧应力比对混凝土双轴强度尺寸效应的影响。     

高温处理后闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能及变形机理

目的 探究温度和孔隙率对闭孔泡沫铝材料压缩力学性能和变形机理的影响。方法 将孔隙率为84.3%～87.3%的泡沫铝试件在温度25～700 ℃内进行加热处理,对处理后的试样开展准静态压缩实验。结果 在准静态压缩条件下,闭孔泡沫铝材料在不同温度加热处理后的压缩应力–应变曲线均经历了3个阶段:弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和密实阶段。孔隙率从87.3%减小到84.3%时,其弹性模量增大了44.4 MPa,屈服强度增大了0.39 MPa,平台应力增大了0.94 MPa。孔隙率为84.3%的泡沫铝,在25 ℃时,其弹性模量为141.4 MPa、屈服强度为4.25 MPa、平台应力为4.75 MPa;当加热温度为500 ℃时,弹性模量减小到了128.0 MPa、屈服强度减小到了4.22 MPa、平台应力减小到了4.51 MPa。结论 泡沫铝的弹性模量、抗压屈服强度和平台应力均随孔隙率的增加而减小;加热温度低于500 ℃以下时,泡沫铝材料力学性能变化很小,但屈服强度和弹性模量均小幅度降低;在压缩载荷下,泡沫铝的变形破坏模式呈现出先从试件铝基体较薄弱部分产生孔壁塑性变形、孔洞坍塌,并逐渐出现断裂压缩带,直至泡沫铝孔洞完全坍塌密实。     

锈损冷弯薄壁钢板的断裂机制与断裂模型

为研究锈蚀对冷弯薄壁钢板断裂机制的影响,本工作选取在工业环境中服役多年的C形钢檩条,从其平板部位和弯角部位截取标准试件进行单调拉伸试验,并通过有限元数值分析研究了锈坑深度、深径比和截面损失率对其应力三轴度和等效塑性应变的影响.拉伸试验结果表明:随锈蚀程度增大,试件的塑性硬化阶段和颈缩阶段逐渐缩短,屈服阶段逐渐消失;试件的屈服强度、极限强度和断裂应变逐渐减小.有限元分析结果表明:应力三轴度随锈坑深度和深径比增加逐渐增大,随截面损失率的增加变化不显著;等效塑性应变随锈坑深度和截面损失率增加明显增大,随锈坑深径比增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势.本工作还建立了应力三轴度和等效塑性应变相对值与锈坑深度、深径比和截面损失率的拟合公式,根据拟合结果,对空穴增长模型(VGM模型)和应力修正临界应变模型(SMCS模型)进行修正,从而推导出点蚀损伤和全面腐蚀损伤下冷弯薄壁钢板的断裂模型.     

锻造/层合碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料压缩性能实验与仿真

压缩性能是材料的基础力学性能之一,决定着材料在工程中的应用价值和应用范围.为了获得锻造碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(FC-FREP)和层合碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(LCFREP)的压缩力学性能,进行了准静态实验和霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bars,SHPB)实验,得出了FCFREP和LCFREP在不同应变率下的真实应力-应变关系.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了两种材料的破坏模式,进一步采用有限元软件进行了动态压缩仿真.实验结果表明,FCFREP的应变率效应仅体现在塑性段,且为负应变率效应;LCFREP的应变率效应明显,随着应变率增大,其弹性模量增大、屈服点滞后、流动应力增大.SEM结果表明,动态压缩情况下FCFREP的破坏模式为纤维撕裂拉断和剪切断裂,基体产生裂纹碎裂,LCFREP的动态压缩破坏模式为剪切断裂.仿真结果表明,FCFREP材料的动态压缩可采用双线性本构模型描述,LCFREP材料动态压缩的实际应力路径与仿真结果不同,但屈服极限相同.实验得出的真实应力-应变曲线可以作为研究新本构模型的依据,同时为开发新数值模型提供了参考.     

泡沫铝硅合金动态压缩力学性能及吸能特性研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆研究了泡沫铝硅合金的动态压缩力学性能,得到了应变率为1400s-1~2500s-1的动态应力-应变曲线,且与准静态压缩实验结果进行了对比,分析了应变率对泡沫铝硅材料压缩强度和吸能特性的影响。动态压缩实验过程中,针对泡沫铝硅合金的低阻抗特点,采用LC4铝压杆和半导体应变片改进了测试装置和方法,保证了实验结果的可靠性。结果表明:应变率对泡沫铝硅合金的流动应力有着明显的影响,其流动应力随着应变率的增大而增大;由于惯性效应和胞孔的坍塌,在弹性极限处应力出现波动,且波动应力随应变率的增大而增大。该文还讨论了泡沫铝硅合金在不同应变率下的吸能效率。     

新型高强钢筋动态拉伸力学性能研究

为了获取钢筋在不同应变率下的动态拉伸力学性能参数,利用动载试验机和分离式霍普金森拉杆对HRB400、HRB500高强钢筋和HTRB600、HTRB700新型高强钢筋进行了静态、快速和高速拉伸试验,试验中测得了不同应变率下的应力—应变曲线,并拟合得到动态力学性能参数。结果表明,4种钢筋的屈服强度和抗拉强度随应变率的增长均有提高,强度低的钢筋提高比例较大,屈服强度的提高比例大于抗拉强度的提高比例,弹性模量、塑性段切线模量和最大力总伸长率基本不受应变率影响。应变率的计算应区分弹性段和塑性段,基于不同的应变率计算方法可得到不同的本构模型参数,使用时应加以区别。     

Effect of strain rate on the tension–compression asymmetric responses of Ti–6.6Al–3.3Mo–1.8Zr–0.29Si

An experimental investigation is performed to explore the tension–compression asymmetry of Ti–6.6Al–3.3Mo–1.8Zr–0.29Si alloy over a wide range of strain rates. A split Hopkinson bar technique is used to obtain the dynamic stress–strain responses under uniaxial tension and compression loading conditions. Experimental results indicate that the alloy is a rate sensitive material. Both tension yield strength and compression yield strength increase with increasing strain rate. The mechanical responses of the alloy have the tension–compression asymmetry. The values of yield strength and subsequent flow stress in compression are much higher than that in tension. The yield strength is more sensitive to change with strain rate in tension than compression. The difference of the yield strength between tension and compression increases with the increase of strain rate. The tensile specimen is broken in a manner of ductile fracture presenting characteristic dimples, while the compressive specimen fails in a manner of localized shearing failure.     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of ECAP processed AZ31B over a wide range of loading rates under compression and tension

In this work, a commercial magnesium alloy, AZ31B in hot-rolled condition, has been subjected to severe plastic deformation via four passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to modify its microstructure. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the microstructure of the as-received, ECAPed and mechanically loaded specimens. Mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated under both compression and tension along the rolling/extrusion direction over a wide range of strain rates. The yield strength, ultimate strength and failure strain/elongation under compression and tension were compared in detail to sort out the effects of factors in terms of microstructure and loading conditions. The results show that both the as-received alloy and ECAPed alloy are nearly insensitive to strain rate under compression, and the stress–strain curves exhibit clear sigmoidal shape, pointing to dominance of mechanical twinning responsible for the plastic deformation under compression. All compressive samples fail prematurely via adiabatic shear banding followed by cracking. Significant grain size refinement is identified in the vicinity of the shear crack. Under tension, the yield strength is much higher, with strong rate dependence and much improved tensile ductility in the ECAPed specimens. Tensile ductility is even much larger than the malleability under compression. This supports the operation of 〈c + a〉 dislocations. However, ECAP lowers the yield and flow strengths of the alloy under tension. We attempted to employ a mechanistic model to provide an explanation for the experimental results of plastic deformation and failure, which is in accordance with the physical processes under tension and compression.     

Effect of Strain Rate on Compression Behavior of Vinyl Ester Resin Casting

Vinylesterresin(VE)isoflowdensityandcor rosionresistant,andtheprocessperformanceiswell.Becauseunsaturateddoublecrossbondslieonthe twoendingofmolecularchain,thewholemolecular chainwillelongateandabsorbmechanicalenergyun derforcing,andthenpossessesgoodabilityofimpact andcrackresistant.Thehydroxylsinthemolecular chainmakeVEinfiltrateglassfiber,aramidfiberand UHMPEfiberetc.verywell[1],soVEisanother wildlyusedandstudiedresinfollowedepoxyresin.Intherecentyears,ithasbeenreportedthattheVE resinha…     

Effect of Al2O3 particles on mechanical properties of directionally solidified intermetallic Ti–46Al–2W–0.5Si alloy

The effect of Al₂O₃ particles on microhardness and room-temperature compression properties of directionally solidified (DS) intermetallic Ti–46Al–2W–0.5Si (at.%) alloy was studied. The ingots with various volume fractions of Al₂O₃ particles and mean ₂–₂ interlamellar spacings were prepared by directional solidification at constant growth rates ranging from 2.78×10⁻⁶ to 1.18×10⁻⁴ ms⁻¹ in alumina moulds. The ingots with constant volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles and various mean interlamellar spacings were prepared by directional solidification at a growth rate of 1.18×10⁻⁴ ms⁻¹ and subsequent solution annealing followed by cooling at constant rates varying between 0.078 and 1.889 K s⁻¹. The mean ₂–₂ interlamellar spacing λ for both DS and heat-treated (HT) ingots decreased with increasing cooling rate according to the relationship λ∝ ^−0.46. In DS ingots, microhardness, ultimate compression strength, yield strength and plastic deformation to fracture increased with increasing cooling rate. In HT ingots, microhardness and yield strength increased and ultimate compression strength and plastic deformation to fracture decreased with increasing cooling rate. The yield stress increased with decreasing interlamellar spacing and increasing volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles. A linear relationship between the Vickers microhardness and yield stress was found for both DS and HT ingots. A simple model including the effect of interlamellar spacing and increasing volume fraction of Al₂O₃ particles was proposed for the prediction of the yield stress.     

Roles of detwinning in strain hardening and ultimate elongation in extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy

Abstract

For extruded magnesium alloy, prior compression along extrusion direction has great influences in the flow stress during subsequent tension. Detwinning plays an important role for these influences. In the present study, the effects of different prestrains on strain hardening behaviour during subsequent tension were examined in an extruded magnesium alloy AZ31. The results showed that the existence of detwinning decreased the tensile yield stress. Samples with different prestrains exhibited different strain hardening behaviour during subsequent tension. The reorientation due to detwinning had a great effect on strain hardening during tension. In addition, the effect of detwinning on ultimate elongation was investigated. The results showed that the sample with higher prestrain always has higher ultimate elongation due to the contribution of detwinning on macroscopic strain.     

Failure envelopes for asphaltic concrete

The purpose of the investigation was to obtain the variation in trends of the thermoviscoelastic properties of an asphaltic concrete subjected to normal temperature and to high temperature during pre-heating, mixing, and compaction. The specimens were tested in uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression at constant strain rates varied over 5 decades and for temperature between—50 and 150°F. The ultimate stress varied 2 orders of magnitude while the ultimate strain varied by a factor of about 3 for the given extremes of test temperature and strain rates investigated. The four fundamental thermoviscoelastic properties for each set of tests were summarized on a single graph. Smith failure envelopes showed how the maximum ultimate stress increased and the maximum ultimate strain decreased with increased mixing and compaction temperatures. Results of the material characterizations in this study compare favorably with previous investigations.     

The effect of particulate loading on the mechanical behaviour of Al2O3/Al metal-matrix composites

An investigation was made to determine the effect of particulate loading on the elastic, tensile, compressive and fracture properties of Al₂O₃/Al metal-matrix composites fabricated by a pressureless-liquid-metal-infiltration process. The elastic modulus was found to be strongly affected by the reinforcement content, falling within the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. The Young's modulus of the most highly loaded composite was 170 GPa; compare with 65 GPa for the unreinforced alloy. The strength systematically increased with loading, and the rate of increase also increased with loading. The measured yield strengths were nominally the same in both tension and compression; however, the composites possessed far greater ultimate strengths and strains-to-failure in compression than in tension. At 52 vol % reinforcement, yield strengths in tension and compression of 491 and 440 MPa, respectively, were measured, whereas the associated ultimate strengths were 531 and 1035 MPa, respectively. In tension, the yield and ultimate strengths of the base alloy were found to be 170 and 268 MPa, respectively. The composites displayed a nearly constant fracture toughness for all particulate loadings, with values approaching 20 MPa m^1/2 compared to a value of 29 MPa m^1/2 for the base alloy. Using fractography, the tensile-failure mechanism was characterized as transgranular fracture of the Al₂O₃ particles followed by ductile rupture of the Al-alloy matrix, with no debonding at the matrix/reinforcement interfaces.     

AZ31B镁合金挤压板材力学性能的各向异性

在AZ31B镁合金板材的板面内沿不同方向进行单向拉伸和压缩试验,研究挤压板材的力学性能。结果表明,变形AZ31B镁合金板材具有显著的各向异性和拉压非对称性。在板面内,沿挤压方向拉伸时的屈服应力明显地比沿同方向压缩和沿其他方向拉伸或压缩时的高(约2倍);沿45°斜向拉伸的屈服应力和抗拉强度较低,而延伸率最高;这种非对称性主要表现为屈服非对称和塑性流动非对称,即拉压的屈服应力不相等和拉压应力-应变曲线形状不同,压缩曲线表现出特殊的"S"型。基于晶体塑性理论,讨论了引起变形镁合金的各向异性和拉压非对称性力学性能的变形机理。     

Tailoring the microstructure,martensitic transformation and strain recovery characteristics of Ti-Ta shape memory alloys by changing Hf content

In the present work,the microstructure features,martensitic transformation,mechanical properties and strain recovery characteristics of Ti-Ta based shape memory alloys were tailored by changing Hf contents.The single α"martensite phase was dominated in Ti-Ta alloy with 2 at.％H f.Upon Hf content exceeded 2 at.％,β phase started to appear.Moreover,the amount of β phase gradually increased with Hf content increasing.The martensitic transformation temperatures continuously decreased with the increased Hf content,which was attributed to the rising of valence electron concentration.Meanwhile,Hf addition improved the thermal cycling stability of Ti-Ta alloys due to the suppression of ω precipitation.The yield stress of Ti-Ta based alloys firstly decreased and then increased with Hf content increasing.In addition,the completely recoverable strain of 4％can be obtained in Ti-Ta alloy with 6 at.％Hf as a consequence of the higher critical stress for dislocation slip.Besieds,the Ti-Ta based alloy containing 8 at.％Hf had the superior superelasticity behavior with the fully recoverable strain of 2％at room temperature.     

TC21钛合金中应变速率拉伸力学行为实验研究

对网篮组织TC21钛合金进行了0.001 s-1～50 s-1的中应变速率室温拉伸试验。试验结果表明,TC21拉伸力学行为在试验应变速率范围内具有明显的应变速率强化效应、应变硬化效应和随应变速率升高而逐渐增大的温升软化效应;屈服应力的应变速率相关性在6 s-1时发生转折;随应变率的升高,应变硬化效应减小,断裂应变和失稳应变增大;试验应变速率范围内TC21的变形机制为位错的热激活机制。SEM和金相观察结果表明,TC21的断裂方式均为韧性断裂,断裂机理为微孔洞的聚集和长大。