不同烧结工艺对K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷微结构的影响

采用普通烧结方法和热压烧结方法制备了K0.5Na0.5NbO3(KNN)无铅压电陶瓷.着重研究了两种烧结工艺对陶瓷的微观结构、晶粒形貌及致密度的影响.研究结果表明,两种烧结方法制备的陶瓷样品都具有单一的正交钙钛矿结构,与普通烧结工艺相比,利用热压烧结工艺制备的样品呈现较高的相对密度(大于98%)、较小的晶粒尺寸(0.6μm左右)及较低的介电损耗(1 kHz,tanδ≤2.8%).实验中发现对于热压烧结的样品,通过改变后期退火温度,样品的晶粒尺寸,致密度可以有规律地变化.     

微波烧结SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料

采用微波烧结的方法,在烧结温度分别为680℃,710℃,740℃,770℃,800℃制备了15％的SiCp／Al复合材料。探讨温度对材料的致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明：致密度和材料硬度及冲击韧性随温度变化呈马鞍形,在770℃样品的密度和硬度及冲击韧性达到最佳值,分别为2．62g／cm3,42．6MPa,40J／cm2。结论：用微波烧结SiCp／Al复合材料可在短时间内使样品达到烧结致密化,缩短烧结时间,节约能源。     

烧结温度对粉末冶金铁基材料组织与性能的影响

目的 利用粉末冶金工艺制备了Fe-Ni-Cu-Cr-Si-C(石墨)材料,并且研究烧结温度对材料显微组织、硬度、致密度、耐磨性的影响.方法 在1050,1100,1150℃烧结温度下烧结2 h后得到了3组样品,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对样品进行组织结构分析.采用布氏硬度计和电子天平分别对样品进行硬...     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3陶瓷高温反应烧结工艺的研究

运用均匀设计方法制定PMN反应烧结的试验方案,并对所得样品的烧结收缩率和相对密度等试验数据进行回归处理,同时利用在其他反应烧结条件下所得样品的试验数据对回归方程进行验证,回归方程具有较高的置信度.在1050℃以后利用反应烧结可得到高纯度的PMN陶瓷;保温时间对烧结收缩率和相对密度的影响远小于烧结温度的影响;在反应烧结过程中,烧结收缩率和相对密度的变化大致可分为三个阶段:1050℃以前和1100℃以后两个阶段变化均很平缓,1050℃～1100℃之间变化则较为急剧.温度达1200℃时,经过足够的保温时间可实现99%以上的相对密度.     

CaO对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷的致密化及力学性能的影响

采用冷压-烧结技术制备了CaO掺杂的17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷惰性阳极。研究了CaO的添加量和烧结温度对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷的物相组成、 致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明, CaO含量在小于5.0wt%范围内, 烧结样品由Ni、 NiO和NiFe₂O₄组成。CaO掺杂对17Ni/(10NiO-NiFe₂O₄)金属陶瓷具有明显的助烧作用。当烧结温度为1250℃时, CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%的样品致密度达到最大值97.87%, 继续增加CaO掺杂量将导致材料致密度的下降。当烧结温度从1250℃提高到1350℃时, 当CaO掺杂量小于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而增加; 当CaO掺杂量大于或等于0.5wt%时, 样品的致密度随烧结温度的提高而降低。提高烧结温度和添加CaO均能促进陶瓷相晶粒长大。样品在1250℃烧结时, 其抗弯强度在CaO掺杂量为1.0wt%时达到极大值为150.66MPa。     

多晶六硼化铈的制备及性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备了高致密度CeB6多晶块体,考察了烧结工艺参数对多晶CeB6样品性能的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度和烧结压力的升高,样品的致密度逐渐增大,力学性能显著提升。最佳烧结工艺参数为T=1 900℃,P=50 MPa,t=5 min,该工艺下多晶CeB6样品的致密度为95.88%,硬度为(19.37±0.65)GPa,抗弯强度为(124.82±6.24)MPa。分别在1 500,1 600,1 700℃条件下,测试了该样品的热发射电流密度,结果表明随着阴极温度的升高,多晶CeB6的最大热电子发射电流密度从3.14 A/cm2上升到18.45A/cm2,最小逸出功为3.05eV。     

低成本YSZ电解质膜管的制备和性能研究

用真空注浆法制备出膜厚为0.2mm的8mol%YSZ电解质膜管，用排水法、SEM和复阻抗等分析手段研究了YSZ电解质膜管烧结密度、表面形貌及其电导性能，确定了可使YSZ电解质膜管获得最佳烧结性能的烧结温度。研究结果表明，真空注浆法是一种制备高烧结性能YSZ电解质膜管的简单方法。用这一方法已制备出相对密度为98.1%、长度为254mm的致密YSZ电解质膜管，其烧结温度范围比传统注浆法制备YSZ电解质管降低了190～200℃。研究还表明，随烧结温度升高，样品致密度增大，导电性能也逐渐提高。经1600℃烧结2h样品的烧结密度和导电性能均达到最佳值；进一步提高烧结温度，样品的致密度和电学性能均有所下降。     

放电等离子超快速烧结氧化物陶瓷

本文介绍一种氧化物陶瓷超快速烧结的新方法．用放电等离子烧结的方法对Al₂O₃、Y-TZP、YAG、Al₂O₃-ZrO₂2和莫来石等各种氧化物粉体进行了超快速烧结,采用2～3min升温到1200℃以上,不保温或保温2min,然后迅即在3min之内冷却至600℃以下的烧结温度,得到了直径为20mm的晶粒细、致密度高、力学性能好的烧结样品．对用化学共沉淀法自制的20mol％Al₂O₃-ZrO₂（3Y）纳米粉体分别在1170～1500℃之间的7个不同温度下进行放电等离子烧结,升温速率为200℃／min,保温2min后;迅即在3min之内强制冷却至600℃以下．1350℃以上烧结得到的样品密度已接近理论密度,1250℃以上烧结得到的样品的断裂韧性K1c都大于6MPa·m^1/2放电等离子超快速反应烧结所得到的ZrO₂-莫来石复相陶瓷致密度高、力学性能好,ZrO₂晶粒在莫来石基体中分布均匀,XRD结果表明,在1530℃烧结的样品中,已找不到ZrsiO₄痕迹,说明在如此快速的烧结条件下;反应烧结已经可以完成．     

B2O3和煅烧温度对堇青石陶瓷材料的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备堇青石纳米粉体,采用差热分析、阿基米德排水法、Zata电位仪等测试手段进行了性能表征;研究了添加剂B2O3、煅烧温度对烧结性能以及线收缩率、密度、吸水率等物理性能的影响.结果表明,添加适量B2O3可降低烧结温度、提高样品致密度;煅烧温度越高特别是高于析晶温度时,材料的致密化程度降低.经600℃煅烧的样品,烧结后的致密化程度达99%.     

Fe86Zr5.5 Nb5.5 B3非晶合金的超高压烧结成型

为了获得致密的块状Fe86Zr55Nb55B3纳米晶合金,研究了高压快速烧结工艺参数对样品致密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:快淬球磨破碎非晶粉末在5.5 GPa/3min烧结条件下,当Pw=1150 W后,可获得相对密度为98.3%、单相α-Fe纳米晶(16.3 nm)块体合金,且随着Pw和t的增加,样品相对密度和α-Fe相晶粒尺寸均略有增加,样品典型的比饱和磁化强度σs和矫顽力Hc分别为119.6 emu/g,63.8 Oe.     

Density analysis of direct metal laser re-melted 316L stainless steel cubic primitives

This paper reports on the density of cubic primitives made by Direct Metal Laser Re-Melting, a process variant of selective laser sintering (SLS). Here, stainless steel 316L powder fractions are scanned and fused by a 90 W Nd:YAG laser in consecutive 100 m layers in order to build a 3-Dimensional object. The effects of Q-Switch pulsing frequency, scanning speed and scan spacing on sample density are described. The samples are measured by two methods: a weight/volume analysis and a xylene impregnation technique. The results are supported by microscopy analysis for qualitative arguments. The results show the significant influence of pulsing the beam on the density of the fabricated material. Also reported is the relationship of material density with energy density (as a function of the process parameters; power, scan speed and scan spacing). Optical analysis of material cross sections shows a periodic occurrence of porosity across the whole range of samples. Causes for this are discussed.     

基于SLS/CIP工艺SiC陶瓷的制备及其性能

以喷雾干燥的SiC-Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3造粒粉为原料,使用机械混合法得到复合粉体,通过激光选区烧结/冷等静压技术并结合液相烧结工艺制备出SiC陶瓷,对SiC陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构、抗弯强度及密度进行表征。结果表明:喷雾造粒粉平均粒径为39.43μm,球形度较高,流动性良好,适用于SLS成型;SLS成型最优参数为激光功率7W、扫描间距0.15mm、扫描速率2200mm/s、单层层厚0.15mm且CIP压力为80MPa时, SiC陶瓷素坯的性能最佳,抗弯强度为(2.23±0.10)MPa,密度为(1.31±0.05)g/cm^3;在1950℃下烧结2h后,样品发生了致密化,SiC陶瓷密度为(1.95±0.17)g/cm^3,相对密度为(60.81±5.31)%,抗弯强度为(55.43±4.04)MPa。     

Effect of laser irradiation on superconducting properties of bulk MgB<Subscript>2</Subscript> sintered at different temperatures

The surfaces of MgB₂ bulk samples produced by a pellet/closed tube method at two different sintering temperatures of 650 and 850?°C, after hot pressing at 200?°C, were irradiated with the same irradiation dose by using an Nd:YVO₄ laser in order to study the possible potentiality of laser irradiation to improve pinning performances and critical current density of MgB₂ superconductor. The measurements showed that the magnetic field dependence of the critical current density values of irradiated sample sintered at 650?°C slightly increased with a narrowing in superconducting transition region as compared to the reference sample sintered at same temperature. However, irradiated sample sintered at 850?°C showed a decrease in pinning performance and similar critical temperature values as compared to the corresponding reference sample. From these results it can be said that the same laser irradiation dose affects superconducting properties of bulk MgB₂ in different ways depending on sintering temperature of the superconductor.     

基于粉末成形的激光增材制造陶瓷技术研究进展

陶瓷以其优异的热物理化学性能在航空航天、能源、环保以及生物医疗等领域具有极大的应用潜力。随着这些领域相关技术的快速发展, 其核心零件部件外形结构设计日益复杂、内部组织逐步走向定制化、梯度化。陶瓷具有硬度高、脆性大等特点, 较难通过传统的加工成形方法实现异形结构零件的制造, 最终限制了陶瓷材料的工程应用范围。激光增材制造技术作为一种快速发展的增材制造技术, 在复杂精密陶瓷零部件的制造中具有显著优势: 无模、精度高、响应快以及周期短, 同时能够实现陶瓷零件组织结构灵活调配, 有望解决上述异形结构陶瓷零件成形问题。本文综述了多种基于粉末成形的激光增材制造陶瓷技术: 基于粉末床熔融的激光选区烧结和激光选区熔化; 基于定向能量沉积的激光近净成形技术。主要讨论了各类激光增材陶瓷技术的成形原理与特点, 综述了激光选区烧结技术中陶瓷坯体后处理致密化工艺以及激光选区熔化和激光近净成形技术这两种技术中所打印陶瓷坯体基体裂纹开裂行为分析及其控制方法的研究进展, 对比分析了激光选区烧结、激光选区熔化以及激光近净成形技术在成形陶瓷零件的技术特征, 最后展望了激光增材制造陶瓷技术的未来发展趋势。     

The impact of aging and drag-finishing on the surface integrity and corrosion behavior of the selective laser melted maraging steel samples

The maraging steel components fabricated using the selective laser melting process exhibit remarkable static strength. However, high pore density and large surface imperfections impede their overall mechanical and chemical performance. Thus, the components are often post-treated with mechanical- and thermal-based treatments to overcome their inherent imperfections and enhance their final mechanical properties. Although the post-processing treatments are useful in enhancing the selective laser melted components’ mechanical performance, their effect on corrosion behavior is not comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the selective laser melting prepared maraging steel samples’ corrosion behavior was examined in the as-built condition and compared with the post-processed samples subjected to aging and drag finishing operations. Compared to the as-built condition, both aging and drag-finishing post-processing treatments increased the selective laser melting samples’ corrosion even though the surface integrity was improved.     

Laser micro sintering: A new method to generate metal and ceramic parts of high resolution with sub-micrometer powder

Laser micro sintering (LMS) was developed by the research group at University of Applied Sciences Mittweida and the associated Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen e.V. as the result of research started in 2001 with a project on the possibility of generating parts by selective laser sintering (SLS) with improved resolution. For the successful generation of solid bodies from various metal powders the technology uses essentially sub-micrometer powders, a cylindrical coating blade and a q-switched solid state laser. The resolution and the surface roughness are by more than one order of magnitude better than those achieved by previous selective laser sinter technologies. Presently the technology shows advancements in selective laser sintering of highly resolved specimens of densely sintered Al₂O₃ and SiC ceramics too.

This paper reports the process mechanism of LMS and its principal differences compared to other SLS methods. A variety of laser micro sintered parts from different metals and the newest results in laser micro sintering of ceramic parts are presented. Material specific behaviour in laser micro sintering is discussed. Also the ability of the method will be shown to generate parts of layer wise different materials (laminate sintering) in one sintering machine.     

放电等离子快速烧结纳米3Y-TZP材

本文采用放电等离子烧结技术（ＳＰＳ）快速烧结结纳米３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料,利用ＳＰＳ技术快速烧结,可制备出完整、致密的３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料,在烧结温度为１３００℃,保温３ｍｉｎ条件下,相对密度达９８．２％,晶粒仅１００￣１３０ｎｍ,研究发现,材料的密度随烧结温度的变化趋势与一般快速烧结有明显区别;材料的晶粒随烧结温度的提高而长大,但长大幅度小于其他一些烧结方法所得的３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ材料,本研究对这些现象进行了理     

尼龙纳米复合材料的选区激光烧结成型技术研究进展

系统地论述了选区激光烧结原理及尼龙纳米复合材料选区激光烧结的国内外发展概况,总结了目前该领域中所取得的成果,指出了实现选区激光烧结制备尼龙纳米复合零件,不仅要解决其成型收缩,还必需解决无机纳米粒子的分散问题.并展望了尼龙纳米复合材料选区激光烧结快速成型技术的发展前景.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of uranium nitride prepared by SPS technique

Nitride fuel is a promising nuclear fuel in fast breeder reactor (FBR) or accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) system. In this study, high-density UN pellets were prepared by Spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The sample density strongly depended on the sintering temperature and pressure, and the pellets with 90% of theoretical density were easily obtained with low sintering temperature and short sintering time without any milling process. The grain size and pore size were much smaller compared with those for samples prepared by conventional sintering process. Despite of the small grain size, the thermal conductivity remains the high value. The SPS process permits easy densification of nitrides without any deterioration of thermal and mechanical properties, considered to be suitable as a preparation method of nitride fuels.     

基于SLS的高强度低密石墨陶瓷复合隔热材料快速制备

本文率先利用选择性激光烧结技术快速制备了高强度石墨陶瓷复合隔热材料,重点研究了二次固化、真空压力浸渍、碳化和高温烧结等后处理工艺以及材料配方组成对其密度、抗压强度和导热系数的影响。研究发现加入适量的硅粉和可膨胀石墨可以对石墨陶瓷复合隔热材料的密度、抗压强度和导热系数进行调控,采取合适后处理工艺路线可以改变石墨陶瓷复合隔热材料的综合性能。最终实现了低密度(<1.2 g/cm^3)、高抗压强度(>10 MPa)、低的导热系数(<2 W/(m·K))和耐高温(>1650℃)等多个性能指标的统一,满足了工业应用需求。