设置砼构造柱砖砌体结构受压承载力计算

通过理论分析和试验研究,对设置砼构造柱砖砌体结构的受压承载力建立了两种计算方法,为采用240mm厚砖墙建造中高层混合结构房屋提供了依据.     

Behaviour of self-centring shear walls——A state of the art review

The application of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) in structural walls has led to the development of advanced self-centring (rocking) shear wall systems that has significant advantages, including accelerated construction due to the incorporation of prefabricated elements and segmental construction for different materials (e.g., concrete, masonry, and timber), reduced residual drifts, and little damage upon extreme seismic and wind loads. Concrete, masonry, and timber are often used for the construction of unbonded PT structural wall systems. Despite extensive research since the 1980s, there are no well-established design guidelines available on the shear wall configuration with the required energy dissipation system, joint’s locations and acceptance criteria for shear sliding, confinement, seismic performance factors, PT loss, PT force range and residual drifts of shear walls subjected to lateral loads. In this research a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review was performed on self-centring shear wall system. An extensive study was carried out to collect a database of 100 concrete, masonry, and self-centring shear wall tests from the literature. The established database was then used to review shear walls’ configurations, material, and components to benchmark requirements applicable for design purposes. The behaviour of concrete, masonry and timber shear walls were compared and critically analysed. The general behaviour, force-displacement performance of the walls, ductility, and seismic response factors, were critically reviewed and analysed for different self-centring wall systems to understand the effect of different parameters including configurations of the walls, material used for construction of the wall (concrete, masonry, timber) and axial stress ratio. The outcome of this research can be used to better understand the behaviour of self-centring wall system in order to develop design guidelines for such walls.     

城市道路参数化建模规则初探

随着参数化技术的发展,参数化建模的应用领域已逐渐拓展到建筑设计和城市规划设计领域,相关的研究也日益受到重视。但是,城市道路的参数化建模却较少受到学者们的关注。论文基于参数化设计平台CityEngine,研究并改进了城市道路的参数化建模规则,旨在拓展参数化建模的应用领域。     

The ‘Urban Elements’ method for teaching parametric urban design to professionals

The article proposes a method for teaching advanced urban design to working professionals in Singapore. The article aims to expand the discourse on parametric urban design education by introducing ‘Urban Elements’ as conceptual urban design instruments with an inherent rule-based logic, which can help to bridge gaps in teaching parametric urban design thinking. As case study we present a course developed for and delivered to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore in 2017 by the Future Cities Laboratory at the Singapore-ETH Centre. The article reports on the pedagogical method, course results and course feedback. The main difficulties of teaching professionals in parametric urban design are described and possible reasons and improvements are discussed. The results show that participants using the ‘Urban Elements’ method successfully linked theoretical input to urban design problems, applied evidence-based urban design strategies to these problems, and developed parametric definitions to explore the solution spaces of these urban design challenges. The teaching methodology presented opens up a new research field for urban design pedagogy at the intersection of explicating urban design intent, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and exploring new software driven tools.     

带构造柱组合砖墙出平面偏心受压性能及设计方法

为研究带构造柱组合砖墙出平面偏心受压性能, 设计7个空间模型并对其进行静力加载试验。模型均由2片带构造柱组合砖墙及连接两片墙中部构造柱的加载梁和连接两端部构造柱的横向圈梁组成,在一定程度反映实际工程的空间作用。模型试验过程显示,随荷载增大逐步使梁跨中截面开裂、塑性铰出现、挠度剧增,迫使梁柱节点转动,以致构造柱连同墙体因偏心受压而开裂、屈服并出现塑性铰,圈梁扭矩裂缝与墙体斜裂缝贯通,组合墙显著外突而破坏。研究结果表明：上部结构的约束、轴压比的增大及偏心距的减小有利于柱、圈梁和砌体墙共同工作性能的发挥;沿墙长方向截面应力的传递和重分布十分明显,表现出构造柱与砖墙的较强协同工作能力;在梁、柱、墙和圈梁截面刚度、构造柱间距和材料强度等诸多因素中,梁刚度是控制模型极限承载力的主要因素。最后提出了关于带构造柱组合砖墙出平面偏心受压时的设计方法,即将组合墙简化为柱、将楼（屋）盖梁简化为横梁的组合框架模型进行内力分析和正截面承载力计算。该设计方法采用与现行砌体规范关于钢筋混凝土（或砂浆）面层的组合墙承载力计算公式相同的模式,但对计算单元与组合框架柱截面宽度、压区钢筋与砌体强度的取值方法等做了新的界定。本研究可为砌体结构设计规范的补充完善提供试验和理论依据。     

Seismic design of outrigger systems using equivalent energy design procedure

An outrigger system is an effective structural scheme that is commonly used in high‐rise construction to increase the stiffness of concrete core walls and to reduce the moment demand within the walls. Despite the on‐going use of outrigger systems around the world, a formal seismic design procedure is yet available. This paper presents an equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP) to design outrigger systems for seismic applications. Three prototype outrigger‐wall buildings of various heights are designed for Vancouver, Canada. Detailed finite element models are developed to assess the seismic performance of the prototype buildings and to assess the safety using the FEMA P695 methodology. The result shows that EEDP is an efficient method to design outrigger systems which results in structures that can achieve sufficient margin of safety against collapse and satisfy multiple performance objectives at different seismic hazard levels.     

配筋混凝土砌块砌体剪力墙位移延性的数值分析

针对设计规范计算方法的不足,探讨了数值计算方法在配筋混凝土砌块砌体剪力墙位移延性计算中的应用问题,给出了详细的计算步骤,并编写程序进行了配筋混凝土砌块砌体剪力墙位移延性系数计算.研究结果表明,采用数值计算方法,能较好地解决配筋混凝土砌块砌体剪力墙延性简化计算存在的问题,其适应性更强,便于工程应用.     

Compartment Masonry Walls in Fire Situations

A series of analytical studies were conducted to investigate the behaviour of masonry walls supporting a reinforced concrete slab under a number of fire scenarios. The main purpose is to use various types of sub-assembly in predicting the structural behaviour in fire. The analysis of sub-frames rather than complete structures is attractive since they have the potential to reduce computation time dramatically, which could be of significance if large numbers of results need to be generated for design documents. The analyses are all performed using a finite element program, called MasSET (Masonry Subject to Elevated Temperatures), whose most recent development has been the capability to take into account the interface element between the masonry wall and the slab. Separation, sliding, and opening and closing of initial gaps at the interface between the masonry wall and the reinforced concrete slab are accounted for by adjusting the properties of interface elements.     

混凝土多孔砖砌体组合结构抗震性能的研究

介绍了砌体组合结构的研究现状，用空间有限元分析方法，探讨了不同剪力墙数量、位置、不同房屋高宽比的混凝土多孔砖砌体墙与钢筋混凝土剪力墙组合结构中砌体墙与混凝土墙承载力的分配关系。     

高强混凝土小型空心砌块墙抗震性能分析

高强混凝土小型空心砌块墙采用了强度大于MU15的高强砌块,并采用了高强度的灌芯混凝土(灌芯混凝土强度等级大于C30),还设置与芯柱混凝土强度等级相同的构造柱的配筋砌体。随着墙体材料改革的不断深入,混凝土小型空心砌块作为一种节能环保墙体材料得到了广泛的应用。但其在高层建筑中应用,特别是在抗震设防区的应用还存在一些问题。本文借助有限元软件ANSYS对高强混凝土小型空心砌块墙在不同砌块强度等级、不同混凝土强度芯柱-构造柱等参数下进行抗震性能分析,为其高层化发展,特别是在抗震设防区的高层砌体设计提供理论基础。     

电位滴定法测定原油中硫醇硫含量

三维数字城市的快速发展催生了大量的延伸业务,常规的依赖于三维建模软件的手工建模方式越来越难以适应快速、规范化、可调整等专业业务对三维模型的更高要求。对此,基于参数和规则的建模技术应运而生。本文以参数化建模技术为基础,结合规则建模技术的特性,实现了一种基于断面的建构筑物快速建模技术,通过设计简单对象的断面和延伸线以及复杂对象各组成部件的断面和空间关系设计,实现建构筑物的快速建模。最后,展示研究成果在辅助城市规划和片区设计成果展示分析等工程项目中进行应用。     

Zum statischen System von Kellerwänden aus unbewehrtem Beton unter Erddruck

Static System of Earth Pressure loaded Basement Walls made of Non‐Reinforced Concrete Basement walls in housing are usually made of masonry or reinforced concrete. Both styles are more labor‐ and material‐intensive and therefore more expensive than basement walls without reinforcement. The required wall‐thickness of non‐reinforced walls is the most important reason for the general restraint. The design according to DIN 1045‐1 results in thicker walls compared to the design of masonry according to DIN 1053. The article illustrates the reason for the conservative design according to DIN 1045‐1 and its supposed static system in comparison to the developed design method deduced from finite‐element‐simulations. Hereby the wall thickness of non‐reinforced concrete walls can be reduced by using their ability of deformation.     

The work of CIB W23

The joint co‐ordinators of the CIB working commission on ‘Wall structures’ review the main areas of present interest: the design and execution of masonry structures, including reinforced masonry; masonry construction in earthquake zones; the sizing of mechanical connections for large‐panel concrete buildings; and the renovation of existing structural walls.     

Seismic evaluation of old masonry buildings. Part I: Method description and application to a case-study

This paper describes a method developed to evaluate the seismic performance of old masonry buildings, which allows identifying the expected structural collapse mechanism of the structure. The collapse mechanism is identified by the accumulation of several damaged structural elements in specific points of the structure. The methodology allows simulating the non-linear behaviour of masonry buildings by making use of an iterative procedure, where the structure is changed at each step according to the cracking, yielding or collapse of structural elements at the previous steps. The method was applied to an old masonry building from the city of Lisbon that includes a three-dimensional timber structure enclosed in masonry walls aimed at providing seismic resistance. Discussion is made regarding the advantages of the iterative procedure for the identification of the expected structural collapse mechanism of old masonry buildings. The method limitations will also be discussed.     

一种道路参数化快速建模技术与应用

介绍一种在高精度三维地形模型的基础上对道路设计方案快速集成和实时模拟的方法。基于道路设计领域知识,设计道路空间-语义一体化的信息模型,实现道路设计成果的快速整合;基于参数化设计技术和断面拉伸建模技术实现道路三维模型的快速构建。在此基础上开展路基土石方计算、征地统计和辅助规划管理等工作,为道路方案的可视化展现、辅助分析决策和提升设计效率、加强方案科学性等提供了一种技术手段。     

多层砖混结构抗震设计要点

介绍了砖房的应用及其抗震缺陷 ,分析了砖房抗震设计中存在的问题。并在结合新抗震规范和总结有关科研成果的基础上 ,提出了多层砖房抗震设计的具体作法     

Experimental study and design of a new hybrid RC frame system with stiffened masonry wall subjected to cyclic loading

This paper experimentally investigates the hysteresis behavior of a hybrid reinforced concrete (RC) frame system with stiffened masonry wall to enhance the seismic performance of existing RC buildings subjected to cyclic loading. The influences of the depth of the columns section, the length of masonry walls, and the grouting ratio of reinforced masonry were evaluated by designing a series of orthogonal quasi‐static tests on a half‐scale specimen. Test results indicated that the grouting ratio played the most significant role on the maximum strength, energy dissipation capacity, and the relative stiffness degradation rate of the hybrid structural system, whereas the length of masonry walls tends to dominate the deformation capacity. A trilinear analytical model and design recommendations are proposed to estimate the cyclic behavior based on force‐displacement hysteresis law that takes account of the effects of the post‐peak strength and unloading stiffness degradation.     

用钢筋混凝土构造柱加强砖房抗震性能的研究

本文叙述了带钢筋混凝土构造柱的砖墙足尺墙片在侧向往复荷载作用下力学性能的试验研究和这类建筑物抗震性能的分析。对带构造柱的墙片抗侧力能力和刚度的计算,提出了建议。建立了合理的滞回特性模型。选择了两座典型结构,进行了拟合现行规范标准反应谱的人工地震波作用下的非线性反应的统计分析,研究了这类结构层间延性要求沿高度分布规律,对于按现行抗震设计规范进行抗震设计时结构影响系数C的取值,提出了建议。     

填充墙框架结构自振周期折减系数研究

目前规范针对混凝土空心砌块、加气混凝土砌块等一些新型砌体填充墙材料周期折减系数的取值问题尚未明确规定,但是自振周期折减系数对地震作用下RC框架结构的动力响应有着重要的影响。针对新型砌体填充墙RC框架结构的自振周期折减系数,运用Sap2000有限元软件进行分析研究并探讨了由于框架填充墙材料的不同、楼层层数的不同导致自振周期和周期折减系数的取值不同问题,给自振周期折减系数的取值提出了合理建议,为今后在结构设计中针对RC框架结构周期折减系数的取值大小问题提供有力的参考依据。