Al3+掺杂对Li1.02Mn2O4结构和电化学性能的影响

用固相法合成了Li1.02AlxMn2-xO4(x=0.0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.30)锂离子电池正极材料,研究了Al3+对尖晶石型Li1.02Mn2O4的结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当掺杂量x小于0.2时,没有出现杂相,掺杂量为0.3时,出现杂相Al2O3;Al3+的掺入能稳定晶体结构,使材料在充放过程中很好地保持稳定,减弱Li+的能级分裂,改善材料的耐过充性能.当x=0.15时,初始最高容量为118.7 mAh·g-1,160次循环容量衰减至113.8 mAh·g-1,容量保持率为95.8%.Al3+的加入使材料的电导率降低,但材料结构更加稳定,循环性能变得更好.     

Mg~(2+)掺杂对锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的性能影响研究

以Li2CO3和粒径为70nm的TiO2为原料,以碱式碳酸镁[(MgCO3)4·Mg(OH)2·6H2O]为镁源,采用高温固相法合成了Li4Mgx Ti5O12(设定镁锂摩尔比R=x/4=0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05来确定掺杂镁的量)。采用XRD、SEM、CV、电化学阻抗谱、充放电曲线等对所合成的材料进行了物理和电化学性能表征。测试结果表明:随着Mg2+掺杂量的增加,钛酸锂的比容量出现先增大后减小的趋势;当R=0.03时具有最高的电化学性能,其首次放电比容量高达189.9mAh/g,高于Li4Ti5O12的理论容量175mAh/g。由于适量的Mg2+掺杂改善了材料的内部结构,提高了锂离子的嵌入量从而提高了比容量。     

金属元素掺杂Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3正极材料的研究进展

金属元素掺杂能从本质上改善Li3V2(PO4)3的电子电导率和锂离子扩散速率,从而提高材料的电化学性能。概述了近年来金属元素掺杂Li3V2(PO4)3的研究进展,分别从掺杂元素和表征技术两方面进行综述,介绍了Mg2+、Ni 2+、Cr3+、Co2+等金属离子掺杂对Li3V2(PO4)3的结构以及电化学性能的影响,并对进一步的研究方向和发展趋势提出了见解。     

Zn~(2+)掺杂对Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的电化学性能和振实密度的影响

采用固相法合成了掺杂Zn2+的锂离子电池负极材料Li4-2xZn3xTi5-xO12(0≤3x≤0.2)。对材料进行了SEM、XRD、激光粒度分析、振实密度、循环伏安测试及恒电流充放电测试。Zn2+的掺杂未改变材料的晶体结构,但使材料的振实密度有了明显提高,达到了1.56g/cm3。实验结果表明,Zn2+的掺杂改善了Li4Ti5O12的电化学性能,降低了电极的极化,提高了Li4Ti5O12的循环稳定性;当各元素摩尔比为n(Li)∶n(Zn)∶n(Ti)=3.933∶0.100∶4.967时,材料的电化学性能较优,1C首次放电比容量可达到151mAh/g,经过60次循环后,放电容量保持在138mAh/g。     

掺杂磷酸钒锂材料的合成及改性研究

采用球磨喷雾辅助碳热还原法制备锂离子正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3,并通过金属离子掺杂技术对Li3V2(PO4)3进行改性.采用SEM、CV对掺杂Cr、Ti、Mg的材料(Li3V2(PO4)3(LVP-1)、Li3V1.8Cr0.2(PO4)3 (LVP-2)、Li3V1.8Ti0.2(PO4)3(LVP-3)、Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3(LVP-4))进行了形貌分析和电化学性能研究.结果表明:掺杂少量的Cr离子不影响材料的形貌,掺杂Ti、Mg离子改变了晶体材料的粒径;在充放电测试分析中,纯相材料的放电容量较高,但纯相材料的容量保持率比其他3种材料低;倍率性能测试同样表明Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3材料放电容量大且循环性能好.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li1-xVxCryFe1-yPO4／C的制备及电化学性能的研究

采用高温固相法合成了Li1-xVxCryFe1-yPO4/C(x=0.01、0.02;y=0.01、0.02)锂离子电池正极材料,通过XRD、SEM、C-V和恒电流充放实验研究了不同掺杂量对产物结构和电化学性能的影响.研究表明,少量V和Cr的掺杂未影响到LiFePO4的晶体结构,但显著改善了它的电化学性.其中,Li0.99V0.01Cr0.02Fe0.98PO4/C材料具有更好的电化学性能,0.1C倍率放电时,首次放电容量达到163.8mAh/g,且循环性能良好.另外,对合成材料的红外光谱进行了研究和指认.     

La和F复合掺杂对LiMn2O4高倍率性能的影响

采用分段高温氧化固相法合成了掺杂La3+、F-的锂离子电池正极材料LiLa x Mn2-x F x O4-x(x=0、0.01、0.02和0.05)。结果发现,在小于等于1C时,掺杂与否对其放电容量影响不大;在2~10C时,掺杂可明显改善倍率性能;在15C时,掺杂量也显示出重要影响,未掺杂的LiMn2O4的高倍率放电能力仅为4%,而掺杂x=0.02的达到56%。XRD物相、CV循环伏安和EIS电化学阻抗分析支撑了倍率性能的实验结果,当不出现第二相时,随掺杂量增加,电荷转移电阻、阳极和阴极反应极化逐渐减小,反应可逆性逐渐增大,但当x=0.05出现第二相时,电荷转移电阻、阳极和阴极反应极化又开始增大。     

La和F复合掺杂对LiMn2O4高倍率性能的影响

采 用 分 段 高 温 氧 化 固 相 法 合 成 了 掺 杂La3+ 、F-的锂离子电池正极材料LiLaxMn2-xFxO4-x(x=0、0.01、0.02、0.05)。结果发现:在8 3 3 8 A 7 3 01C时,掺杂与否对其放电容量影响不大;在28 3 3 8 A 3 3 310C时,掺杂可明显改善倍率性能;在15C时,掺杂量也显示出重要影响,未 掺 杂 的LiMn2O4的 高 倍 率 放 电 能 力 仅 为4%,而掺杂x=0.02的达到56%。XRD物相、CV循环伏安和EIS电化学阻抗分析支撑了倍率性能的实验结果,当不出现第二相时,随掺杂量增加,电荷转移电阻、阳极和阴极反应极化逐渐减小,反应可逆性逐渐增大,但当x=0.05出现第二相时,电荷转移电阻、阳极和阴极反应极化又开始增大。     

Na+掺杂对Li3V2（PO4）3/C晶体结构及性能的影响

利用一步碳热还原法制备了Li3-xNaxV2(PO4)3/C(x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.08、0.10、0.15)复合正极材料,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱和恒电流充放电技术研究了掺杂对材料结构、微观形貌、充放电性能和Li+脱出嵌入过程的影响。研究表明掺杂少量Na+不影响材料Li3V2(PO4)3的基本结构,但可在Li3V2(PO4)3中形成电子缺陷,提高晶体内部原子的无序化程度,降低极化和电荷转移电阻,从而改善材料的电化学性能。与Li3V2(PO4)3/C相比,Li2.98 Na0.02 V2(PO4)3/C在倍率为15C下的第50次放电容量提高12.1mAh/g,具有较好的倍率性能和循环性能。     

锂快离子导体Li1+2x+2yAlxMgyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12系统的研究

以LiTi2(PO4)3为基以天然高岭石为起始原料,经高温固相反应(～900℃)制得了一系列新的锂快离子导体材料Li1+2x+ 2yAlxMgyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO1 2(以下简称Ti-Mg-Lisicon).系统的合成温度随x和y值的增大而降低.应用交流阻抗技术测定的电导率数据结果表明x=0.1,y=0.1的合成物的室温电导率最好为1.01×10-4S/cm,而400℃时x=0.1,y=0.3的合成物的电导率最大,为2.53×10-2S/cm.XRD分析结果表明在x=0.1,y≤0.8;x=0.2,y≤0.6的组成范围内均能得到空间群为R3c的合成物.     

Photostriction of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystals

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials exhibit a variety of physical properties. Pronounced coupling between phonon, organic cations, and the inorganic framework suggest that these materials exhibit strong light–matter interactions. The photoinduced strain of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is investigated using high‐resolution and contactless in situ Raman spectroscopy. Under illumination, the material exhibits large blue shifts in its Raman spectra that indicate significant structural deformations (i.e., photostriction). From these shifts, the photostrictive coefficient of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is calculated as 2.08 × 10^?8 m² W^?1 at room temperature under visible light illumination. The significant photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is attributed to a combination of the photovoltaic effect and translational symmetry loss of the molecular configuration via strong translation–rotation coupling. Unlike CH₃NH₃PbI₃, it is noted that the photostriction of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is extremely stable, demonstrating no signs of optical decay for at least 30 d. These results suggest the potential of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ for applications in next‐generation optical micro‐electromechanical devices.     

Constitution of the Ni3Cr-Ni3Al-Ni3W system

Isothermal sections of the Ni-Cr-Al-W system have been investigated at 75 at % Ni and temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K, by means of phase compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction and microscopical examination. The alloys studied lay in the range 2.5 to 10 at % Cr, 12.5 to 20 at% Al, 2.5 to 6.25 at % W, The phases formed were, and the bcc solid solution based on tungsten (designated ₂). The maximum extent of the region was found to be 3 at % each of chromium and tungsten. Preferential partitioning of tungsten to occurred. Study of an Ni-10Cr-12.5Al-2.5W alloy aged at 1273 and 1073 K, after quenching from 1573 K, showed that changes in and compositions and lattice parameters occur as a function of ageing time.     

3 Cr3 Mo3 VNb 在热冲孔中的应用研究

高合金钢热冲孔冲头寿命关系到模具与产品成本、生产效率、自动化设备的使用,因此,应注重冲头的选材、材料制备与冲头制造工艺。 用 3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 作为高合金钢热冲孔冲头,为提高模具寿命,在材料制备上,优化了成分,采用电渣重熔冶炼,减少杂质,毛坯锻造两次,用大锻造比锻造,冲头热处理用真空炉,三次回火,热处理硬度取 HRC42 ~ 46 ,冲头表面处理采用镀铬工艺,开展了热冲孔工艺试验。 结果表明,用3 Cr3Mo3 VNb 可使冲孔冲头寿命平均达到 800 件以上。     

Crystal structure of Tl3AsSe3

The structure of Tl₃AsSe₃, which has been solved by the single-crystal x-ray method, is rhombohedral, with space group R3m and cell parameters $\text{a}\text{= 9.870(2)}\text{A}\text{?}\text{, c}\text{= 7.094(3)}\text{A}\text{?}\text{, z}\text{= 3}$. A full-matrix least-squares refinement gives weighted R = 0.058. The Se atoms form equilateral triangles around Tl at 3.178Å and around As at 2.207Å. The structure may be described in terms of units formed from three TlSe₃ triangles by corner-sharing. These units share corners to produce a helical arrangement along the c axis. The triangles of AsSe₃ are isolated from each other.     

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size. Up-conversion (UC) spectra were recorded under 980-nm diode laser excitation at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F-4500). Plenty of UC emissions of Tm3+ and Er3+ were observed from ultraviolet to red. For Tm3+ ions, a five-photon process (approximately 291 nm and approximately 347 nm), a four-photon process (approximately 362 nm and approximately 452 nm), and a three-photon process (approximately 475 nm) were identified in the UC spectra. The UC emissions from the Er3+ were: approximately 380 nm, approximately 408 nm, approximately 521 nm, approximately 537 nm, and approximately 652 nm. Therefore, cyan-white light can be observed by the naked eye at 980-nm excitation, even under low excitation power density. By comparing the UC spectra of the phosphors annealed at different temperatures, we found that the intensity of the UC luminescence increased as annealing temperature increased. Furthermore, the spectral dependencies on Tm3+ doped concentrations were studied. The energy transfer processes and fluorescence dynamics in the tri-doped system are currently being investigated.     

(La2/3Ca1/3)(Mn(3-x)/3)Fex/3)O3体系磁电阻行为的研究

通过系统地测量（La_2/3Ca_1/3）（Mn_{（3-x）／3}Fe_x／3）O₃（x＝0、0.1、0．2、0．3的体系样品的电阻率-温度关系以及一定温度下磁电阻率与磁场的关系,发现随x的变化其磁电阻率峰和电阻率峰均发生位移,磁电阻率峰值增大,并伴生磁电阻率峰展宽效应．作者认为由于Fe的替代,引起体系中Mn³⁺／Mn⁴⁺比率及磁矩的变化,加之外场对磁有序结构的调制作用,从而影响了Mn³⁺－O^－Mn⁴⁺的双交换作用,最终导致磁电阻行为发生变化．     

溶液法CH3NH3PbCl3单晶的生长与性能研究

分别采用蒸发结晶法和逆温结晶法生长尺寸约为4 mm×3 mm×3 mm的CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶。对两种方法生长的单晶粉体的XRD分析结果显示, 单晶具有立方晶系结构, 其晶格常数分别为0.56833、0.56891 nm。实验测量了CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶的红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱, 并对谱峰进行了指认; 使用UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计、荧光光度计对CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶的光学性能进行了测试。结果表明: CH₃NH₃PbCl₃晶体的吸收边约为423 nm, 光致发光峰为433 nm, 带隙值为2.97 eV, 与CH₃NH₃PbCl₃薄膜的光学特性相比, CH₃NH₃PbCl₃单晶更具潜在的应用前景。最后, 结合第一性原理研究了CH₃NH₃PbCl₃晶体的能带结构, 计算得出带隙值2.428 eV, 与实验值吻合较好。