PMN/CB/PF/ⅡR复合材料制备及其阻尼性能

以丁基橡胶为聚合物基体,酚醛树脂为硫化剂,通过加入压电陶瓷和导电炭黑,制得了一种高阻尼宽温域的聚合物基压电阻尼复合材料(PMN/CB/PF/ⅡR)。系统研究压电陶瓷和乙炔炭黑含量、极化、外加交变应力大小及频率、聚合物共聚基体等因素对复合材料阻尼性能的影响。研究表明:在相同的外力条件下,当外力施加频率与复合材料模量相匹配,PMN质量分数为50%,炭黑为5%时,PMN/CB/PF/ⅡR复合材料的阻尼系数峰值tanδmax达到最大0.81,阻尼温域范围为-35~60℃,复合材料的阻尼性能最好。而且,极化过的样品比未极化的样品具有更高的阻尼峰值。     

导电相对压电复合材料吸声性能的影响

为了研究新型环境声学功能材料, 在压电导电原理的基础上, 制备了以不同含量炭黑为导电相, 以聚氯乙烯为基体材料, 以锆钛酸铅为压电相的压电导电吸声复合材料。通过对复合材料体系的动态力学、电学和声学性能的测试分析, 探讨了压电导电复合材料体系中压电吸声途径的耗能机制。结果表明, 添加体积含量4 %炭黑粉的压电复合材料具有最高的吸声性能。      

0-3型PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的制备工艺条件优化

采用固相法合成了性能良好的PZN-PZT陶瓷粉体.将压电陶瓷粉体分散于PVDF基体中,制备了0-3型PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料.研究了复合材料的复合工艺、极化参数与压电陶瓷的含量对复合材料压电性能的影响.结果表明,溶液混合工艺较好,且当极化电场强度为6kV·mm-1、温度为110℃进行极化20min时,陶瓷粉体质量分数为90%的复合材料的压电性能最好,压电常数d33值达35.9 pC·N-1.     

压电陶瓷/CIIR复合材料的阻尼性能的研究

以氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)及其互穿网络为基体,加入压电陶瓷PMN和导电炭黑CB制备PMN/CB/CIIR复合材料,系统研究其的阻尼性能的影响因素以及机理,以获得高介电常数和高阻尼性能的压电陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料,拓展其在介电材料和阻尼材料领域的应用。     

锆钛酸铅/聚苯胺/聚氨酯三元阻尼复合材料

为减少压电陶瓷/导电填料/聚合物阻尼复合材料中填料的含量,制备了锆钛酸铅(PZT)/聚苯胺/聚氨酯三元复合材料,其中,聚苯胺(PANI)通过原位聚合的方法包覆于压电陶瓷粒子的表面.采用FTIR,TGA,SEM、EDS研究了PANI包覆PZT的组成和形态.用DMA评价了复合材料的阻尼性能.结果表明,通过原位聚合的方法能够制备PANI包覆的PZT粉末;三元复合材料的阻尼性能与PANI的导电率有关,在一定的PANI导电率时达到最大,并且在任意导电率下均高于单一聚氨酯.用PANI包覆的压电陶瓷与聚合物复合,能够提高聚合物的阻尼性能.通过调整PANI的导电率,可以使材料的阻尼性能达到相应振动频率下的最大值.     

炭黑填充聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用炭黑(CB)为导电组分填充聚丙烯制备复合型导电高分子材料。在分散剂作用下,炭黑可较好地分散在聚丙烯中,赋予材料导电性能,导电阚值为8％(质量)左右。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对该复合材料的热性能进行了分析。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了炭黑在复合材料中的分散形态,表明炭黑以葡萄状聚集体的形态存在是复合材料具有低导电阉值和良好导电性能的重要原因。     

PVDF/PZT/CB高分子复合材料的介电耗能机制

应用压电导电原理,研制了一种新型减振复合材料,通过对PVDF／PZT／CB复合体系的导电性能和动态介电性能的测试分析,探讨了该复合材料的介电耗能微观机制,认为该复合材料可通过界面极化和漏电电流两种介电耗能机制来达到减振目的。     

无机填料对PVC/CPE/CB复合材料导电性能的影响

研究了具有不同粒子形态的无机填料(球形的纳米二氧化硅、片状的滑石粉和纤维状的玻璃纤维),以及不同粒径的碳酸钙(纳米碳酸钙、超细碳酸钙)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/氯化聚乙烯(CPE)/导电炭黑(CB)复合材料导电性能的影响。电性能测试和扫描电镜形态结构分析结果表明,添加纤维状填料比球形和片状填料更有利于复合材料导电性能的保持;粒径较小的纳米碳酸钙对复合材料的导电性能影响较小。当炭黑含量为12phr时,添加15phr纳米碳酸钙后复合材料的电阻率仅为6.04×106Ω.cm。     

0-3型橡胶基压电阻尼复合材料的制备及其性能

本文以通用橡胶为基体材料,以一定体积分数的锆钛酸铅粉体（PZT）为压电相、导电炭黑为导电相制备了0-3型压电阻尼复合材料。经过直流高温油浴极化处理后,获得了在低频下具有较高损耗因子的压电阻尼材料,并研究了其断面形貌、压电应变系数、损耗因子等各项性能。     

抗菌抗静电型PP/CB复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融共混制备抗菌及抗静电型PP/CB复合材料,研究了抗菌剂(美灵康乐)、抗静电剂(导电炭黑)对PP/CB复合材料的抗菌性能、电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,质量分数为0.8%抗菌剂在PP基体中分散均匀,力学性能基体不受影响,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌等的抗菌率都在80%以上,表现出良好的抗菌性能。少量导电炭黑对PP/CB复合材料的力学性能具有一定的补强作用。当导电炭黑的质量含量为30%时,PP/CB复合材料的表面电阻降低至108Ω以下,达到了抗静电材料的要求。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...