The glass necklace [FLAG submarine fibre-optic link]

The longest ever man-made structure is being assembled in the world's most ambitious undersea lightwave communications system. When completed in 1997, the system will link Great Britain and Japan by a complex undersea optical-fiber cable that will span 27,300 km-more than two-thirds of the Earth's circumference. Called the fiber-optic link around the globe (FLAG), it will snake in eight sections through the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and the Red Seas, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. The authors describe how the backbone of FLAG is third-generation transoceanic optical-fiber cable technology     

海底光缆网络远程供电技术研究

传统的有中继的海底光缆传输系统由端站的远程供电设备（PFE）对中继器等有源设备进行供电,而海底光缆网络的远程供电系统更加复杂,为此在介绍了传统海底光缆传输系统的远程供电系统的基本原理后,重点对海底光缆网络的两种远程供电方式——串联和并联供电方式做了分析,分别对其供电效率进行了计算,并做了比较。     

Applying WDM technology to undersea cable networks

WDM technology is now being applied to international undersea fiber optic cable networks in order to provide enhancements such as increased network capacity and greater network flexibility. This article looks at what WDM technology can provide, the progress being made, and the special challenges in its application in undersea networks. We then describe several international undersea networks that, when completed by the end of 1999, will use WDM technology and will serve as a major part of the global undersea fiber optic infrastructure connecting the world     

Undersea fiber optic cable communications system of the future: Operational, reliability, and systems considerations

The systems and operational requirements, reliability, and cost estimates for several undersea fiber optic cable communications systems of varying capacities, data transmission rates, and link distances are analyzed in detail to highlight relevant design tradeoff parameters. It is shown that systems with a high data rate per fiber are more economical and reliable than low data rate systems with multiple fibers. This study concludes that undersea optic cable systems can soon provide reliable broad-band digital services.     

室内光缆的探讨

随着光纤光缆的大量使用,光缆进入建筑物内将不可避免,于是室内光缆应运而生并被迅速普及,成为光缆领域未来研究发展的热点,其市场前景非常广阔。室内光缆要求结构简单、价格便宜、易于分线和连接、阻燃等,因此有必要对室内光缆的诸多方面,包括结构、材料、标准和检测方法等进行研究。对室内光缆进行了简要的介绍,对室内光缆的各种典型结构及应用进行讨论,并对室内光缆的生产设备、标准和检测方法作了简单分析。     

Undersea fiber cable technology

Compared with the conventional coaxial undersea cable systems, an optical fiber undersea cable system has a great technical and economical advantage. It is also suitable for digital transmission. In this paper, the optical fiber undersea cable technology (including optical fiber cables and repeaters), which is now in the research and development stage in several countries, is reviewed.     

光缆应急快速抢修盒的设计及应用

光缆中出现一根或数根光纤发生纤芯断裂、损耗增大等故障时,采用传统方法修复须将故障光缆在故障点切断,这种作业方法工作量大,接续时间长,将正常光纤截断,人为地增加了光纤系统的阻断时间和正常光纤的损耗,造成"非故障阻断".光缆应急快速抢修盒可以快速、准确地对故障光纤实施抢通,并最大限度地不影响正常光纤通信,可有效提高光纤系统的可通率.     

Optical undersea cable systems trends

This paper reviews the evolution of undersea cable technology from the telegraph cables of the mid-nineteenth century to the optical undersea cables of today. Future systems will use optical fiber amplifiers which offer significant technical and economic advantages. Consequently, emphasis is placed on problems associated with the accumulation of small, second-order effects in long lengths of optical fiber and, specifically, their impact on the 5-Gb/s optically amplified transoceanic undersea systems scheduled to be deployed in 1995. Technology options for achieving further capacity increases, among them the use of optical solitons, and trends toward networked undersea cable systems with automatic restoration features are described     

光纤接续质量的控制

介绍了光缆施工维护中的技术标准与要求,以及如何提高光纤和光缆的接续质量及接续中应注意的问题,对正确、规范和高质量的光缆接续,延长光缆的使用寿命,减少光缆故障,确保通信畅通,将起到重要作用.     

Standardization Efforts in Fiber Optics

Experience with copper-based local area networks combined with the inherent characteristics of fiber optics is providing increased impetus for the development of fiber optic network standards. The installed base of networks that use copper wire, twisted shielded pair, and coaxial cable indicates that there will be many applications where networks will use a mix of both copper and fiber optic media. Successful standardization efforts must take this into account. There is indeed a great deal of standardization effort underway that involves fiber optic networking. Within the SAE AE9 Committee there are four standardization efforts to support the military. The IEEE (under project 802) has published four draft standards for copper-based networks and the 802.8 Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group is studying integration of optical fibers into each of these networks. Other IEEE efforts include discussion and study of "all-fiber" networks. CBEMA is working on a token-passing ring network, and the Instrument Society of America is pursuing a mixed copper/fiber optic network implementation. Generally, requirements for fibers, sources, detectors, connectors, switches, branching devices, and other system elements are being established. This paper discusses some of the standardization efforts that are underway.     

Repeaterless undersea lightwave systems

A repeaterless undersea lightwave system connects two terrestrial locations separated by the sea without the need for undersea regeneration of the optical signal. To achieve the longest span length possible, the system combines terrestrial terminals containing superior-performance optoelectronic devices with ultrareliable undersea cable technology. The lightwave technology used to achieve cost-effective, long-span repeaterless undersea lightwave systems is discussed. This includes undersea fiber and cable, lasers and receivers, and terminal equipment. The first application of this technology, Taiwan's Tainan to Peng-Hu system, is described. The possibilities for increasing the maximum attainable span length of high-capacity repeaterless undersea systems are examined. Key elements are higher-output transmitters, more sensitive receivers, and improved optical fibers     

Army Fiber Optic Program: An Update

Modernization of Army tactical communication systems has placed emphasis on meeting new digital data handling requirements. An all digital transmission facility will require new radio systems and substantially improved cable systems which can overcome present length-bandwidth limitations. These new digital systems must have, in addition, superior reliability, freedom from electromagnetic countermeasures, and be highly mobile. These requirements are driving the development of new distributed multiplexed radio systems and an intensive investigation into the utilization of fiber optic cable systems. Fiber optic cables have the required capabilities of: EMI, RFI, and crosstalk immunity, substantially reduced deployment weight and volume, and freedom from electromagnetic pulse effects. Recent developments in fiber technology have significantly reduced the risk associated with the use of fiber cable in a tactical field Army installation. However, there are some problems that need to be resolved before fiber optic systems can be fielded. This paper will discuss Army application areas, components and system development efforts directed toward fielding tactical fiber optic systems.     

综合布线系统测试的探讨

介绍了综合布线系统工程中的应用标准,光缆、铜缆的测试及工程验收中的一些关键问题。     

论军用光缆与民用光缆的区别

目前光缆广泛应用于各个领域，军事上也大量使用，但军用光缆与民用光缆在各方面的要求上都有着较大的区别。通过比较光缆产品的国家军用标准与国家标准的区别，全面分析军用光缆和民用光缆的区别，旨在为设计、生产及使用各方提供一点参考。     

Africa ONE: the Africa Optical Network

Describes the architecture of the Africa Optical Network (Africa ONE) that will encircle the entire continent of Africa with an undersea fiber optic ring network. Using a combination of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) multiplex and cross-connect equipment, Africa ONE brings together a unique blend of technology to achieve network robustness. The article traces the need for this regional network and how it fits into the global undersea communications network. Also the authors describe the network elements that make up the transmission topology, the methodology used for interconnecting each African country to this network, protection and restoration of the network, and the network management system. Africa-ONE is a 40,000 km trunk and branch network that is planned to be ready for service in 1999. The present article presents the architecture of the undersea portion of the Africa-ONE project     

Recent progress in amplified undersea systems

The advent of the optical amplifiers has removed the loss limitation of the fiber in the conventional undersea systems using 3R (retiming, reshaping, regenerating) repeaters, and it has introduced new design criteria for the undersea lightwave systems. The accumulation of the small impairment factors that was negligible in the conventional system becomes significant to determine the transmission performances of the amplified system. The fiber nonlinearity is a distinctive limitation factor that dominates the transmission performance of the amplified system, although it was not a limitation factor in the conventional system. This paper describes the recent progress of the undersea lightwave cable systems employing optical amplifier repeaters. The limitation factors and the polarization dependent characteristics of the amplified system are described. The system demonstrations with conventional IM-DD technology are presented using both recirculating loop and straight fiber transmission line. The system maintenance method is also explained briefly. Future technologies adopting the WDM or the optical solitons are also discussed     

智能化海底光缆监测系统的研究与设计

建立完善的海底光缆监测系统对于快速查找故障点,提高海底光缆通信能力至关重要。基于对陆上光缆监测技术的详细研究,提出了一种针对海底光缆的智能化监测系统。介绍了该系统的架构设计、监测方式和功能设计,并对该系统进行了告警测试和路由基准曲线测试,测试结果表明该系统符合工程要求。希望该系统对于今后海底光缆监测具有一定的实用价值和参考意义。     

光缆接头盒浸水监测传感器的设计及应用

针对当前光缆运营、维护中出现的接头盒浸水不能实时监测的难点问题,在简述接头盒浸水成因,论述其危害的基础上,结合实际运用,提出了利用膨胀阻水带,设计制作光缆接头盒浸水监测传感器,以有效地对光缆接头浸水受潮进行实时监测.     

Physical Design of the SL Repeater

SL undersea fiber-optic cable allows for the installation of multiple pairs of fibers in the same cable. Using the same high-pressure repeater housing as used in previous undersea systems (and thereby accruing the benefits of no tooling costs and proven handling methods), we are able to mount six optical regenerators. This group of regenerators will dissipate approximately 30 W in service. Previous undersea repeaters dissipated approximately 8 W and achieved a maximum internal temperature of 5° C above the repeater ambient. That might imply a temperature of 20° C above ambient for the SL repeater, which would be intolerably high for reliable undersea performance and longevity. The main thrust of the SL design was to lower this temperature rise. We have achieved a design which is capable of dissipating 30 W with only 4°C temperature rise. This paper describes the design steps necessary to achieve this result and examines the overall repeater structure showing its special design features for accommodating fiber sealing and jointing.     

光纤通信在高校安全防范系统中的应用

概述了光纤通信在高校安全防范系统中的应用.对高校技术防范系统的特点,光缆的选择,光缆路由的设计,以及光纤通信的实施方案等进行了阐述.对构筑同等规模的安全防范系统具有一定的参考作用.