低压铸造在工程机械泵轮铸件上的应用

介绍了低压铸造工艺的生产流程、工艺设计要点,结合装载机变矩器铸铝件泵轮热节分布分散的结构特点,论述泵轮的低压铸造工艺的设计要点和关键的工艺过程参数温度场、充型速度、充型压力3个方面的控制技术。     

离心力场下铸造充型行为数值模拟

建立了离心力场下铸造充型流动的数学模型,采用VC++语言自行编制了离心力场铸造充型及凝固传热的计算机模拟软件。通过模拟旋转圆柱容器中的液体从重力静止水平自由表面状态过渡到离心抛物面自由表面的动态变化过程,并与理论解析曲线对比,以及钛合金薄壁件离心浇注充型状态与试验结果的对比,检验了所建立的理论模型及计算程序的正确性。通过对钛合金薄壁铸件在重力场与离心力场浇注工艺条件下合金熔体充型行为数值模拟结果的对比表明,在一定转速条件下,金属液的离心浇注比重力浇注具有强得多的薄壁充型能力。     

高碳高合金耐酸泵泵体铸造工艺仿真

论文应用铸造有限元技术对高碳高合金耐酸泵泵体进行工艺仿真,使产品铸造工艺趋于合理,获得较好的应用效果。     

负压实型铸造铸铁件充型过程的研究

从试验的角度出发,设计和探讨适合于研究负压实型铸造高熔点铸铁合金充型过程的研究方法.根据负压实型铸造的工艺方法,分别设计了电阻模拟法、激冷法和电极触点法.结果显示,电极触点法是一种研究负压实型铸造铸铁件充型过程的较好方法.     

泵盖铸造工艺数值模拟

正泵盖是泵中主要的零部件,材质为TA2,生产中由于铸造成形工艺不合理,导致泵盖中常出现气孔、缩孔等缺陷,从而影响了泵的使用性能。利用CAE软件,对所设计的泵盖改变壁厚和浇注系统的大小进行充型、凝固顺序和温度场分布的数值模拟,评估了各种方案的优缺点,以获得适合泵盖的较佳铸造工艺方案。     

铸造AlSi7MgLa铝合金的金相组织和力学性能研究

在铸造铝合金中,添加稀土元素镧可以起到明显的效果。通过Al-9.38%La稀土铝中间合金向铝合金熔体加入稀土元素镧,制得了铸造AlSi7MgLa铝合金。用金相显微镜和电子万能材料试验机研究了铸造AlSi7MgLa铝合金的金相组织和力学性能,结果表明,稀土元素镧能改变共晶硅的形貌,当稀土元素镧的加入量为0.31%时,共晶硅形成细小的颗粒状,合金的强度较高,为116 MPa。当稀土元素镧加入量为0.87%时,有比共晶硅粗大的稀土元素镧相析出,降低了合金的力学性能,合金的强度进一步下降到52 MPa。     

大型铝合金汽车底盘一体化砂型铸造技术

针对大型铝合金汽车底盘铸件的结构特点，分析铸造工艺难点及要点，提出大型铝合金汽车底盘一体化砂型铸造技术，并进行合金熔体净化、合金晶粒组织细化、薄壁件完整充型、尺寸精度控制等方面的研究。研究结果表明，通过合金熔体净化、合金晶粒组织细化，可以获得本体各向同性、力学性能优异的大型铝合金汽车底盘铸件。通过一体化砂型铸造技术，获得充型完整、内部质量优良的大型铝合金汽车底盘铸件，达到设计要求。     

充型压力对石膏型反重力铸造ZM5镁合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

将石膏型熔模铸造和反重力铸造工艺相结合,在不同充型压力下制备ZM5镁合金,研究了充型压力对镁合金石膏型薄壁件成形能力及合金铸态组织和拉伸性能的影响,得到了最佳的铸造工艺参数。结果表明:随着充型压力增大,铸态镁合金的组织明显细化;当充型压力为40kPa时,铸件的成形能力最好,镁合金的拉伸性能最佳,抗拉强度为(192±5)MPa,伸长率为(1.5±0.2)%;330~350℃的铸型预热温度、730~750℃的浇注温度、35~40kPa的充型压力能够满足镁合金薄壁件浇注的需要。     

能量密度对激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金缺陷及力学性能的影响

分析了能量密度对激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金致密度的影响规律,并采用微纳CT检测结合EDS能谱分析的方法,统计了试样内部缺陷的类型和尺寸,分析了缺陷在试样三维层面上的分布规律及产生原因,得出了影响激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金致密度和内部缺陷的主要因素。结果表明,合适的激光能量输入是获得高致密度的关键,当激光能量密度处于47.62～50.00 J/mm3区间时,试样致密度最高,此时试样中夹杂缺陷消失,孔洞缺陷最大尺寸降至0.056 mm。孔洞缺陷产生原因主要与未熔粉体、空心粉及氧化物有关。在优选激光能量密度区间内成形的AlSi10Mg合金试样,其平均抗拉强度和伸长率分别在294 MPa和8.0%以上,优于铸造AlSi10Mg合金。     

基于计算机数值模拟的某乘用车油泵壳铸造工艺的研究

本文对某泵壳的铸造工艺开发过程进行了阐述,并设计了不同的铸造方案,采用计算机数值模拟软件对铸造过程中的充型、凝固过程进行仿真模拟。利用模拟结果,可准确而快速的识别铸件的热节、模数、温度场变化、气流场变化、基体组织、缩松倾向等系列参数,能够显著缩短工艺开发周期,降低前期试制投入。     

高锰钢小方坯连铸工艺开发

根据80Mn14高锰钢的热裂敏感性、热塑性、高温机械性能以及自身连铸机特点,通过采用低浇铸过热度、电磁搅拌技术、合适的二冷弱冷制度以及矫直制度等连铸工艺,实现以小方坯连铸的方式生产出合格的80Mn14高锰钢铸坯,并完全满足轧制以及使用要求。     

A new shell casting process based on expendable pattern with vacuum and low-pressure casting for aluminum and magnesium alloys

A new shell casting process, with the adoption of the foam pattern of lost foam casting (LFC) as prototype and the combination of the thin shell fabrication technology of investment casting and vacuum and low-pressure casting process, was proposed for manufacturing complicated and thin-walled aluminum and magnesium alloy precision castings. Loose-sand uniting vacuum was used in the new process to further reinforce the thin shell, and the new process proves to be a process with simple process, low cost, and high thin shell strength. Because the molten metal filling and solidification are completed under air pressure and vacuum level, the filling capability and feeding capacity of the molten metal are greatly improved, and the castings become denser. This paper mainly investigated the fabrication technology of thin shell based on foam pattern prototype, the removing foam and roasting shell process and vacuum and low-pressure casting process. The few-layer compound thin shell of silica sol–sodium silicate was adopted for the new process. Removing foam pattern was carried out at 250°C for 30 min, and the shell was roasted at 800°C for 1 h. Combined with the vacuum and low-pressure casting process, this new shell casting process has successfully produced thin wall and complex aluminum and magnesium alloy parts with high quality. In addition, comparisons in terms of filling ability, microstructure, mechanical properties, porosity, and surface roughness among this new shell casting, gravity casting, and LFC were also made to show the characterization of this new shell casting process.     

Forging process of medium-pressure-type rheology materials fabricated with electromagnetic stirrer

This paper describes a rheo-forming process for the development of automobile suspension parts by using rheology material with electromagnetic stirring equipment. Generally, the liquid forging process takes place under high pressure of 1,000 bar. The productivity of the liquid forging is higher than that of the lower pressure die-casting. In order to improve mechanical properties, the rheology forging process by using medium pressure (<500 bar) with electromagnetic stirring equipment has been proposed for fabrication of rheology material with controlled solid fraction. From the analysis of filling and solidification, the die design of medium vertical forging process by electromagnetic stirrer equipment has been proposed for the development of an arm part. The microstructure and mechanical properties of suspension parts were investigated with and without heat treatment. Based on the microstructure, observation revealed the arm part with fine and spherodized α-Al phase particles. As a result, the uniform eutectic structure enhanced the mechanical properties of the suspension part.     

Influence of gas flowrate on filling ability and internal quality of A356 aluminum alloy castings fabricated using the expendable pattern shell casting with vacuum and low pressure

In this study, a new casing process named expendable pattern shell casting process with vacuum and low pressure (EPSC-VL) was introduced to produce complicated and thin-walled aluminum alloy castings. The gas flowrate is one of the most important process parameters for manufacturing castings during the EPSC-VL process. In the present work, the influence of gas flowrate on the filling ability and internal quality of A356 aluminum alloy castings fabricated by the EPSC-VL process were investigated. Moreover, the filling ability, internal quality, as well as mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy castings obtained by EPSC-VL and lost foam casting (LFC) processes were also compared. The results obtained suggested that the filling length increased with the increase of gas flowrate, and the filling length of the thick section was larger than that of the thin section under the same gas flowrate when the gas flowrate was less than 19 m³/h. Furthermore, the porosity of castings decreased with increasing gas flowrate, and the microstructure of castings became denser, and the internal quality of castings was obviously improved. The comparison experiments showed that the EPSC-VL process had superior filling ability, internal quality, and mechanical properties compared with the LFC process, and the surface quality of castings obtained by EPSC-VL process was also better than that of the LFC process. The casting practice of complicated and thin-walled A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold part also suggested that the EPSC-VL process had an obvious advantage for the fabrication of complicated and thin-walled aluminum alloy castings compared with the LFC process.     

锆对电磁铸造7050铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用电磁铸造技术制备了加入锆元素的高强度7050铝合金;采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析其显微组织,并进行了硬度和拉伸试验,研究了锆对铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:适量金属锆的加入可以细化铝合金的显微组织,提高铝合金的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率;当锆质量分数控制在0.1%时,可以使铝合金获得最优的性能,抗拉强度为331.6 MPa,伸长率为12.1%,硬度为87.8 HBS。     

Novel technologies for the lost foam casting process

Lost foam casting (LFC) is a green precision casting process categorized as a near net forming technology. Yet, despite its popularity, it still suffers from some technological problems, such as poor filling ability of the castings, coarse and non-dense microstructure, low mechanical properties for the Al and Mg LFC processes, and defective carburization for the low carbon steel LFC process. These drawbacks restrict the development and widespread application of the LFC process. To solve these problems, the present study developed several novel LFC technologies, namely, LFC technologies under vacuum and low pressure, vibration solidification, and pressure solidification conditions; expendable shell casting technology; and preparation technology of bimetallic castings based on the LFC process. The results showed that the LFC under vacuum and low pressure evidently improved the filling ability and solved the oxidization problem of the alloys, which is suitable for producing complex and thinwall castings. The vibration and pressure solidifications increased the compactness of the castings and refined the microstructure, significantly improving the mechanical properties of the castings. The expendable shell casting technology could solve the pore, carburization, and inclusion defects of the traditional LFC method, obtaining castings with acceptable surface quality. Moreover, the Al/Mg and Al/Al bimetallic castings with acceptable metallurgical bonding were successfully fabricated using the LFC process. These proposed novel LFC technologies can solve the current technological issues and promote the technological progress of the LFC process.     

A study on reheating characteristics for thixo die casting process with electromagnetic stirring and extruded aluminum alloys and their mechanical properties

In this paper, the reheating process and mechanical properties of thixo die cast A356 alloy, using electromagnetic stirring (EMS) and extrusion before thixo die casting, were discussed. The EMS is used mainly to manufacture raw materials with a globular microstructure. If relevant reheating is carried out, products with excellent mechanical properties can be manufactured by EMS. Contrarily, extruded material has a fine dendrite microstructure and has rarely been assumed to be suitable for the thixo die casting process. This study demonstrated that the microstructure of extruded material could be globularized and applied to the thixo die casting process only with the relevant reheating parameters. This applicability was estimated through image analysis obtaining the solid fraction, the mean equivalent diameter, and roundness under various reheating conditions. After thixo die casting experiments using three materials, which were EMS, low-extrusion material (LER), and high-extrusion ratio materials (HER), mechanical properties were comparatively analyzed. EMS and HER materials show better mechanical properties than LER.     

镁合金板带双辊连续铸轧试验研究

在镁合金水平双辊连续铸轧试验过程中,分别施加电磁场、超声波和超声电磁组合场,旨在改善AZ31B镁合金板带的综合力学性能。采用Leica DMI 5000 M金相显微镜、CSS-44100电子试验机和HV-1000硬度试验机等设备检测和分析电磁场、超声波或超声波电磁组合能场处理对AZ31B镁合金板带的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,常规、电磁场、超声波及超声电磁组合能场铸轧镁板带晶粒平均尺寸(直径)分别为120μm、25μm、27μm及15μm左右;电磁场处理使铸轧镁板带的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度值比常规铸轧镁板带的分别提高15.7%、24.8%、22.7%和66.6%,超声波处理的分别提高13.8%、26.2%、11.4%和13.4%,超声电磁组合场处理的则分别提高17.1%,27.8%、31.8%和73.8%。这表明在镁合金铸轧过程中施加电磁场、超声波或超声电磁组合场均有利于细化晶粒,改善第二相在枝晶间的分布,提高力学性能,而超声电磁组合场的效果则更显著。同时分析和讨论超声空化效应及电磁效应对镁合金组织细化的作用机制。     

感应电磁泵式铝合金定量浇注技术研究

电磁泵定量浇注是一种先进的定量浇注技术,国内外学者主要致力于应用直流电磁泵的研究,基于交流电磁泵的定量浇注研究鲜见报道。研究开发了一套基于三相交流感应电磁泵的铝合金定量浇注系统,控制系统采用"触摸屏—PLC—变频器"的硬件构架。通过研究保温炉液面高度、铝液温度和电磁泵工作电压对其定量精度的影响,提出可行的定量浇注控制方案。实验结果表明,该套系统安全可靠,定量精度高,具有很好的推广价值。     

新型高效脱硫泵的研制

基于固液两相流泵设计方法,采用叶片进口超长延伸及叶片极大扭曲的方法来设计叶轮,压水室设计为螺旋形双流道;结构上创新地设计了压水室耐磨板间隙自动补偿装置和叶轮轴向位移调节装置,机械密封采用集装式结构,轴承箱设计为可放气式结构,进而设计了一种新型高效的脱硫泵。采用自行研制的M26-23V合金钢,用熔模铸造工艺进行加工,并对脱硫泵的性能进行了检测。结果表明,泵的各项指标都满足设计要求,泵的额定点效率达到85.28%,该泵设计合理,效率高,性能曲线平坦,高效率区宽,有无过载特性,且耐磨性能好,使用寿命比同类产品提高了25%以上。该泵的研制成功,对于促进我国脱硫泵的国产化、电力行业的节能减排以及行业的经济效益和社会效益的提高具有重要的现实意义。