某住宅小区中央液态冷热源环境系统采暖方案

结合我国能源结构现状,从环保、节能、经济、安全等方面阐述了太原市某住宅小区利用太原市北中部污水处理厂中水作为供暖热源,采用中央液态冷热源环境系统进行采暖的初步方案,并进行技术论证及经济分析,探讨了该系统的可行性和发展前景。     

炕-地组合供暖末端室内热环境及其热均匀性评价实验研究

为满足西北村镇居民冬季室内分时分区热需求,提出了一种炕-地组合供暖末端形式,对组合末端4种运行模式下的室内热环境营造效果进行了对比实验研究.掌握了组合末端不同运行模式下室内热环境昼夜变化特征,对比分析了温度空间不均匀性和辐射不均匀性.结果 表明:组合末端单独运行时均无法同时满足昼夜室内舒适温度要求,且温度空间均匀性和辐...     

典型城市居住建筑室内设置温度对供暖供冷能耗的影响

随着社会经济和城镇化进程的推进,人们对室内热环境的改善需求日益提升。室内设置温度对供暖供冷能耗有很大影响,通过选取中国不同气候区的典型城市,运用DeST-h能耗模拟软件,模拟分析了不同使用模式下,不同室内设置温度对建筑供暖供冷能耗的影响。结果表明,通过运行模式的调整,可以带来40%~60%的供暖供冷需求下降;通过适宜的室内温度设置,可以有效的延长非供暖供冷的时间,每降低要求1℃,可以降低能耗7%左右。     

Adaptive optimal control model for building cooling and heating sources

An adaptive optimal control model for building cooling and heating sources is presented with the aim of achieving global optimization and satisfying the requirements of time and accuracy in HVAC system control. The adaptive optimal control model includes the optimal control model, parameter identification and optimization algorithm. First, the penalty function is constructed to transform constrained optimization problem into unconstrained optimization problem, and then, the fuzzy self-tuning forgetting factor method is developed for parameter identification. In the end, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimum values for the discrete and continuous variables. Optimization is applied for the building cooling source system in a publishing house located in Changsha, China. The optimization is expected to reduce the energy consumption of the cooling source system by 7%.     

住宅供暖分户控制室内热环境分析

以西安地区某分户热计量散热器供暖的居住建筑为研究对象,对3层相邻房间在五种工况下的室内流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,对室内供暖状况和热环境作了分析.     

西安某小区供热系统间歇运行供暖房间热环境分析

对西安市某小区集中供热系统间歇调节运行的室内热环境进行了动态实测分析,得出供水温度的变化规律及供暖房间热舒适的现况.指出只要适当调整供热时间就能明显地改善热舒适条件.     

室内供暖系统流态的探讨

针对室内供暖系统的几种主要管径计算得出了不同流态的临界速度,给出了适用于室内供暖系统的摩擦阻力计算图,讨论了管道特性方程Δp=SG2对室内供暖系统的适用性问题。     

Thermal Barrier as a technique of indirect heating and cooling for residential buildings

The paper presents a concept of an indirect heating and cooling technique of residential buildings driven by solar thermal radiation called Thermal Barrier (TB), which is composed of polypropylene U-pipes located inside of external walls. Fluid flows inside a U-pipes system with a variable mass flow rate and variable supply temperature. This creates a semi-surface parallel to wall surfaces and a spatially averaged temperature almost constant and close to the reference temperature of 17 °C all year round. The TB technique is used to stabilize and reduce heat flux normal to the wall surface and to maintain its direction from internal air out to ambient air during the entire year. The main intention of this paper is to investigate the thermal performance and stability of Thermal Barrier. A 3D FE model of a prefabricated external wall component containing a TB U-pipe system with flowing fluid is developed using the FE code of ABAQUS. The FE analysis is supported by a novel SVC control system implemented in FORTRAN to simulate real-working conditions. The advantages of the TB heating/cooling technique are outlined.     

Improvement of thermal environment and reduction of energy consumption for cooling and heating by retrofitting windows

Various techniques for creating a comfortable thermal environment and saving energy have been proposed and employed in residential buildings in many countries, including Japan. For these techniques to be introduced, existing houses should be renovated. Among the techniques available, installation of additional inner windows is effective in creating a comfortable and energy-efficient living environment. In the present research, the effect of additional inner windows on the thermal environment and energy saving was investigated by measuring indoor windows on the thermal environment and energy saving was investigated by measuring indoor concrete building. Air temperatures, the humidity, the global solar radiation on horizontal and vertical surfaces, radiant temperatures, and the electricity consumption of air-conditioners were measured. A comparison of these values before and after the installation of inner windows showed that the thermal environment and energy saving had improved. Results obtained from a thermal model agreed well with measured results by changing the value of solar transmittance and heat transmission coefficient of the glazing following renovation. Furthermore, in a questionnaire survey conducted in summer, more than half of the occupants answered ‘‘comfortable’’ to a question on the overall thermal comfort.     

The cooling and heating potential of an earth tube system in buildings

A new module was developed for and implemented in the EnergyPlus program for the simulation of earth tubes. The model was validated against and showed good agreement with both theoretical and experimental data. Using the new module, a parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of pipe radius, pipe length, air flow rate and pipe depth on the overall performance of the earth tube under various conditions during cooling season. Pipe length and pipe depth turned out to affect the overall cooling rate of the earth tube, while pipe radius and air flow rate mainly affect earth tube inlet temperature. The cooling and heating potential of earth tubes in four different locations were also investigated. Whether or not an earth tube is beneficial turned out to be heavily dependent on the climate of the location.     

利用温频法对空调冷热源进行经济分析及选择

以天津某五星级酒店为例,采用温频法(BIN法)和费用年值法,比较土壤源热泵对传统型电制冷、集中供热组合和吸收式直燃机3种空调系统冷热源进行经济性分析。结果表明,虽然地源热泵初期投资最大,但是年运行费用在3种方案中最低,具有很好的经济性。     

热电冷联产系统的节能

根据动力装置，热电冷联产可分为外燃烧式（蒸汽动力装置）和内燃烧式（燃气动力装置）。分析了外燃烧式热电冷联产系统节能条件，计算表明内燃烧式系统具有节能优势和潜力。     

热电(冷)联产系统优化配置研究

针对热电(冷)联产系统的合理配置问题,综合考虑负荷波动、设备性能特性和系统的能流平衡,提出了一种优化设计方法,建立了非线性规划数学模型。通过上海地区一拟建项目验证了该方法和模型的适用性。     

热舒适评价指标及冬季室内计算温度探讨

以Fanger热舒适方程及PMWV，PPD评价指标为理论依据，模拟计算了严寒地区居室热环境，结果表明，满足人体热舒适的室内空气温度为21－24℃，明显高于现行暖通规范规定的冬季居室内计算温度16－20℃。认为应研究适于我国严寒地区居民的热舒适标准。     

冷热电三联供系统研究(3):经济分析

介绍了燃气冷热电三联供系统的主要经济指标的定义和计算方法,通过工程实例给出了一个典型区域燃气冷热电三联供系统的具体经济参数,分析了主要不确定因素的影响;指出了国内燃气CCHP系统经济分析中存在的主要问题.     

连续供暖系统动态热平衡的分析与控制

对连续供暖系统不具备自动化管理的情况，经理论计算并参考本地区实测数据，提出了适用于供暖实际工况的系统动态热平衡的控制和管理办法。     

Passive environment control system of Kerala vernacular residential architecture for a comfortable indoor environment: A qualitative and quantitative analyses

The modern day practice does not give due respect to passive and natural environment control measures in buildings. With modern materials and technology, the buildings of present architectural style results in high energy consumption, in an attempt to provide thermal comfort indoors. The vernacular architecture at any place on the other hand has evolved through ages by consistent and continuous effort for more efficient and perfect solutions. The authors have conducted a qualitative analysis of the passive environment control system of vernacular residential architecture of Kerala that is known for ages for its use of natural and passive methods for a comfortable indoor environment. The orientation of building, internal arrangement of spaces, the presence of internal courtyard, use of locally available materials and special methods of construction, etc. have together created the indoor environment. A quantitative analysis was also carried out based on field experiments by recording thermal comfort parameters in a selected building. The study has provided positive results confirming that the passive environment control system employed in Kerala vernacular architecture is highly effective in providing thermal comfort indoors in all seasons.     

中高温热泵辅助太阳能三联供系统的实验研究

本文建立了利用中高温热泵作为辅助方式的太阳能三联供实验系统,开发了基于触摸屏操作的系统数据采集及运行监控系统(SCADA),并进行了采暖性能实验。结果表明,在12月份每天10:00￣14:00范围内,太阳能可以单独进行采暖,其它时间需要辅助,高温水箱在正常运行时温度一般都维持在45℃左右,12月份实验系统的太阳能保证率为64.6%。在3月份太阳能一天的蓄热量可以达到83.5kWh,热泵工作的性能系数为4.21。     

室内设计温度对夏热冬冷地区新风冷热耗量的影响

针对夏热冬冷地区住宅热环境特点，提出了节能住宅空调期、除湿期和供暖期的确定方法，分别建立了其新风冷热耗量的计算程序。计算了该地区主要城市的新风冷热耗量，重点分析了不同设定温度对新风耗冷量的影响，揭示了降低新风耗冷量的途径。     

Enhancement of natural ventilation in buildings using a thermal chimney

A new module was developed for and implemented in the EnergyPlus program for the simulation and determination of the energy impact of thermal chimneys. This paper describes the basic concepts, assumptions, and algorithms implemented into the EnergyPlus program to predict the performance of a thermal chimney. Using the new module, the effects of the chimney height, solar absorptance of the absorber wall, solar transmittance of the glass cover and the air gap width are investigated under various conditions. Chimney height, solar absorptance and solar transmittance turned out to have more influence on the ventilation enhancement than the air gap width. The potential energy impacts of a thermal chimney under three different climate conditions are also investigated. It turned out that significant building cooling energy saving can be achieved by properly employing thermal chimneys and that they have more potential for cooling than for heating. In addition, the performance of a thermal chimney was heavily dependent on the climate of the location.