Using a Water Balance to Determine the Source of Water in the Flooding Underground Mine Workings of Butte

Abstract.  Nearly 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of underground mine workings began flooding on April 22, 1982 when the large pumps used to dewater the mines of Butte, Montana were shut off. In the first few months, water levels in the workings rose hundreds of meters. Flooding continues to this day at a slower rate, nearly 25 years later. An early evaluation of the water chemistry in the flooding mines suggested that the initially poor water quality was the result of flushing of a reservoir of stored acidity and metals. However, a detailed water balance for the Berkeley pit, underground workings, and associated mining features suggests an alternative explanation. During the early period of mine flooding, acidic surface water from the deactivated heap leach operations and nearby acid rock drainage were routed into the empty Berkeley Pit, and thence drained downward and outward into the underground mine workings, causing widespread degradation of water quality in the underlying workings. After 21 months, the hydraulic gradients in the system reversed, causing a change in the direction of ground water flow and a gradual improvement in water quality of the mine shafts.     

提高露天矿矿产资源利用率途径的探讨

为了提高矿产资源的利用率,露天开采设计中有一项重要原则是:要充分利用资源,尽可能把较多的矿石圈定在露天开采境界内,发挥露天开采的优越性。结合实例对如何提高露天矿矿产资源利用率的途径进行了探讨。     

Using a Risk-based Approach for Derivation of Water Quality Guidelines for Sulphate

Mine Water and the Environment - Sulphate is a major salt component in acid mine drainage and a crucial ecological concern in most coal and gold mining regions, globally. However, there remains a...     

云岗矿8号煤层底板奥灰水突水危险性评价

为了预测云岗矿8号煤层底板突水的危险性,采用五图双系数法,根据煤层底板破坏深度、隔水层厚度、底板水头值、有效隔水层厚度以及突水系数,将8号煤层带压开采区底板突水的危险性划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级区,通过判别结果表明:8号煤层井田内为非直通型-带压开采安全,在井田西南角为发生直通式突水危险大,在发生突水时,突水量中部比西部和南部大.     

矿井顶板涌水量的模糊预测与防治决策研究

着重介绍了顶板水的防治决策推理方法和在用信息拟合方法完成的顶板富水性分区基础上的顶板涌水量模糊预测方法。南屯矿的应用实例表明,预测结果与实际情况一致。     

浅谈新河矿泉水的营销管理

从新河矿泉水的内外部营销环境及水行业的竞争力等方面进行了分析，对新河矿泉水厂所处的战略群体进行了定位。分析出哪些是竞争对手，哪些是可以忽略的对手，制定出了目标和对策，重点论述了如何通过加强营销队伍建设，选择合理的分销渠道，提供优质服务和实施品牌工程等途径来提高矿泉水的营销水平。     

卧牛山煤矿矿井水资源的开发利用

卧牛山煤矿处于闸河煤田向斜构造东北部，井下水资源丰富，但矿区供水却很紧张。经化验，该矿矿井水符合饮用水标准。通过对井下现有巷道、水仓及汲水设备的改造，可解决矿区供水的问题，社会效益、经济效益十分显著。     

吕家坨矿选煤厂末煤生产系统产品结构初探

结合吕家坨矿选煤厂的生产实际 ,分析探讨了在现有末煤生产系统不变的条件下合理调整产品结构的问题 ,提出了一个技术上可行、经济上合理的末煤系统产品结构     

沙曲矿井原煤洗选的几点看法

根据沙曲矿原煤筛分浮沉资料 ,对手选工艺提出了建议 ,从经济效益的角度对生产不同级别的精煤进行了初步分析     

新安矿井突水水源的水化学特征分析

以新安矿区的水文地质条件为前提,采用pipor三线图、阿廖金分类以及数学综合分析等水化学分析方法,对该区井田内主要含水层的水化学成分进行了研究,确定出井下突水各水源的水化学特征差别,对查明井下突水水源有明确的指导意义,为突水防治提供了可靠的依据。     

Alteration of Surface Water Hydrology by Opencast Mining in the Raniganj Coalfield Area,India

Surface excavation and overburden dumping in the Raniganj Coalfield have defaced the natural topography and impacted the hydrology. Excavation and dumping of overburden within the channels has obstructed streamflow and altered water availability in the lower parts of small catchment basins. The surface drainage paths of ephemeral channels and flow accumulation by channel networks was estimated from digital elevation remote sensing images using Arc Hydro Tools of Arc GIS software. The runoff from small basins was estimated using the US Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method and initial abstractions (depression storage) were estimated from CARTOSAT DEM satellite images using GIS techniques. In the studied area, 129 depressions (abandoned and working mines) were identified within 53 small basins over an area of more than 24 km². The excavated areas arrest surface runoff, leading to degradation of downstream channels.     

Estimating Water Retention in Post-mining Excavations Using LiDAR ALS Data for the Strzelin Quarry,in Lower Silesia

A digital terrain model of the Strzelin granite quarry was created from ISOK project data obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS). Based on 2009, 2012, and 2014 data, the volume of water in the Strzelin quarry’s two excavations were determined. Additionally, the predicted volume of retained water after mining ceases was calculated, assuming a water level of 150.0 m a.s.l. In 2014, the two reservoirs retained, respectively, ≈?0.14 and 0.01 million m³ of water. If the two pits are eventually connected, ≈?6.6 million m³ of water could be retained. Including the 2014 water volume as a small-scale retention basin would increase the volume of retained water in the ?l?za catchment and Strzelin County by 19.0%, and 34.2%, respectively. The hypothetical reservoir created after mining ends would increase small-scale (reservoir and pond) retention?≈?8 times in the ?l?za catchment and ≈?15 times in the County, constituting a significant improvement.     

Using Acid Mine Drainage to Recover a Coagulant from Water Treatment Residuals

We evaluated the recovery of aluminum from water treatment residuals by acidification using acidic coal mine drainage as an extraction solution. The water treatment residuals had Al and total Fe concentrations of 1.2 and 1.3%, respectively, based on mass. The influence of contact time of the mine water with the water treatment residuals and the percent of excess sulfate were assessed. The results showed that 28 min of contact and 100% of excess sulfate allowed recovery of >90% of the Al. Color was reduced from 25.9 to 0.8 total color units (TCU) and turbidity was reduced from 6 to 0 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The recovered coagulant performed appropriately in water treatment tests, based on physical–chemical parameters. The only parameter that requires more attention is antimony, which was close to the maximum concentration limits for drinking water.     

王楼煤矿3_上煤层顶底板砂岩水综合防治技术

该文通过对王楼煤矿3上煤层顶底板砂岩含水层的赋存条件、出水规律以及对矿井安全生产影响的综合分析,提出了针对性的综合防治措施,有效保证了矿井的安全生产。     

水平衡测试在煤矿生产用水管理中的作用

本文以兖矿集团兴隆庄煤矿为研究对象,对该企业的水平衡进行测试研究,详细分析了其测试方案的制定、测试周期的确定、测试单元的划分及测试工作开展的步骤,优化改进该矿用水过程中存在的问题,提高了用水效率。     

用Hoek—Brown准则估算层状岩体强度的方法

在单弱面理论和Heok提出的强度预测方法的基础上,改进了Hoek-Brown准则预测层状岩体强度的方法,并用试验测试手段验证了其正确性,认为这种改进方法可用于层状岩体的近似估算。     

白庙矿二_1煤底板突水危险的评价及防治措施

在区域水文地质条件分区和矿井水文地质补勘的基础上,对白庙矿矿井生产开拓水平的煤层分水平、分采区进行突水危险的判别,明确白庙矿下组煤开采的安全区和危险区,并据此提出针对性的防治措施。     

Assessment of the Impact of Irrigation with Low-quality Mine Water on Virgin and Rehabilitated Soils in the Upper Olifants Basin

Low-quality mine water from collieries may be used in large quantities to irrigate agricultural crops on virgin (unmined) and rehabilitated soils in South Africa. Such a use could enhance crop production and allow environmentally sustainable mine water disposal. In this study, the volume and qualities of the runoff from two centre pivots irrigated with moderately saline mine water, as well as their soil water salinities, were monitored and used to determine water and salt balances, using the modified ACRU agrohydrological model, ACRU2000, and its salinity module, ACRUSalinity. At both sites, much of the water evaporated, while a significant part of the salt input either precipitated or remained with the water in the soil horizons. A higher percentage of drainage water (and salinity) were retained as ground water storage and a lower percentage of runoff occurred in the rehabilitated sandy loam soil, while a higher percentage of salts accompanied runoff in the virgin clayey soils. Simulated salt saturation values indicate that many crops could be successfully irrigated at 100% yield potential at either site. Electrical resistivity surveys were carried out at both sites. A general decrease in resistivities with depth in both the virgin and rehabilitated soils reflected the decreasing influence of the mine water used for irrigation with depth and the precipitation of salts in the soils close to the ground surface. The occurrence of a thicker, low-resistivity, near-surface layer near the exit of each pivot area indicates that the water and salt content of the subsurface increased in the direction that the surface and near-surface irrigation water flowed. An erratum to this article can be found at     

根据钻速方程分析提高钻速的有效途径

在安全条件下,提高钻井速度是钻井工程技术人员追求的目标和紧迫任务。根据大庆长垣通用钻速方程,分析影响钻速的主要因素及提高钻速的有效途径,以供钻井工程设计及现场工程技术人员参考,并用莺深1井、达深2井实钻数据在通用钻速方程中验证,其预测钻速与实际钻速误差仅为4.3%和4.8%,取得较好的符合率。     

Estimating activation energy from a sulfide self-heating test

Using a custom-designed self-heating apparatus and procedure, activation energy (E_a) was determined for four sulfide-bearing materials: two nickel concentrates, a copper concentrate and a sphalerite/pyrite mixture. The E_a ranged from 22-29 kJ mol⁻¹, implying a common reaction. Comparing to literature, the E_a values correspond to partial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, supporting the contention that H₂S may be an intermediate product in the self-heating of sulfide minerals.