蛇形热轧中轧制参数对7075铝合金厚板变形分布的影响

介绍了蛇形轧制的实现方式。运用数值模拟方法,在Deform 3D上分析单道次轧制过程中蛇形轧制和对称轧制7075铝合金厚板的流动速度及应力应变分布情况,分析异速比、上下轧辊错位量和压下量对蛇形轧制变形区内轧板等效应变和剪切应变的影响规律。结果表明：蛇形轧制中,由于下辊速度快,轧板下层金属流动比上层快,蛇形轧制中轧板下层等效变形大于上层,且随着异速比的增大,上下层金属变形差距增大;对称轧制中厚板心部的剪切应变几乎为0,蛇形轧制中由于有“搓轧区”的存在,厚板心部的剪切应变远大于对称轧制的,且随着异速比的增加和错位量的增加,轧板心部的剪切变形增大。这种附加的剪切变形有利于使变形向厚板心部渗透,从而改善厚板高向变形的不均匀性。     

龙形轧制工艺参数对铝合金厚板心部剪切变形的影响

介绍了龙形轧制方法,运用大变形热力耦合有限元法分析了龙形轧制和对称轧制铝合金厚板变形区内轧件的变形情况,比较了龙形轧制和对称轧制条件下轧板不同位置剪切应变的分布情况,并研究了上下轧辊错位量、异速比、摩擦系数和压下量对轧板心部剪切变形的影响。结果表明:对称轧制中厚板心部的剪切应变几乎为0;龙形轧制中由于有"搓轧区"存在,厚板心部的剪切应变远远大于对称轧制,且心部的剪切应变随着轧辊错位量、异速比、摩擦系数和压下量的增大而增大。为了获得较大的剪切应变同时保证较小的弯曲曲率,在龙形轧制中应合理选择这些工艺参数。     

蛇形轧制复合成形镁/铝板材的弯曲曲率研究

针对镁/铝板材轧制复合在轧后容易出现弯曲问题，提出了蛇形轧制复合工艺，以达到降低轧后弯曲曲率并提高界面结合强度的目的。利用ANSYS LS-DYNA有限元软件，研究了蛇形轧制复合过程中不同错位量、异速比、压下量、层厚比及轧制温度对轧后复合板的弯曲曲率的影响规律，并开展轧制复合实验，验证了有限元计算结果的准确性。结果表明，与异步轧制相比，蛇形轧制可有效降低轧后复合板弯曲曲率。相同轧制条件下，异步轧制轧后弯曲曲率随着异速比的增大而增大，随着压下量及层厚比的增大而减小。蛇形轧制错位量可对轧后弯曲抑制产生明显的效果，在一定范围内，复合板的弯曲曲率随错位量的增大而减小。当初始板厚为50 mm、层厚比为2:3、压下量为30 mm、轧制温度为400℃、异速比为1.05和错位量为30 mm时，轧后复合板接近平直。     

厚钢板同径异速蛇形/差温轧制力能参数建模与分析

蛇形/差温轧制可以细化钢板中心的奥氏体晶粒,促进变形向钢板心部渗透,改善钢板的微观组织和性能。为了满足轧机的设计和工艺参数设定要求,有必要建立蛇形/差温轧制力能参数模型。根据钢板厚度方向的温度梯度将钢板分为上、下表面层和中间层,结合蛇形轧制的变形区(后滑区、前滑区、搓轧区和反弯区),蛇形/差温轧制的变形区总共分为12个区域。考虑到非均布剪切应力和均布正应力,采用主应力法建立了同径异速蛇形/差温轧制轧制力和轧制力矩的解析模型。通过ANSYS软件对计算结果进行验证。结果表明,模型的计算结果与模拟结果相比,误差可以控制在10%以内,该模型可准确的预测同径异速蛇形/差温轧制过程中的轧制力和轧制力矩。     

厚规格钢板蛇形轧制变形渗透性影响因素分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对厚规格钢板蛇形轧制过程进行了数值模拟研究,讨论了不同轧制方式和轧制工艺参数对钢板变形渗透性的影响规律,重点关注蛇形轧制对厚规格钢板心部变形的影响。结果表明:蛇形轧制中钢板上下表面金属流动的速度差会导致钢板在厚度方向上产生强烈的塑性变形,促进变形向钢板心部渗透,且钢板心部的等效应变随着异速比的增加而增大;增加压下量可显著增大钢板心部的等效应变,且对改善钢板厚度方向上的不均匀变形也有显著作用;摩擦系数对钢板变形的影响主要集中于钢板表面,对钢板心部变形的影响甚小;错位量和轧制速度对钢板厚度方向上的等效应变影响甚小。     

异步轧制宽展行为的数值模拟研究

基于软件MSC.Marc建立了高锰无磁钢在不同变形参数下异步轧制过程的三维有限元模型。利用该模型对异步轧制过程进行了数值模拟,分析了异速比、压下量和初轧温度对轧件平均宽展的影响规律。结果表明:轧件平均宽展随着压下量的增大和初轧温度的升高而增大;随着轧制异速比的增大,平均宽展先减小后增大。在压下量为20%、30%、40%时,平均宽展最小值对应的异速比为1.2,但当压下量增大至50%时,平均宽展最小值偏移到异速比为1.3处。基于以上分析结果,将异速比、压下量和初轧温度对宽展的影响规律引入芝原宽展公式,并对其进行了修正,使用修正后的公式进行了计算,计算结果与模拟结果相关性较好。     

厚板蛇形轧制压下量与咬入条件分析与研究

厚规格金属板经传统轧制后存在心部变形不充分的问题,导致心部性能普遍偏低,影响金属板的使用,为提高心部变形,开发了将异步轧制和板材矫直相结合的厚规格金属板蛇形轧制方法,根据轧制理论及蛇形轧制模型的特点建立了同径异速蛇形轧制和异径同速蛇形轧制辊缝补偿计算模型、压下量计算模型、咬入角计算模型以及实现金属板自然咬入的判据,进一步丰富了轧制理论。对计算模型进行分析,结果表明:同径异速和异径同速蛇形轧制上下工作辊压下量不同,且上工作辊的压下量大于下工作辊压下量,压下量之差与下工作辊偏移量和轧辊直径有关;实现蛇形轧制自然咬入的条件为摩擦角大于上下工作辊咬入角的平均值。     

铜/铝/铜复合板异步轧制变形行为有限元分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了铜/铝/铜复合板异步轧制成形弹塑性有限元模型,将有限元模型仿真结果同实际轧制实验结果进行对比,证明有限元模型的准确性。通过对异步轧制变形区进行分析和研究发现,在相同条件下,与同步轧制相比,异步轧制可以有效地减小轧制正应力,并增大后滑区摩擦应力;异步轧制搓轧区可以促进复合板结合界面的金属流动,在其他轧制条件相同的情况下,压下率越大,搓轧区越小,异步速比越大,搓轧区越大;靠近快速辊一侧结合界面铜板的等效应变要大于靠近慢速辊一侧结合界面铜板的等效应变,中间铝板的等效应变大于两侧铜板。随着异步速比的增大,复合板结合界面上两种金属的等效应变的差距逐渐缩小,变形将会更加协调,有利于增强复合板的结合强度。整体研究对铜铝复合板制备工艺的优化提供了理论依据。     

异步轧制对Mg-8Li-3Al-0.4Ca合金组织及性能的影响

本文以Mg-8Li-3Al-0.4Ca合金为研究对象,采用金相(OM)显微组织观察、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及力学性能测试的分析方法,获得了此合金在同异速比不同压下量和同压下量不同异速比异步轧制后的微观组织及力学性能。研究结果表明:异速比相同时,随着压下量的增大,α-Mg相和β-Li相逐渐沿轧制方向被拉长成纤维组织,屈服强度和抗拉强度增加,延伸率先减小之后上下波动;压下量相同时,随着异速比的增大,α-Mg相纤维组织被破坏,形成竹节状,β-Li相一直为等轴晶形态,因此,屈服强度和抗拉强度都先增加后减小,延伸率先减小后增加到一个稳定的值。     

铝合金板材异步轧制翘曲缺陷的有限元数值分析

利用非线性有限元数值模拟方法,对异步轧制过程中轧板金属流动的速度场、应变场、变形区内由摩擦引起的"搓轧区"现象及附加剪切变形区的受力进行研究,并分析这些因素对翘曲的影响规律。结果表明,由于轧板上下部分变形速度不同,在稳定轧制阶段始终存在速度差,导致轧向和法向的变形不对称,并引起轧板厚向上不同部位产生应变差,最终导致翘曲。另外,由于"搓轧区"上下两部分所受轧辊摩擦力方向相反,由此产生的正弯矩和贯穿轧板厚向的附加剪切变形,也是引起翘曲的重要因素。     

An analytical approach to asymmetrical cold strip rolling using the slab method

An analytical model for general asymmetrical cold rolling is proposed to investigate the behavior of sheet during asymmetrical rolling using the slab analysis. Neutral points between the upper and lower rolls and the strip, rolling pressure distribution along the contact interface of the roll and strip, and rolling forces, as well as rolling torque, can be calculated easily using this model. Rolling pressure distribution, rolling force, and rolling torque, which are affected by various rolling conditions such as roll speed ratio, thick-ness reduction, front and back tension, etc., are analyzed. Additionally, the limiting rolling conditions be-tween reduction and roll speed ratio, or front and back tension, under which the rolling process can be accomplished successfully, are discussed. By comparing analytical results and experimental measure-ments of rolling force, it is apparent that the proposed model can successfully provide useful knowledge for designing the pass schedule of the asymmetrical cold strip rolling process.     

Stress analysis of asymmetrical cold rolling of clad sheet using the slab method

An analytical model for general asymmetrical cold rolling of clad sheet bonded before rolling was proposed to explore the plastic deformation behavior of the clad sheet using the slab method. The model allowed easy calculation of the neutral points between the upper and lower rolls and the clad sheet; rolling pressure distribution along the contact interface of the roll, horizontal stresses in the component layers of the clad sheet, shear stresses at the interface of the clad sheet, and rolling force. These characteristics as affected by various rolling conditions (e.g., thickness ratio and shear yield stress ratio of the raw clad sheet, roll speed ratio, reduction, frictional coefficient, roll radius ratio, etc.) were analyzed systematically. This approach yielded complete forms for the rolling pressure distribution, rolling force, and rolling torque. Moreover, the computational time required by this analytical model is about 1/20 to 1/25 of that required by the RUNGE KUTTA numerical method under the same rolling conditions.     

Use of Taguchi method to study a robust design for the sectioned beams curvature during rolling

Finite element DEFORM™ 3D software is employed to examine the plastic deformation behavior of V-sectioned and T-sectioned porous beams at the roll gap under various rolling conditions. The finite element code is based on a rigid–plastic model in which it is assumed that the rolls are rigid bodies and that the temperature change induced in the beams during rolling is sufficiently small that it can be ignored. The analytical model is used to systematically examine the effect of the inclination angle of the roll profile, the friction factors between the rolls and the beam, the roll radii and the angular speed of the upper and lower rolls on the curvature of the rolled beam, the rolling torque, the effective strain, the effective stress and the variation of density of the rolled product at the exit. The Taguchi method is employed to design the rolling parameters to optimize the curvature of the beams. The analytic results have shown that: (1) the inclination angle of the inner part (i.e. vacancy) of the upper roll, the friction factor of the lower roll, the angular velocity of the lower roll and the roll radii, respectively, all have a significant influence upon the curvature of the rolled V-sectioned product, κ = 1/r_a; (2) the reduction ratio of the porous beam, the friction factor of the lower roll, the angular velocity of the lower roll, and the roll radii, respectively, all have a significant influence upon the curvature of the rolled T-sectioned product, κ = 1/r_a.     

攀钢1 220 mm冷连轧机轧制力模型参数自学习分析

在冷连轧过程控制中,影响轧制力模型预报精度的主要因素是材料的屈服应力和摩擦系数。攀钢1 220 mm冷连轧机屈服应力模型通过机架屈服应力自学习、材料等级屈服应力自学习以及材料类别屈服应力补偿来确保屈服应力模型的计算精度。为提高摩擦系数模型的计算精度,除了在模型中充分考虑轧制速度、轧辊粗糙度及轧辊磨损等影响因素外,还引进了低速摩擦系数的自学习形式。另外,攀钢1 220 mm冷连轧机轧制力模型针对特定的轧制条件分别采用调整屈服应力和摩擦系数的自适应学习方法,在实际应用中能够迅速提高轧制力模型的预报精度。     

An experimental investigation on the deformation behavior during wire flat rolling process

In the present study a laboratory flat rolling machine is utilized to assess the deformation behavior of low and high carbon steel wires in wire flat rolling process. The effects of friction coefficient, rolling reduction and roll speed on rolling force and deformation behavior of the wires are experimentally investigated. It is found that the roll speed affects considerably the rolling force but a negligible effect on deformation behavior. It is noted that by increasing the roll speed, the rolling force may decrease or increase depending on the magnitude of the roll speed. Also, the deformation behavior of the wires in flat rolling is formulated. A relationship is developed for calculating the width of contact area between the wire and rolls as a function of rolling reduction. This relationship depicts that the width of contact area is proportional to square root of rolling reduction. Furthermore, two relationships are derived to predict the spreading of the wires after flat rolling. It is found that the relationships are applicable for both the low and high carbon steel wires.     

不同变形区组成下铝合金厚板蛇形轧制板曲率建模分析

蛇形轧制作为一种新型的轧制工艺为高性能厚铝板生产提供了一种新方法,但是传统的异步轧制弯曲曲率模型不能用于蛇形轧制,蛇形轧制缺少精准的轧后曲率计算模型。根据变形区的特征及中性点的位置,确定了变形区组成及其存在边界条件;塑性变形区最多可分成4个区,对不同组成情况的变形区进行了分析,建立了各种情况下单位压力和上、下部分累积剪应变偏差模型,在此基础上建立了剪切应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,根据流动准则建立了轴向应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,最终建立了不同辊径比下的蛇形轧制的弯曲曲率模型。考虑到厚度方向变形的不均匀性,在建模过程中引入均匀系数E,使模型更加精确。采用Ansys模拟和实验数据进行了模型精度的间接验证。结果表明,与模拟和间接实验结果相比,最大和最小相对误差分别为10.71%和0.34%,证实了模型精度,可应用于弯曲曲率预测及控制;同时研究了不同工艺参数（偏移量、辊径比、压下量、工件初始厚度等）对弯曲曲率的影响规律。研究结果为厚规格铝板蛇形轧制生产提供重要理论和技术支持。     

铝管连轧过程孔型参数优化及数值模拟

为了研究孔型参数对铝管连轧过程的影响,采用正交试验优化设计方法设计数值模拟方案,在Marc有限元平台上,研究轧辊孔型参数(侧壁角、侧壁半径比、过渡圆角半径、辊缝大小、轧辊和管坯之间的摩擦因数)分别对轧制力、轧制力距、外径椭圆度和壁厚不均的影响,并分析各参数的影响显著性顺序.结果表明:侧壁角是最重要的影响因素,管坯和轧辊间的摩擦因数对外径椭圆度和壁厚不均的影响居于次位,侧壁半径比对轧制力和壁厚不均的影响最小.根据影响规律获得最优孔型参数组合,并对5机架铝管连轧过程进行有限元模拟分析.     

冷轧机轧制过程中的轧辊振动研究

以冷轧机轧辊垂直振动为研究对象,在分析冷轧机振动机理的前提下,建立轧机垂直振动简化模型,运用数值仿真方法,分析了轧制压下量、摩擦系数及辊缝阻尼的轧制工艺参数对轧机垂直振动的影响。分析结果表明:减小轧机压下量有利于提高轧机振动临界速度;增加辊缝摩擦系数有利于减小轧辊的振动位移;增加辊缝阻尼能够有效降低振动幅值。在此基础上提出了抑制冷轧机垂直振动方法为:优化各道次压下量,以使轧制临界速度由1340 m·min-1提升到1520 m·min-1;适当降低乳化液浓度,以使辊缝摩擦系数增大,此调节过程应考虑窜流现象;增设液压衬板减震器或多孔阻尼减震器,以增加辊缝阻尼。     

Measurements of friction during hot rolling of aluminum strips

In order to establish the dependence of the coefficient of friction on rolling speed and the reduction, commercially pure aluminum strips were rolled at 500°C, using a 2% oil/water emulsion as the lubricant. The roll separating forces, roll torques, the forward slip, the roll pressure and the interfacial shear stress were measured as a function of the reduction and the rolling speed. The coefficient of friction was determined from the shear stress and the roll pressure distributions and its magnitude was validated independently. The coefficient of friction was found to increase with reduction and, in general, decrease with rolling speed. The adhesion theory of friction has been used to explain the observations.