晶须增强铝基复合材料的热压缩变形行为研究

研究了2vol%Mg2B2O5w/6061铝合金复合材料在热变形过程中,不同变形温度、应变速率下流变应力的变化,并通过计算机拟合建立了热压缩变形本构方程。结果表明,压缩变形过程中复合材料的流变应力随着变形温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的增大而升高。当应变速率在0.01~1.00/s之间时,材料呈现出动态回复特征。复合材料在热变形过程中的应变速率和流变应力关系符合双曲正弦函数关系。     

Ni-Ti形状记忆合金热压缩变形行为及本构关系

采用热模拟实验在变形温度为700-900 ℃、应变速率为10-3-101 s-1的条件下,对Ni-Ti合金的热压缩变形行为及变形组织进行了分析.采用实测数据回归分析方法,得出双曲正弦函数形式本构方程中的材料参数;将材料参数对应变进行二次拟合,建立了Ni-Ti合金热变形过程的流变应力与变形温度、应变速率和应变的本构关系.变形激活能Q和结构因子A随应变的增加而减小,应力指数n随应变的增加呈线性增加.有序-无序间的相互转变以及动态回复或动态再结晶的综合作用,是Ni-Ti合金的热压缩变形真应力-真应变曲线变化规律不同于传统非金属间化合物材料的主要原因.     

端子连接器用Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金的热变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,采用等温压缩试验,研究了Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金在变形温度为750~950℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的流变应力的变化规律,测定了其真应力-应变曲线,并分析了合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,合金的真应力-应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力随变形温度的降低以及应变速率的提高而增大,且变形温度越高、应变速率越小,合金越容易发生动态回复和再结晶。在试验基础上,计算并建立了合金热变形过程中流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间关系的热压缩高温变形本构方程。     

高钛6061铝合金的热变形行为（英文）

利用应力应变曲线、热加工图,结合电子透射电子显微镜和背散射衍射技术研究在变形温度为350~510°C、应变速率为0.001~10 s-1时高钛6061铝合金的热变形行为。结果表明,该合金的热压缩变形流变峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低;在实验参数范围内平均热变形激活能为185 k J/mol;建立了流变应力模型;该合金热变形时主要的软化机制为动态回复;根据材料动态模型获得了高钛6061铝合金的热加工图,最佳的热加工窗口温度为400~440°C,应变速率为0.001~0.1 s~(-1)。     

晶须增强铝基复合材料的热压缩变形行为研究

研究了2vol%Mg2B2O5w/6061铝合金复合材料在热变形过程中,不同变形温度、应变速率下流变应力的变化,并通过计算机拟合建立了热压缩变形本构方程。结果表明,压缩变形过程中复合材料的流变应力随着变形温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的增大而升高。当应变速率在0.01¹.00/s之间时,材料呈现出动态回复特征。复合材料在热变形过程中的应变速率和流变应力关系符合双曲正弦函数关系。     

基于热加工图的6061铝合金热压缩变形特性研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对6061铝合金进行等温热压缩试验,研究变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1、压缩量为60%条件下合金的热变形特性,分析其高温流变应力行为,依据动态材料模型建立热加工图并结合热变形组织分析6061铝合金的热变形机制。结果表明,6061铝合金流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而下降,其高温软化机制以动态回复为主;合金在高应变速率下普遍存在流变失稳,最佳热加工区间变形温度为430~450℃,应变速率为0.01~0.05 s~(-1),该工艺范围内合金出现了部分动态再结晶组织。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金高温热变形行为及动态再结晶

在Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验对Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在应变速率为0.01~5 s 1、变形温度为600~800℃条件下的流变应力行为进行研究,利用光学显微镜分析合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶机制。结果表明:Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,且根据变形温度的不同,真应力—真应变曲线的特征有所不同。流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性得出该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和本构方程。     

非真空熔铸Cu-Cr-Zr合金的热变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对Cu-0.92Cr-0.068Zr合金进行高温热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为500 ～ 800℃、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1工作条件下的流变应力行为和组织演变.结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对合金的高温变形有显著影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的降低而减小;流变曲线表现出动态回复和动态再结晶两种特征.可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius双曲正弦函数算出Cu-0.92Cr-0.068Zr热变形激活能和高温热变形流变应力本构方程.合金形变组织受变形温度影响强烈.     

06Cr25Ni20不锈钢的热压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机研究了06Cr25Ni20不锈钢在变形温度为950~1200℃,应变速率为0.5~50 s-1条件下的热压缩变形行为。通过线性回归分析确定06Cr25Ni20不锈钢的应变硬化指数以及变形表观激活能,获得06Cr25Ni20不锈钢高温条件下的流变应力本构方程,并验证该流变应力本构方程的准确性。研究结果表明,06Cr25Ni20不锈钢在热压缩变形过程中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度升高而降低。     

AZ31B镁合金在高应变速率下的热压缩变形行为和微观组织演变

采用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机在变形温度为200~520℃、应变速率为2~60 s-1条件下对AZ31B镁合金厚板进行热压缩变形试验,压缩变形量为60%。结合变形后的微观组织以及热压缩真应力-真应变曲线,分析应变速率和变形温度等工艺参数对其微观组织演变的影响。结果表明:当变形温度高于320℃时,AZ31B镁合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现典型的动态再结晶特性。当应变速率一定时,流变应力随温度升高而降低;当变形温度一定时,流变应力在高温低应变速率(低于15 s-1)下随应变速率增大而增大。变形后的微观组织显示,压缩变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,动态再结晶体积分数随应变速率的增加而增大。另外,变形组织的均匀性受变形温度的影响十分显著。在热压缩实验的基础上,在温度为300~330℃时对板材进行单道次大压下量的热轧,获得的板材具有均匀细小的晶粒及优异的力学性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。