水溶液法制备氧化镁晶须的工艺研究

为了促进氧化镁晶须的规模化生产与工业应用,采用前驱物煅烧法制备了氧化镁晶须.首先以硫酸镁和氨水为原料合成了前驱体碱式硫酸镁晶须,接着将碱式硫酸镁焙烧成氧化镁晶须.探讨了各个工艺条件对产物的影响,探索出最佳的工艺条件为:硫酸镁溶液的浓度为2mol·L-1,水热反应温度160℃,水热反应时间20h.在此条件下制得了前驱物碱...     

定-转子反应器结合水热法制备碱式硫酸镁晶须

以一定浓度的MgSO₄和NaOH溶液为原料,采用定-转子反应器制备碱式硫酸镁晶须前躯体,在170℃条件下进行水热反应6 h,制备出MgSO₄·5Mg（OH）₂·3H₂O型碱式硫酸镁晶须（MOS）,研究了不同的前躯体制备设备、反应物浓度、定-转子转速对产品质量的影响,确定了采用定-转子反应器结合水热法制备碱式硫酸镁晶须的工艺条件。利用此工艺条件,通过在100L高压反应釜中进行中试,得到了质量较好的碱式硫酸镁晶须。采用此工艺制得的晶须长径比大于50,直径0.5～1.0 μm,表面光滑,分散性好。     

钙法分步结晶制备碱式硫酸镁晶须

以七水合硫酸镁、氯化镁为原料,考察了以氢氧化钙为沉淀剂,采用二步法制备碱式硫酸镁晶须新工艺的可行性,探究了MgSO_4与Mg(OH)_2物质的量比、水热时间、反应温度和硫酸镁溶液浓度对晶须产物的影响。研究结果表明:以氢氧化钙为沉淀剂,采用常温合成-水热反应可制备得到153型碱式硫酸镁晶须;得到较优的工艺条件:反应温度为190℃、n(MgSO_4)∶n[Mg(OH)_2]=0.75∶1、水热时间为12 h、硫酸镁溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L,该工艺条件下晶须的平均长度为360～390μm。与钠法和氨法制备工艺相比,本研究探索的钙法工艺,制备成本低廉,晶须长度显著增加,晶须呈对称的蝴蝶结状。     

碱式硫酸镁晶须的制备

利用苦卤与工业氨水反应制备氢氧化镁滤饼,按比例将其与一定浓度的七水硫酸镁溶液置于高压反应釜中,通过水热反应制备碱式硫酸镁晶须,主要考察了物料配比、七水硫酸镁浓度、反应温度、搅拌速度和反应时间对晶须晶形的影响,得出适宜条件为：七水硫酸镁的浓度为08 mol/L,m(七水硫酸镁)∶m(氢氧化镁)为2∶1,反应温度为160 ℃,搅拌速度为300 r/min,反应时间为8 h。并对在此条件下合成的晶须进行了化学分析、电镜扫描(SEM)观察、X射线衍射(XRD)分析及TG DTG分析。     

添加有机酸水热法制备碱式硫酸镁晶须的研究

以硫酸镁和氢氧化镁为原料水热反应制备碱式硫酸镁晶须[MgSO4.5Mg(OH)2.3H2O],通过正交实验得出制备条件,在此条件下添加有机酸,对不同的有机酸添加剂进行对比,对产物进行SEM,XRD,TG以及FT-IR分析。结果表明:控制硫酸镁浓度为0.70 mol/L,氢氧化镁浓度为0.32 mol/L,反应温度为160℃,搅拌速率600 r/m in,压强0.5 MPa,反应时间6 h,原料填充度大于60%,有机酸添加量为0.1%~1%(质量分数)。在此条件下可以制得长径比大于60的碱式硫酸镁晶须,产品为单晶纤维状结构。有机酸的加入,作为一种较好的表面处理剂,吸附在产品表面,阻止晶体的团聚,有利于产品的分散,通过小尺寸晶须的团聚,生成大尺寸的晶须产品。     

无水硫酸镁对氧化镁水热产物的影响

以轻烧菱镁矿获得的氧化镁为原料,在温度为160℃、搅拌速度为400 r/min的条件下反应,研究无水硫酸镁对氧化镁水热产物的影响.当MgO与MgSO4的摩尔比为10:1时,反应6 h的水热产物是纯度高、结晶度好的六方片状氢氧化镁;当MgO与MgSO4的摩尔比为2.5:1时,前3 h水热产物是六方片状氢氧化镁,随后出现碱式硫酸镁晶须并且其生成量越来越多;当MgO与MgSO4的摩尔比为10:7时,前50 min水热产物是六方片状氢氧化镁,然后出现碱式硫酸镁晶须,直至6 h全部生成直径约为300 nm、表面光滑的碱式硫酸镁晶须.在此过程中,小颗粒氢氧化镁出现溶解现象,形成碱式硫酸镁晶核,大颗粒氢氧化镁与溶液中的MgSO4、H2O生成大量MgSO4·5Mg(OH)2·3H2O(153型碱式硫酸镁),在其生长方向上生长基元Mg-O6进入由于螺旋位错形成的二维台阶的凹陷处促使其沿位错方向稳定生长为晶须.无水硫酸镁的浓度越大,生成碱式硫酸镁晶须越多,生成碱式硫酸镁晶须所用时间越短.     

碱式硫酸镁的优化生产

目的:探讨碱式硫酸镁晶须形成的影响因素及合成效率,优化生产工艺参数。方法:本文采用一步法水热合成碱式硫酸镁晶须,对不同反应条件对晶须产物形貌的影响,不同反应条件对产率的影响进行探讨。结果:在硫酸镁浓度选择1.2 mol·L~(-1),转速400 r/min,反应温度为200℃,反应时间为6h,硫酸镁和氢氧化镁的摩尔比≥1时可使碱式硫酸镁晶须结构最优。反应时间为5h左右;搅拌强度为200r/min左右;体系温度为180℃;选用Na3PO_4?12H2O晶体助长剂可使产率达到最优。结论:本文通过对晶须形貌和组成的影响因素及产率影响因素进行探讨,从而优化碱式硫酸镁生产条件,具有一定的市场前景和工业价值。     

氢氧化镁与七水硫酸镁水热法合成碱式硫酸镁晶须

为了获得高品质的碱式硫酸镁晶须，采用氢氧化镁和七水硫酸镁为原料，通过水热法合成碱式硫酸镁晶须。考察了七水硫酸镁与氢氧化镁的物质的量比、水热时间、搅拌转速、七水硫酸镁的添加量及水热温度等条件因素对晶须生长的影响，利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、选区电子衍射（SAED）及傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等对晶须产品进行了分析。结果表明：优化的工艺参数为七水硫酸镁与氢氧化镁物质的量比为3∶1、水热时间为2 h、搅拌转速为400 r/min、七水硫酸镁添加量为4.93 g、水热温度为180℃、80 mL水作为反应介质；在优化条件下合成的产品主要为纤维状晶须，晶须的直径为300～500 nm、长度为80～100μm，其长径比大于160。工艺参数的优化可有效提高碱式硫酸镁晶须的分散性和长径比。     

蛇纹石尾矿固体废弃物制备碱式硫酸镁晶须

本研究采用蛇纹石尾矿为原料制备碱式硫酸镁晶须,以硫酸浸取蛇纹石尾矿溶出的镁离子溶液为原料,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,采用水热法合成碱式硫酸镁晶须,探讨了不同合成温度、镁离子的浓度和反应时间对晶须形貌的影响,并对产物进行X射线衍射分析、热分析和扫描电镜分析.结果表明:以蛇纹石尾矿酸浸提纯后的浓度为1 mol/L的镁离子与沉淀剂氢氧化钠物质的量为2.7∶1,在200℃温度下,反应时间5h下的合成的晶须为152型碱式硫酸镁晶须,形貌为扇形或纤维状,长径比10～ 200.     

碱式硫酸镁晶须的水热合成工艺研究

研究了MgSO4.7H2O和NaOH一步法水热合成碱式硫酸镁晶须制备工艺,研究了各种合成条件对合成过程和产物质量的影响,得出最优工艺条件为:MgSO4.7H2O和NaOH的物质量比为1:1.5,反应时间10h,反应温度200℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。