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1.
Summary The oils from yellow mustard seed (Brassica alba), black mustard seed (Brassica nigra) of Indian origin, and rapeseed (Brassica Compestris) of unknown origin have been analyzed for their fatty acid composition without preliminary resolution of fatty acids by lead-salt-alcohol
or fractional crystallization methods. The results compare very favorably with those determined by other recently developed
methods. It may be concluded therefore that this method can be favorably employed for the determination of fatty acid composition
of fats containing higher unsaturated acids.
Confirmatory evidence has been obtained for the presence of eicosenoic acid in rapeseed oil.
The nature and amount of fatty acids of yellow mustard seed oil of Indian origin do not differ in any significant manner from
those of other cruciferous seed oils.
The present analysis of black mustard seed oil reveals a higher amount of linolenic acid, and the presence of a C20 monoethenoid acid, not heretofore reported.
Contribution No. 708 from the Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh.
Presented in part at the Spring meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, held in New Orleans, La., May, 1948.
Baliga and Hilditch’s paper. “The Component Acids of Rapeseed Oil” (J. Soc. Chem. Ind.67, 258–262 (1948). 相似文献
2.
M. E. Stansby 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(11):793A-796A
Fish oils, often an abundant source of C20 and C22 fatty acids, could supplement rapessed oil in the manufacture of long chain saturated fatty acids. Herring oil, traditionally
the fish oil of choice, is in very short supply due to depletion of fishery stocks. Menhaden oil, when made from fish caught
in the Atlantic, could furnish a steady supply with long chain acids at about the 30% level. Oil made from other species such
as anchovy or pilchard need further data on fatty acid content and variability. Manufacture of polyunsaturated fatty acids
from fish oils is hampered by lack of suitable procedures. Potential markets for fish oil polyunsaturates especially in the
pharmaceutical field seem promising. 相似文献
3.
Cardiac fatty acids were studied in young rats fed marine oils for 1 week. When the diet contained 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16%
by weight of partially hydrogenated oil from Norwegian capelin, the concentration of fatty acids in the cardiac tissue was
elevated only at the highest level. The amount of the lipid and the content of docosenoic acid in the heart were less than
those observed with 15% partially hydrogenated oil from Canadian herring. Nonhydrogenated Peruvian anchovy oil lacking docosenoic
acid produced no change in the amount of fat deposited. The extent of fatty acid accumulation in the heart was related to
the dietary C22 acids. 相似文献
4.
Methyl-branched fatty acids, which are usually minor components (≤0.1%) in fish oils, were concentrated in the non-urea-complexing
fraction along with polyunsaturated fatty acids during the enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids from certain fish oils via the
urea complexation process. The methyl-branched fatty acids in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates, which were
prepared from three fish body oils, were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Among
the major branched-chain fatty acids expected and identified were the known isoprenoid acids—mainly 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic,
pristanic, and phytanic—and the well-known iso and anteiso structures. Two novel phytol-derived multimethyl-branched fatty
acids, 2,2,6,10,14-pentamethylpentadecanoic and 2,3,7,11,15-pentamethylhexadecanoic, were identified in redfish (Sebastes sp.) oil. These two fatty acids were absent in oils from menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Pacific salmon (mixed, but mostly from sockeye,Oncorhynchus nerka). The major branched-chain fatty acid in the salmon oil, 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid, was also present to a moderate extent
in menhaden oil. A novel vicinal dimethyl-branched fatty acid, 7,8-dimethyl-7-hexadecenoic was detected in all of the fish
oils examined, but was most important in the salmon oil. Three monomethyl-branched fatty acids, 11-methyltetradecanoic acid,
and 11- and 13-methylhexadecanoic, hitherto undescribed in fish lipids, were also detected in salmon, redfish and menhaden
oils.
Presented in part at the First Annual Meeting of the Amer. Oil. Chem. Soc. Canadian Section, Guelph, Ontario, Oct. 8–9, 1986. 相似文献
5.
Qamar Khalid Ahmed Saeed Mirza A. Hameed Khan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1968,45(4):247-249
The body oils of 13 species of marine edible fishes found around the Karachi-Makran coast were studied by gas-liquid chromatography
(GLC) for their fatty acid composition. The analyses showed the presence of fatty acids with chain lengths from 10 to 24 carbon
atoms and with zero to six double bonds. The oils were found to be rich in polyunsaturated acids, particularly the penta-
and hexaenoic. Certain major fatty acids were found to vary widely among the species: myristic acid 2.3 to 13.7%; palmitic
11.6 to 41.2%; stearich 7.2 to 23.2%; oleic 6.9 to 29.6%; eicosapentaenoic 1.4 to 19.0%; docosapentaenoic zero to 10.2%; and
docosahexaenoic zero to 36.4%. The linoleic and linolenic acids were present in small amounts in some of the fish oils, and
arachidonic acid was present in all of them. 相似文献
6.
B. Sreenivasan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1968,45(4):259-265
Nineteen different samples of oils and fats have been examined for their component acids and composition by gas-liquid chromatography.
Under programmed-temperature operations, the temperatures at which different components start to elute bear a straight-line
relationship with their respective carbon numbers. Chromatograms, under programmed-temperature conditions, of methyl esters
from such oils as coconut, groundnut, mustard, etc., are used for identifying the components of an unknown oil by comparing
its chromatogram taken under nearly identical conditions. For confirmatory identifications, such plots as logarithm of retention
times versus carbon numbers for saturated acids (14:0 to 24:0), monoenoic acids (14:1 to 24:1), and dienoic acids (18:2 to
24:2), under isothermal conditions, have also been used. Some new fatty acids, noted for the first time in traditional oils,
are 15:0 in cottonseed oil, 20:1 in sesame oil, 22:0 in soybean oil, and 24:2 in mustard oil. Odd-carbon chain acids from
11∶0 to 23:0 have been observed in such vegetable oils as peanut germ, rice bran, andMesua ferrea. Fatty acid composition by GLC for new samples like peanut lecithin, peanut germ oil,Myristica attenuata, Myristica kanarica, Myristica magnifica, Mesua ferrea, Vateria indica, Schleichera trijuga, and shark-liver stearine are presented. Industrial utilization of these new oils and fats is discussed. 相似文献
7.
- A sample of liver oil of an Indian shark (Carcharias melanopterus) from the Arabian Sea has been studied.
- Tsujimoto's lithium salt acetone method has been adopted for the separation of the highly unsaturated acids from the mixed acids, which were further resolved into simpler groups with the help of Hilditch's modified lead salt ethanol method. The efficient column (E.H.P.) of Longenecker has been employed for fractionation in the present work.
- The present oil is found to belong to the IV group of Tsujimoto's classification of the Elasmobranch fish liver oils.
- The abnormal saturated acid content is discussed. The present analysis provides an additional instance of this peculiar group of Elasmobranch liver oils.
8.
Summary The component fatty acids of the body fats of three typical species of Bombay marine fish were investigated. The saturated
acid contents of pala and black pomfret oil were about the same. The black pomfret oil was abnormally high in palmitoleic
acid. Linoleic acid was found to be remarkably low in pala and black pomfret oils. In white pomfret the amount of it present
was about the same as that of linolenic. Polyunsaturated acids were present in black and white pomfret oils but only present
in traces in pala oil. 相似文献
9.
H. B. S. Conacher B. D. Page R. K. Chadha 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1972,49(9):520-523
An analytical study of the monoethylenic isomers in commercial samples of partially hydrogenated herring, whale and seal oils
is presented. The results show that with hydrogenated herring oil there is a slight decline in monoenetrans content from 37% in C16 through to 32% in C22. With both whale and seal oils, monoenetrans contents were constant at 54% and 59%, respectively, throughout all chain lengths. In general thecis andtrans positional isomers from hydrogenated whale and seal oils were more scattered than those from hydrogenated herring oil; however
in each oil the majorcis isomers of each chainlength were indicative of originalcis fatty acid isomers in the raw oils. 相似文献
10.
11.
Lennart Svensson 《Lipids》1983,18(3):171-178
The influence of dietary partially hydrogenated marine oils on distribution of phospholipid fatty acids in rat liver microsomes
was studied with particular reference to the metabolism of linoleic acid. Five groups of weanling rats were fed diets containing
20% (w/w) peanut oil (PO), partially hydrogenated peanut oil (HPO), partially hydrogenated Norwegian capelin oil (HCO), partially
hydrogenated herring oil (HHO), and rapeseed oil (RSO) for 10 weeks. The partially hydrogenated oils were supplemented with
linoleic acid corresponding to 4.6 cal % in the diets. Accumulation of linoleic acid and reduced amount of total linoleic
acid metabolites were observed in liver microsomal phospholipids from rats fed partially hydrogenated oils as compared to
PO feeding. The most striking effects on the distribution of ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids was obtained after feeding HHO,
a marine oil with a moderate content oftrans fatty acids in comparison with HPO but rich in isomers of eicosenoic and docosenoic acids. Liver microsomal Δ6-as well as Δ6-desaturase activities as measured in vitro were reduced in rats kept on HHO as compared to PO dietary treatment. The results
obtained suggest that the dietary influence of partially hydrogenated marine oils on the metabolism of linoleic acid might
be better related to the intake of isomeric eicosenoic and docosenoic acids than to the total intake oftrans fatty acids. 相似文献
12.
Lipase-assisted concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in acylglycerols from marine oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Udaya N. Wanasundara Fereidoon Shahidi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(8):945-951
Preparation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrates from seal blubber oil (SBO) and menhaden oil (MHO) in the
form of acylglycerols was carried out by hydrolysis with a number of commercial microbial lipases. The lipases tested were
Aspergillus niger, Candida cylindracea (CC), Chromobacterium viscosum, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor miehei, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizopus oryzae, and Rhizopus niveus. After lipase-assisted hydrolysis of oils, free fatty acids were removed, and fatty acid composition of the mixture containing
mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols was determined. All lipases were effective in increasing the n-3 PUFA content of the remaining
acylglycerols of both SBO and MHO. The highest concentration of n-3 PUFA was provided by CC lipase; 43.5% in SBO [9.75% eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA), 8.61% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and 24.0% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and 44.1% in MHO (18.5% EPA, 3.62% DPA,
and 17.3% DHA) after 40 h of hydrolysis. Thus, CC lipase appears to be most suitable for preparation of n-3 PUFA in the acylglycerol
form from marine oils. 相似文献
13.
When whale oil triglycerides were subjected to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were
found mainly in the di- and triglyceride products, suggesting that they are in the 1,3-positions but resistant to the action
of the lipase. Their presence in the 1,3-positions was confirmed. Their resistance to pancreatic lipase hydrolysis was demonstrated
by analysis of the products of the enzyme action on: (a) a concentrate of highly unsaturated whale oil triglycerides; (b)
the latter after randomization; and (c) synthetic 1,2-di-octadecenoyl-3-eicosapentaenoyl glycerol.
Docosapentaenoic acid was also shown to be present in the 1,3-position of whale oil triglycerides but was not lipase resistant.
It is postulated that the presence of a double bond near the carboxyl group exercises an inhibitory effect, or that the location
of the double bonds in the resistant acids places their terminal methyl groups close to the carboxyl, producing a steric hindrance
effect. 相似文献
14.
C. D. Daulatabad K. M. Hosamani V. A. Desai K. R. Alagawadi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1987,64(10):1423-1423
Seed oils ofCassia grandis, Linn andDelonix elata, Gamble, Syn.Poinciana elata, Linn, belonging to the Leguminosae family contain small amounts of sterculic and malvalic acids as determined by conversion
of esters with AgNO3/MeOH, NMR and IR. 相似文献
15.
The fatty acids of a refined and of a partially hydrogenated menhaden oil, iodine value (IV) 84.5, were separated into different
classes (e.g., monoene, diene, including pentaene and hexaene) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) of their methoxy-bromomercuri-adducts
(MBM). In the solvent system hexane: dioxane, the separation of fatty acids occurred according to the degree of unsaturation.
No influence was exerted by either the geometry or the position of the ethylenic bonds. The effect of the various chain lengths
(C14−C22) was to broaden the bands, but no overlap occurred among the chain lengths. A wide range of C20 unsaturated fatty acids were prepared by the hydrazine reduction of 20∶5-Δ5,8,11,14,17. These were separated into groups
as MBM adducts and identified by comparison of their experimental and calculated equivalent chain lengths (ECL) in gas liquid
chromatography (GLC) on SILAR-5CP and SILAR-7CP columns. This confirmed that GLC did not totally separate all groups of isomers
of different degrees of unsaturation. The quantitative analysis of both refined and partially hydrogenated (IV-84.5) menhaden
oils by GLC was effected by the recovery of the fatty acid methyl esters from the MBM adduct TLC bands with the addition of
methyl heptadecanoate (17∶0) as an internal standard, followed by analysis of the different fractions on open-tubular columns
coated with SILAR-5CP. For methylene- and nonmethylene-interrupted unsaturated acids, 100% recovery from the MBM adducts was
achieved, but in the case of the conjugated dienes the maximal recovery was 70%. 相似文献
16.
H. Noureddini B. C. Teoh L. Davis Clements 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(12):1184-1188
Complete data for density as a function of temperature have been measured for a number of vegetable oils (crambe, rapeseed,
corn, soybean, milkweed, coconut, lesquerella), as well as eight fatty acids in the range C9 to C22 at temperatures from above their melting points to 110°C (230°F). The specific gravity and density measurements were performed
according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard test methods D 368, D 891 and D 1298 for hydrometers
and a modified ASTM D 369 and D 891 for pycnometers. Correlation constants, based on the experimental data, are presented
for calculating the density of fatty acids and vegetable oils in the range of temperature from 24°C (75°F) or the melting
point of the substance, to 110°C (230°F). The constants are valuable for designing or evaluating such chemical process equipment
as heat exchangers, reactors, process piping and storage tanks. Estimated density of fatty acids by a modified Rackett equation
is also presented. 相似文献
17.
H. Noureddini B. C. Teoh L. Davis Clements 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(12):1189-1191
Data for viscosity as a function of temperature from 24 to 110°C (75 to 230°F) have been measured for a number of vegetable
oils (crambe, rapeseed, corn, soybean, milk-weed, coconut, lesquerella) and eight fatty acids in the range from C9 to C22. The viscosity measurements were performed according to ASTM test methods D 445 and D 446. Several correlations were fitted
to the experimental data. Correlation constants for the best fit are presented. The range of temperature in which the correlations
are valid is from 24°C (75°F), or the melting point of the substance, to 110°C (230°F). The correlation constants are valuable
for designing or evaluating such chemical process equipment as heat exchangers, reactors, distillation columns, mixing vessels
and process piping. 相似文献
18.
Boris Sokoloff Masamichi Toyomizu Walter Trauner George Renninger 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1959,36(6):234-237
Summary Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and 10 unsaturated fatty acid fractions and ethyl esters of unsaturated fatty acid fractions
prepared from fish oils were tested on their inhibitory activity againstCandida albicans.
Oxidation of highly unsaturated fractions from fish oil and ethyl esters of unsaturated fatty acid fractions of menhaden,
pilchard, and cod liver oils increases their antifungal activity.
Saturated and unsaturated quaternaries were tested for their antifungal activity.
Hexadecyltriethylammonium bromide and hexadecylpyridinium bromide showed the highest activity againstCandida albicans, Aspergillus niger, andRhyzopus nigricans.
Any lengthening of the carbon chain more than C16 weakened the activity of both saturated triethylammonium bromide and pyridinium bromide. An increase of unsaturation enhanced
it.
The antifungal activity of quaternaries prepared from fish oils was about 4,000 times stronger than that of oxidized highly
unsaturated fatty acid fractions prepared from fish oils.
The decisive factor in the highly inhibitory activity of quaternaries against fungi might depend on their positively charged
portion since the surface of microorganisms is, as a rule, negatively charged.
Aided by a grant from the Collett-Week Company, Ossining, N. Y. 相似文献
19.
A number of minor unsaturated fatty acids of rapeseed oil (fromBrassica napus orcampestris) have been isolated by combinations of distillation preparatve gas liquid chromatography and silver nitrate thin layer chromatography,
and were further identified by oxidative fission in BF3-MeOH. Among the shorter chain, all-cis polyunsaturated fatty acids described are 16:3ω3, 16:2ω6 and 14:2ω6. A ubiquitous minor component inunproceessed oils was found to becis-9, cis-12, trans-15-octadecatrienoic acid, with lesser proportions of thetrans-9, cis-12, cis-15 isomer. Among others identified werecis-14:1ω9 and 15:1ω10, the latter accompanied by half as muchtrans-15:1ω10. Particular attention was paid to the proportions of the minor monoethylenic fatty acids of the ω7 series relative
to the longer chain major ω9 monoethylenic fatty acids which have been reduced by plant breeding. 相似文献
20.
The component fatty acids of the fat elaborated byAspergillus terreus Thom, which was found to be a promising mold for the production of fat, have been studied. The fat has, based on gas liquid
chromatographic evidence, 0.1% lauric, 1.9% myristic, 23.4% palmitic, 0.1% palmitoleic, 0.3% stearic, 14.1% oleic, 39.4% linoleic
and 20.7% linolenic acids. The presence of large proportions of linoleic and linolenic acids suggests technological interest
for the fat. 相似文献