Ball on a beam: stabilization under saturated input control with large basin of attraction

This article is devoted to the stabilization of two underactuated planar systems, the well-known straight beam-and-ball system and an original circular beam-and-ball system. The feedback control for each system is designed, using the Jordan form of its model, linearized near the unstable equilibrium. The limits on the voltage, fed to the motor, are taken into account explicitly. The straight beam-and-ball system has one unstable mode in the motion near the equilibrium point. The proposed control law ensures that the basin of attraction coincides with the controllability domain. The circular beam-and-ball system has two unstable modes near the equilibrium point. Therefore, this device, never considered in the past, is much more difficult to control than the straight beam-and-ball system. The main contribution is to propose a simple new control law, which ensures by adjusting its gain parameters that the basin of attraction arbitrarily can approach the controllability domain for the linear case. For both nonlinear systems, simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the designed nonlinear control laws and to determine the basin of attraction.     

Pendubot: combining of energy and intuitive approaches to swing up,stabilization in erected pose

The objective of this paper is to define a strategy for the swing up of a double-link pendulum and its stabilization in the unstable equilibrium state with both erected links. The first joint of this double-link pendulum, which is the suspension joint, is actuated and the second joint is passive. This double-link pendulum, usually called pendubot, is an underactuated system. The double-link pendulum is straightened during the energy boosting process. The swing up control switches to the balancing mode at the instant when the system comes to the basin of attraction. The limits on the torque amplitude are taken into account. The gains of the saturated balancing control are chosen to ensure the basin of attraction as large as possible. Simulation results demonstrate that our strategy is efficient.     

二级倒立摆系统的实时稳定控制实验研究

为实现二级倒立摆系统的实时稳定控制,以深圳固高直线二级倒立摆装置作为控制对象,在MATLAB环境下,利用基于二次型最优控制理论的线性二次型(Linear Quadratic Regulator,LQR)最优控制器,成功实现了该装置的实时稳定控制。为引入新的控制策略,采集二级倒立摆实时控制过程中的LQR控制器数据作为样本,经过自适应神经模糊推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System,ANFIS)工具箱训练并生成出一种新型模糊神经网络控制器,应用到装置上同样实现了实时平衡。结果表明,新型控制器较LQR控制器控制效果更优,也为成功实现装置的实时平衡提供了一种新的思路和解决方法。     

Feedback control strategies for a nonholonomic mobile robot using a nonlinear oscillator

Among control problems for mobile robots, point‐to‐point stabilization is the most challenging since it does not admit designs with smooth static state feedback laws. Stabilization strategies for mobile robots, and nonholonomic systems generally, are smooth, time‐varying or nonsmooth, time‐invariant. Time‐varying control strategies are designed with umdamped linear oscillators but their fixed structure offer limited flexibility in control design. The central theme of this paper lies in use of nonlinear oscillators for mobile robot control. Large numbers of qualitatively different control strategies can be designed using nonlinear oscillators since stiffness and damping can be functions of robot states. We demonstrate by designing two fundamentally different controllers for two‐wheeled mobile robot using two variants of a particular nonlinear oscillator. First controller is dynamic and generates smooth control action. Second controller is almost‐smooth and time‐invariant. While first controller guarantees global asymptotic stability for any desired posture of robot, second controller is stable, and converges robot from almost any posture to desired posture. The only gap in posture space is unstable equilibrium manifold of measure zero. For both control strategies we mathematically establish stability and convergence of mobile robot to desired posture. Simulation results support theoretical claims. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于能量反馈的圆轨倒立摆摆起控制

基于拉格朗日方程建立圆轨倒立摆单摆模型,根据能量反馈控制理论,设计圆轨倒立摆摆起控制器,从而使摆杆从稳定平衡点摆起到不稳定平衡点并稳定不倒。采用具有流水线指令结构CIP-51控制器内核的C8051单片机实现控制算法。实验结果表明,采用能量反馈控制器可以对具有复杂非线性、强耦合、自然不稳定特性的倒立摆系统实现摆起控制,摆起效果良好。同时也为其他非线性多变量系统的控制提供了有效方法。     

On stabilization of an inverted double pendulum with one control torque

Planar motions of an inverted double pendulum with a motionless suspension point are considered. The pendulum motion is controlled using only one torque with a limited absolute value applied at the suspension point or at the interlink joint. The domains of controllability of the system are found in both cases. The laws of change of both torques for which the pendulum is stabilized at the top unstable equilibrium position are found in a feedback form. For the constructed control, the bazin of attraction of the required equilibrium position is close (in the linear approximation) to the maximum possible.     

二级倒立摆DU2UD的非线性控制研究

二级倒立摆的两根摆杆有4个平衡点：Down Down、Down Up、Up Down、Up Up。针对旋转二级倒立摆从Down Up平衡态转换到Up Down平衡态的大范围非线性欠驱动控制问题(DU2UD),应用基于动觉智能图式的仿人智能控制理论,将DU2UD控制任务分解为初始扰动、摆起控制、姿态整定、稳摆控制4个子任务,并设计出各自关联图式、运动图式(控制器),构成多控制器与多控制模态的仿人智能控制器结构,并进行了实时控制实验,验证了所述方法的有效性。     

基于飞轮的单级倒立摆系统的建模与仿真

针对目前融轮机器人的侧向平衡控制问题,设计了一种基于飞轮的单级倒立摆系统.简单地介绍了目前有关倒立摆系统的研究现状,然后利用拉格朗日方法建立了基于飞轮的单级倒立摆系统的数学模型,同时,对所建立的数学模型(精确模型和线性化模型)在Matlab/Simulink中进行了仿真验证,仿真结果证实了所建立的模型是可信的,并用现代...     

Decentralized variable structure control design for a two-pendulum system

This note presents a decentralized variable structure control design for a nonlinear state model of two coupled pendulums. This was motivated by the swing equation model of a two-machine power system whose behavior is similar. The control objective is to drive the pendulum motion from one equilibrium point to another.     

旋转二级倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

针对多变量、非线性和强耦合的旋转二级倒立摆系统,采用分析力学理论分析旋转二级倒立摆系统的结构,建立了旋转二级倒立摆系统的数学模型状态空间方程,分析了系统的稳定性和可控性.将系统的状态空间方程在平衡点附近进行线性化处理,分别采用线性二次型最优控制策略LQR及LQY方法对旋转二级倒立摆系统进行控制系统设计,并借助Matlab平台进行了仿真实验研究.对控制结果进行了详细分析研究,对于实现其他不稳定系统的控制,有着一定的借鉴价值.     

二级倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

倒立摆系统以其自身的不稳定性而难以控制，也因此成为自动控制实验中验证控制策略优劣的极好的实验装置。针对二级倒立摆系统的平衡控制问题，对其进行数学建模，应用二次型最优控制理论设计了控制器。仿真结果表明，二次型最优控制对于典型非线性自不稳定系统有着很好的控制能力。     

单级倒立摆LQR最优控制及其嵌入式系统实现

倒立摆以其非线性特点成为控制理论分析和设计的典型实验设备.针对单级倒立摆系统,建立其数学模型,设计了线性二次型最优控制器,利用Matlab进行了仿真验证.同时,搭建了控制系统的实物实验平台,利用Z-World公司的嵌入式系统实现了该控制算法,并进行了调试,完成了倒立摆的平衡控制.并作了一些干扰实验来验证系统性能.仿真研究和实物实验的结果,表明在嵌入式控制系统中实现的LQR最优控制算法具有很好的控制效果,使倒立摆具有良好的动态性能和稳态性能.     

平面二级倒立摆的圆周行走与镇定控制

采用拉格朗日方程建立了平面二级倒立摆的非线性动力学模型, 将其在平衡位置线性化, 得到系统在两个正交控制方向解耦的近似模型. 针对每一个方向上由互相耦合的基座小车定位子系统和摆杆镇定子系统所组成的六阶欠驱动系统, 设计了自适应滑模模糊控制器, 实现了基座小车沿圆周行走条件下摆杆的镇定控制, 验证了该控制算法对欠驱动、不稳定、多变量耦合系统的有效性.     

旋转二级倒立摆的控制系统设计与仿真

小车倒立摆系统是一个典型的多变量、非线性、强耦合和快速运动的自然不稳定系统,其控制问题被公认为控制理论的一个典型问题,是控制理论研究的典型实验平台.旋转二级倒立摆是一种新型的倒立摆装置,与同级的直线轨道倒立摆相比,结构简单紧凑,但模型更复杂和不稳定,对控制算法提出更高的要求,增加了控制难度.该文基于动力学理论分析旋转二级倒立摆系统的结构,建立了旋转二级倒立摆系统的数学模型状态空间方程,分析了系统的稳定性和可控性.采用二次型最优控制策略对旋转二级倒立摆系统进行控制系统设计,并借助Matlab平台进行了仿真实验.实验结果证明了其控制有效性,该控制结果与其它控制方法相比,有较优的稳态特性和快速性,系统处在较大的非平衡初始状态,旋转二级摆杆也能稳定地控制在倒立平衡位置附近.因此可以进一步扩展到多级旋转倒立摆的控制,对于实现其它不稳定系统的控制,也有着一定的借鉴价值.     

Optimal Control of Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum System Using PID Controller and LQR: Performance Analysis Without and With Disturbance Input

Linear quadratic regulator(LQR) and proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control methods, which are generally used for control of linear dynamical systems, are used in this paper to control the nonlinear dynamical system. LQR is one of the optimal control techniques, which takes into account the states of the dynamical system and control input to make the optimal control decisions.The nonlinear system states are fed to LQR which is designed using a linear state-space model. This is simple as well as robust. The inverted pendulum, a highly nonlinear unstable system, is used as a benchmark for implementing the control methods. Here the control objective is to control the system such that the cart reaches a desired position and the inverted pendulum stabilizes in the upright position. In this paper, the modeling and simulation for optimal control design of nonlinear inverted pendulum-cart dynamic system using PID controller and LQR have been presented for both cases of without and with disturbance input. The Matlab-Simulink models have been developed for simulation and performance analysis of the control schemes. The simulation results justify the comparative advantage of LQR control method.     

单级旋转倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

针对多变量、非线性和强耦合的单级旋转倒立摆系统,采用拉格朗日方法推导单级旋转倒立摆系统的数学模型,并在平衡点附近进行线性化处理,分析了系统的性能.分别采用线性二次型最优控制策略LQR及LQY方法对旋转倒立摆系统进行控制系统设计,并借助Matlab平台进行了仿真实验研究.实验分析表明这两种控制方案可行,且效果良好.     

一级倒立摆状态反馈控制系统设计

倒立摆控制系统是一个复杂的、不稳定的、非线性系统,对倒立摆系统的研究能有效的反映控制中的许多典型问题。对一级直线型倒立摆,首先运用牛顿运动定律建立倒立摆系统的运动方程,进而求出系统的状态空间表达式,建立数学模型。其次运用状态反馈极点配置法,以小车的位移、速度,摆杆与竖直向上的偏角、摆角变化速度作为四个状态变量,由给定的控制要求求出状态反馈增益矩阵,将极点配置在控制要求的位置。另外考虑到系统的某些状态如小车速度和摆杆角速度不容易直接测量等,本文分别基于小车和摆杆子系统设计了两个全维观测器,分别对状态量进行了重构并给出了仿真结果分析。     

Stabilization of the Furuta pendulum around its homoclinic orbit

We present an energy based control approach to control the Furuta pendulum. A controller is proposed for swinging the pendulum and raise it to its uppermost unstable equilibrium position. The passivity properties of the system are used as a guideline in the control strategy. The stability analysis is carried out by using a Lyapunov technique.     

一类非线性系统的多模型神经网络解耦控制器

针对多变量非线性离散时间系统设计多模型神经网络解耦控制器，在每个平衡点处用一神经网络离线辨识非线性系统的线性部分，利用另一神经网络在线辨识非线性部分，将非线性部分视为可测干扰并采用前馈的方法予以消除，所有平衡点处得到的系统模型汇集起来构成多模型集，在每一采样时刻基于切换指标选出最优模型作为当前模型，并据此设计解耦控制器实现控制，仿真结果表明系统在多个平衡点处仍然可以得到较好的控制效果。     

基于DSP的环形倒立摆系统设计

倒立摆是研究控制算法的典型装置,针对倒立摆实物研究较少的现状,以TMS320LF2407为核心控制器,高精度电位器为采样器件,A3952和直流力矩电机为驱动,设计了一个环形倒立摆系统。该系统结构简单,但具有复杂的数学模型。系统具备DSP和PC两种控制方式和校正功能,以满足对控制实时性、鲁棒性、调试便利性的不同要求;串口通信和界面的设计便于人机交互。实验表明,所设计的系统具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力,同时控制过程平稳,反应迅速,具有良好动态品质。