Algebraic tools for language processing

A language space provides a unified framework to deal with the properties of language constructs by associating them with their specification rules. The concrete syntax is represented by segments of the language space. The semantics is given by derived operations of the algebras where these constructs are interpreted by the processing tools operating on the language space. We examine in this paper only processing tools that collect syntactic information over the language space. Tools involved in semantics processing such as translators and interpreters are also integrated in the language space but are not discussed here.     

Cellular processing tools for high-performance simulation

Cellular automata offer a powerful modeling approach for complex systems in which global behavior arises from the collective effect of many locally interacting, simple components. Several tools based on CA are providing meaningful results for real-world applications. Cellular automata represent an efficient paradigm for the computer solution of important problems in science and engineering. Moreover, the CA model lets researchers effectively use parallel computers to achieve scalable performance. As researchers use parallel computers to solve scientific problems, they will need problem representations (paradigms) for this class of computers. Abstract mathematical models that offer an implicitly parallel representation of problems better match those architectures, but could benefit from new high-level languages, environments, and techniques. The three should support all the development steps of computational science applications while hiding architectural details from users. Computational science is also an interdisciplinary field in which many areas converge, and developing applications in this field requires the cooperation of people from different domains. Modeling and simulation using parallel cellular methods helps researchers cooperate by offering both a way to code an algorithm and an integrated environment for developing software     

Information tools for the shop-floor

New production and work practices set new proficiency requirements for employees in operative organisations. Most of these requirements involve information and communication. We can train and educate people to meet with these challenges and design their physical and information environments to support and facilitate them in their work. New information tools play a central role in this development. But what kind of tools? How to apply these tools to enhance employees’ learning by reflection. In this article we will discuss the emergency of shop-floor information environment from the sociotechnical point of view. In addition, the possibilities and limitations of electronic performance support as a solution are evaluated. Shop-floor information artifacts are tools used to produce, organise, store and distribute work related information in a shop-floor environment. They may be very simple like handwritten notes or user interfaces to extremely complex data management systems.     

信息检索的概率模式匹配

为解决不同的计算机平台、数据存储格式、文档模型以及结构文档模式的异构性,以及联邦数字图书馆和信息检索等应用环境中将一种模式下的数据结构转换成另一种模式下数据结构的需求.提出一个基于概率的模式匹配映射框架,称作PMap,使用概率论的方法,给出候选预测权值的概率学解释,从而选择一个最优的匹配方式.模式匹配就是寻找异构模式之间一致性,将主要应用在数据交换和联邦数字图书馆中的分布式信息检索领域中,使得异构文档获得统一的检索格式.     

产品信息管理如何促进全球数据同步

利用数据池(Data Pool)作为公共平台来进行产品属性描述的全球数据同步(Global Data Synchronization,GDS)技术,基本上是大型消费品和零售企业以及有关的标准组织如GS1比较认可的产品信息共享方法。然而,数据池的服务范围通常只包括企业对外的产品信息发布、订阅及数     

支持高速网络生存性的资源管理机制

在分析故障快速恢复机制的基础上,重点研究了支持自下而上性的资源策略机制,包括空闲容量的设计和动态调整两方面。结合资源管理。提出了生存性准入控制算法,作为正在研究的生存性服务质量框架的一个重要组成部分。     

Information access tools for software reuse

Software reuse has long been touted as an effective means to develop software products. But reuse technologies for software have not lived up to expectations. Among the barriers are high costs of building software repositories and the need for effective tools to help designers locate reusable software. Although many design-for-reuse and software classification efforts have been proposed, these methods are cost-intensive and cannot effectively take advantage of large stores of design artifacts that many development organizations have accumulated. Methods are needed that take advantage of these valuable resources in a cost-effective manner. This article describes an approach to the design of tools to help software designers build repositories of software components and locate potentially reusable software in those repositories. The approach is investigated with a retrieval tool, named CodeFinder, which supports the process of retrieving software components when information needs are ill-defined and users are not familiar with vocabulary used in the repository. CodeFinder uses an innovative integration of tools for the incremental refinement of queries and a retrieval mechanism that finds information associatively related to a query. Empirical evaluation of CodeFinder has demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach.     

Management and integrated tools

After a brief overview, tools representing a broad spectrum of management features are described in separate presentations. DSCC and Configuration Management Assistant offer a user-definable development framework in which other tools and systems can be included. Amplify Control, EAST IPSE, and Epos are integrated project-management software-engineering systems that provide specific functions in such development frameworks. Aisle, is also such a system but with the even more specific purpose of aiding Ada developers. The Integrated Test Tool System is a utility system that can be integrated with the output of an integrated programming environment to test and validate the results of development efforts, either in Ada, C, Cobol, Fortran, or Pascal. CASE-PM is an example of a learning tool being used by software-engineering students     

High-Speed Tools for Global Information Management. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL)

This part, PART IIB [2], of the document HIGH-SPEED TOOLS FOR GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) [1–6] contains the specifications for the operations that provide the arithmetic capabilities for Transparent Query Language. PART IIB references PART IIA [1] and PART IIC [3]. Concise definitions of Transparent Query Language terms, Conclusions and Acknowledgments are given in PART IIF [6].     

Global Atmospheric Profiles from Reanalysis Information (GAPRI): a new database for earth surface temperature retrieval

This paper presents the Global Atmospheric Profiles derived from Reanalysis Information (GAPRI) database, which was designed for earth surface temperature retrieval. GAPRI is a comprehensive compilation of selected atmospheric vertical profiles at global scale which can be used for radiative transfer simulation in order to obtain generalized algorithms to estimate land surface temperature (LST). GAPRI includes information on geopotential height, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis data from year 2011. The atmospheric profiles are structured for 29 vertical levels and extracted from a global spatial grid of about 0.75° × 0.75° latitude–longitude with a temporal resolution of 6 hours. The selection method is based in the extraction of clear sky profiles over different atmospheric weather conditions such as tropical, mid-latitude summer, subarctic, and arctic, while also considering sea and land areas and day- and night-time conditions. The GAPRI database was validated by comparing land and sea surface temperature values derived from it to those obtained using other existing atmospheric profile databases and in situ measurements. Moreover, GAPRI was also compared to previous radiosonde atmospheric profiles using simulated split-window algorithms. Results show good agreement between GAPRI and previous atmospheric databases, thus demonstrating the potential of GAPRI for studies related to forward simulations in the thermal infrared range. GAPRI is a freely available database that can be modified according to the user’s needs and local atmospheric conditions.     

High-Speed Tools for Global Information Management. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL)

In this part, PART IIE [5], of the document HIGH-SPEED TOOLS FOR GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) [1–6] the conversion of queries coded in SQL, Relational Algebra, QUEL and Query-By-Examples (QBE) to TQL are demonstrated. PART IIE references PART IIA [1], PART IIB [2], PART IID [3] and PART IIF [6]. Concise definitions of Transparent Query Language terms, Conclusions and Acknowledgments are given in PART IIF [6].     

High-Speed Tools for Global Information Management. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) PART IID. Manipulation of Information Representations

This part, PART IID [4], of the document HIGH-SPEED TOOLS FOR GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. II. Specifications and Uses of the Transparent Query Language (TQL) [1–6] is about normalization and manipulation of information representations. It references PART IIA [1], PART IIB [2] and PART IIC [3]. Concise definitions of Transparent Query Language terms, Conclusions and Acknowledgments are given in PART IIF [6].     

Analogy retrieval and processing with distributed vector representations

Holographic reduced representations (HRRs) are a method for encoding nested relational structures in fixed-width vector representations. HRRs encode relational structures as vector representations in such a way that the superficial similarity of the vectors reflects both superficial and structural similarity of the relational structures. HRRs also support a number of operations that could be very useful in psychological models of human analogy processing: fast estimation of superficial and structural similarity via a vector dot-product; finding corresponding objects in two structures; and chunking of vector representations. Although similarity assessment and discovery of corresponding objects both theoretically take exponential time to perform fully and accurately, with HRRs one can obtain approximate solutions in constant time. The accuracy of these operations with HRRs mirrors patterns of human performance on analog retrieval and processing tasks.     

Information appliances and tools in Visage

A workspace for information analysis must support two types of analysis: routine information reporting and exploratory analysis. We have been developing a workspace called Visage to address both types of analysis tasks. Our goal is for expert users to move easily between routine tasks and exploratory data analysis as situations demand. Furthermore, recognizing the inherent complexity of data analysis, we want a system that is accessible to occasional users yet simultaneously provides power and flexibility for expert users. Ideally, such a system should support a gradual shift to increasing expertise so that occasional users of routine interfaces can perform more detailed analyses if needed. Visage addresses these needs by providing a consistent interface to a wide variety of data manipulation and visualization primitives. Plus, it lets users combine these operations to create appliances-special-purpose applications capturing multiple steps of a routine data analysis process-in a single, simple interface. Analysts thus benefit from a common set of operations and ways to integrate information across applications. Visage provides both basic tools and specialized information appliances to help them