共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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微生物在肉和肉制品中起着重要作用。为了解微生物在肉和肉制品在生产、贮藏过程中的变化和作用,本文介绍了肉类微生物的概念和生物学特性,有关肉类微生物的形成和发展的历史事件,最后总结肉类微生物学研究的内容和任务,微生物在肉制品中的控制。 相似文献
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发酵肉是一种传统肉制品,具有特殊的风味,营养丰富,保质期长,提高了肉类的经济价值,促进了肉制品行业的发展,但发酵肉制品也存在安全隐患,如硝胺、生物胺、有害微生物残留超标等问题。将微生物应用到发酵肉制品生产过程中可以减少有害物质的产生和积累,并且能和有害微生物产生竞争;许多微生物可以产生促进蛋白质和脂肪分解的酶类,为产品风味的产生做出贡献。另外,微生物可以赋予产品功能特性,提高其营养价值。本文主要介绍国内外发酵肉制品的种类、用于生产发酵肉制品的功能性微生物种类及其功能特性、微生物的抑菌作用机理、降解生物胺作用机理及促进风味形成机理。 相似文献
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发酵肉制品历史悠久、风味独特、贮藏期长,深受消费者喜爱。本文从肉制品发酵过程中蛋白质降解的角度出发,结合近年发酵肉制品相关研究进展,阐述了影响肌肉蛋白质降解的因素,包括微生物蛋白酶和内源酶的作用机制、肉制品发酵核心微生物的蛋白酶水解活性;分析了肉制品发酵过程中经微生物蛋白酶或内源酶作用后肌肉蛋白质结构的变化,包括蛋白质二级、三级结构及功能性质的改变,并综述了蛋白质降解对发酵肉制品质地和风味的改善,以及蛋白质过度降解造成的品质劣变。最后对未来的研究方向进行展望,旨在为肉制品发酵控制的深入研究提供思路。 相似文献
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The effect of temperature, concentration of dissolved CO2 and water activity on the growth of Lactobacillus sake was investigated by developing predictive models for the lag phase and the maximum specific growth rate of this specific spoilage organism for gas-packed cooked meat products. Two types of predictive model were compared: an extended Ratkowsky model and a response surface model. In general, response surface models showed a slightly better correlation, but the response surface model for the maximum specific growth rate showed illogical predictions at low water activities. The concentration of dissolved CO2 proved to be a significant independent variable for the maximum specific growth rate as well as for the lag phase of L. sake. Synergistic actions on the shelf life-extending effect were noticed between temperature and dissolved CO2, as well as between water activity and dissolved CO2. The developed models were validated by comparison with the existing model of Kant-Muermans et al. (1997) and by means of experiments in gas-packed cooked meat products. Both developed models proved to be useful in the prediction of the microbial shelf life of gas-packed cooked meat products. 相似文献
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Competition between background microflora and microbial pathogens raises questions about the application of predictive microbiology in situ, i.e., in non-sterile naturally contaminated foods. In this article, we present a review of the models developed in predictive microbiology to describe interactions between microflora in foods, with a special focus on two approaches: one based on the Jameson effect (simultaneous deceleration of all microbial populations) and one based on the Lotka-Volterra competition model. As an illustration of the potential of these models, we propose various modeling examples in estimation and in prediction of microbial growth curves, all related to the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes with lactic acid bacteria in three pork meat products (fresh pork meat and two types of diced bacon). 相似文献
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Given the importance of Listeria monocytogenes as a risk factor in meat and poultry products, there is a need to evaluate the relative robustness of predictive growth models applied to meat products. The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Pathogen Modeling Program is a tool widely used by the food industry to estimate pathogen growth, survival, and inactivation in food. However, the robustness of the Pathogen Modeling Program broth-based L. monocytogenes growth model in meat and poultry application has not, to our knowledge, been specifically evaluated. In the present study, this model was evaluated against independent data in terms of predicted microbial counts and covered a range of conditions inside and outside the original model domain. The robustness index was calculated as the ratio of the standard error of prediction (root mean square error of the model against an independent data set not used to create the model) to the standard error of calibration (root mean square error of the model against the data set used to create the model). Inside the calibration domain of the Pathogen Modeling Program, the best robustness index for application to meat products was 0.37; the worst was 3.96. Outside the domain, the best robustness index was 0.40, and the worst was 1.22. Product type influenced the robustness index values (P < 0.01). In general, the results indicated that broth-based predictive models should be validated against independent data in the domain of interest; otherwise, significant predictive errors can occur. 相似文献
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Modeling the Transfer of Salmonella Enteritidis during Slicing of Ready‐to‐Eat Turkey Products Treated with Thyme Essential Oil
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Arícia M. M. Possas Guiomar D. Posada‐Izquierdo Fernando Pérez‐Rodríguez Rosa M. García‐Gimeno 《Journal of food science》2016,81(11):M2770-M2775
The increased demand for low‐sodium ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meat products highlights the need for new strategies to ensure food safety. The application of essential oils (EOs) as natural antimicrobials in the meat industry has been suggested to prevent or control cross‐contamination during meat processing operations. This work aims to quantify and model the transfer of Salmonella Enteritidis during the slicing procedure of RTE turkey products treated with thyme essential oil (TEO) at a concentration of 0.1% (v/w). Two products were subjected to the slicing procedure with slicer blades inoculated with S. Enteritidis at 108 cfu/mL. The Weibull and modified Weibull predictive models were fitted to the transfer data. Twenty slices were sampled and showed positive with bacteria, indicating cross‐contamination. The number of cells transferred per slice decreased logarithmically during the assays. The transfer models, based on the Weibull model, were suitable to describe the bacterial transfer trend on slices in most cases. TEO treatment reduced the transfer of Salmonella on a preservative free RTE turkey product. The predictive models obtained in this study can help food‐quality staff and managers on the design and assessment of processes to guard RTE turkey products against Salmonella. This work supports the addition of EOs to reduce microbial risk in RTE meat products. 相似文献
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肉制品加工过程中食源性致病菌容易在食物接触表面和机器设备表面发生交叉污染,导致成品存在食用风 险。国内外已有研究者采用风险评估手段评估肉制品的食用风险。本文针对2000年至今已有的肉制品加工过程中食 源性致病菌交叉污染及其模型应用研究进行了综述,介绍了肉制品加工过程中食源性致病菌的交叉污染现状和因交 叉污染导致的食源性疾病现状,简述了部分加工过程的交叉污染模型及其在风险评估领域的应用,同时对目前香肠 类和火腿类两类肉制品现有的风险评估研究进行概括,最后对将来开展肉制品加工过程中交叉污染研究和定量风险 评估提出建议和思考。建议加强肉制品加工过程中交叉污染建模研究,增强风险评估与风险管理的互动交流,完善 肉制品加工过程的风险监测,进而开展更多系统性的肉制品加工过程定量风险评估研究。 相似文献
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肉及肉制品营养丰富,也易受微生物污染,其食用安全性备受关注。本文介绍肉及肉制品中微生物限量要求,分析传统微生物检测方法的弊端,综述快速测试片法、三磷酸腺苷生物荧光法、分子诊断法、免疫分析法、光谱法、仪器法等新技术在肉及肉制品中微生物检测应用中的研究进展,以期为国内学者开展相关研究提供参考,满足肉类产业对微生物检测快速、准确的需求,为肉类企业减轻流通压力并降低由此带来的经济损失。 相似文献