碲化铋表面化学镀镍工艺

采用化学镀镍的方法在半导体Bi2Te3表面实现金属化.镀液配方为:NiSO4·6H2O 25 ～ 30 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 20 ～ 30 g/L,CH3COONa 5 g/L,C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 5 g/L.讨论了工艺参数对镀层性能的影响,通过骤冷试验检测镍镀层与半导体之间的结合力,运用扫描电镜...     

大口径光学反射镜化学镀镍工艺及质量管理

根据光学系统中铝合金、铍合金和无氧高导铜材料反射镜对镍-磷合金镀层的质量要求,在含30 g/L NiSO4·6H2O、10 g/LNaH2PO2·H2O,10 g/L CH3COONa、20 g/L C6H5Na3O7·2H2O、10～20 g/L稳定剂的体系中,于82～90℃、pH=4.4～4.8、装载量0.3～10.0 dm2/L的条件下,以5 μm/h的沉积速度在大口径反射镜表面沉积出无缺陷,结合力良好的优质镀层,镀层厚度为100 μm.分析了应用于反射镜的化学镀镍-磷合金工艺的特点,讨论了以提高镀层结合力、避免镀层表面缺陷为目的的化学镀镍-磷合金工艺及其质量控制方法,总结了生产过程实施监控时应注意的事项.     

超声对化学镀Ni-P层的微观形貌影响

研究了超声波条件下在Q235钢表面进行化学沉积Ni-P的工艺;利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-线衍射(XRD)对镀层成分、表面形貌及厚度进行了分析。结果表明,Q235钢表面化学镀Ni-P的最佳工艺参数为:硫酸镍(Ni SO4·6H2O)30g/L,次亚磷酸铵(NH4·H2PO2·H2O)32g/L,乳酸(C3H6O3)30g/L,柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)10g/L,无水乙酸钠(CH3COONa)20g/L,p H值4～5,温度80～85℃,化学镀时间90min;超声波可显著地提高化学镀Ni-P合金的镀速,明显地降低镀层的孔隙率,所得镀层更为均匀致密,且Ni-P合金化学镀层为非晶态合金,光亮、均匀,与基体结合面平整。     

无氰电镀白铜锡工艺与镀层性能

通过赫尔槽试验与方槽试验研究了镀液组成和工艺条件对白铜锡电镀层外观与组成的影响。最佳镀液组成与工艺条件为:Cu2P2O7·3H2O16～19g/L,Sn2P2O712～15g/L,K4P2O7·3H2O200～250g/L,K2HPO460～80g/L,有机胺类添加剂JZ-11.2～1.8mL/L,pH=8.5～8.7,温度20～25°C,阴极电流密度1.0A/dm2。采用该工艺对基体施镀20min可得到厚度为5.09μm、锡的质量分数为40%～50%的均匀白亮的Cu-Sn合金镀层。Cu-Sn合金镀层的晶体结构以CuSn和Cu41Sn11为主,结晶细致、无微裂纹,显微硬度为372HV,耐蚀性能比相同厚度的光亮镍镀层好。     

工艺参数对电镀镍铜合金镀层成分及相结构的影响

采用由200 g/L NiSO4·6H2O、10 g/L CuSO4·5H2O、80 g/L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O、0.2 g/L C12H25SO4Na和0.5 g/L糖精钠组成的镀液,在10~60 mA/cm2、pH=2.5~5.0和25~50°C条件下电沉积制备了NiCu合金镀层。探讨了镀液pH、电流密度、温度等工艺参数对镍铜合金镀层相结构和组成的影响。结果表明,NiCu合金镀层的铜含量随电流密度或温度升高而增大。但随pH增大,镀层铜含量降低,pH小于4.0时,NiCu合金镀层中含有单质铜。     

镍铁–立方氮化硼复合电刷镀工艺研究

通过复合电刷镀在20钢基体表面制备镍铁–立方氮化硼(CBN)复合镀层。研究了施镀电压、镀液温度及镀笔速率对复合镀层中CBN含量的影响,分析了镀层中CBN含量与耐磨性之间的关系。复合电刷镀NiFe–CBN的镀液组成和最佳工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O 270~300 g/L,FeCl2·2H2O 23~27 g/L,H3BO326~30 g/L,Na3C6H5O7·2H2O 20~30 g/L,糖精2~3 g/L,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.2~0.3 g/L,pH 3.2~4.0,电压14 V,温度50°C,镀笔速率15 m/min,时间100~120 min。在最佳工艺下所得镀层的CBN质量分数为9.8%,显微硬度为770 HV,耐磨性和结合力良好。     

6063铝合金化学镀镍–磷合金镀层的性能

以6063铝合金为基体进行化学镀Ni–P合金镀层,镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O 25~28 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 20~25 g/L,NH4HF2 20~23 g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 15~20 g/L,C6H8O7 8 g/L,KIO3 0.1 g/L,温度(80±2)°C,pH 5.5~6.0,时间2 h。表征了Ni–P镀层的形貌、结构、结合力、孔隙率以及耐蚀性等性能。结果表明,Ni–P镀层表面致密,呈非晶态,厚度为15μm,显微硬度为476 HV,结合力良好,耐蚀性明显优于基体。     

专利实例

电镀镍及其合金两则　2 0 0 35 0 1 无硼酸镀镍电解液一种无硼酸的镀镍电解液组成如下 :Ni SO4·6H2 O 2 0 0～ 360 g/L;Ni Cl2 · 6H2 O 30～ 90 g/L;Ni3 ( C6H5O7) 2 · 1 4H2 O2 4～ 42 g/L;C6H8O7· H2 O1 2～ 2 1 g/L;以水为溶剂。溶液的 p H值为 3～ 5。(日本专利 ) JP2 0 0 1 1 72 790 - A2 ( 2 0 0 1 - 0 6- 2 6)2 0 0 35 0 2 　　保护性 Ni- W合金镀层电解液提出了获得高耐蚀性 Ni- W合金镀层的方法和电解液。电解液组成和工艺条件如下 :硫酸镍 2 5～35 g/L;氯化镍 3～ 5 g/L;钨酸钠 8～ 5 0 g/L;柠檬酸钠 2 5～ 1 5…     

以磷酸盐–高锰酸钾体系化学转化作为前处理的AZ91D镁合金化学镀镍工艺

以磷酸盐–高锰酸钾体系化学转化膜作为化学镀Ni–P层和AZ91D镁合金基体之间的中间层,以取代传统的HF活化前处理。化学转化液组成和工艺条件为:KMnO4 31.6 g/L,Na3PO4·12H2O 0.5 g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 4.1 g/L,CH3COOH10.0 g/L,室温,5 min。化学镀镍液组成和工艺为:NiSO4·6H2O20 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 20 g/L,C6H5Na3O7·2H2O 10 g/L,NH4F10 g/L,pH 8.0,80~85°C,2 h。分别采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等研究了Ni–P镀层的微观形貌、成分和结构,并采用电化学方法表征了Ni–P镀层的耐蚀性。结果表明,所得Ni–P合金镀层均匀、致密,厚度约为45μm,可显著提高基体的耐腐蚀性能。     

环氧树脂板化学镀镍工艺研究

对环氧树脂板进行预处理后,通过单因素实验研究了化学镀镍工艺。以基本配方为基础,优化基本配方,并研究溶液各组分及工艺条件对镀液和镀层的影响,得到最佳工艺条件：NiSO4.6H2O（25 g/L）、NaH2PO2.H2O（30 g/L）、C6H5Na3O7.2H2O（30 g/L）、Na4P2O7.10H2O（10 g/L）、NH4Cl（30 g/L）、稳定剂（4 mg/L）、pH=9.0、T=40℃,机械搅拌。该配方镀速快,镀液稳定,镀层性能良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。