一种改进的Apriori算法的研究

本文对关联规则数据挖掘经典算法Apriori算法需要重复扫描数据库的不足提出了一种新算法。该算法在连接两个频繁（k-1）-项集时,对其事务标识符进行交计算,得到新的候选k-项集。避免了对数据库的频繁扫描,大大提高了算法效率。     

改进的Apriori算法在试题关联分析中的应用

针对关联规则挖掘中经典Apriori算法由于多次扫描数据、产生大量候选集及产生候选集时连接次数多等缺陷,导致效率较低。文中提出删除部分特殊事务,减少扫描数据次数。在生成候选k-项集前,对频繁k-1项集进行约简,减少连接次数和候选k-项集数,对Apriori算法进行改进。并将改进的Apriori算法用于试题分析中,得出试题之间的关联关系。实例表明,改进后的算法在效率上优于Apriori算法。     

数据挖掘Apriori算法的改进

为了解决数据挖掘中关联规则Apriori算法存在的缺陷,提出了一种全新的基于对候选项集处理的改进算法。该算法主要采用一次扫描数据库和对候选项集进行计数处理的方法,实现了减少执行时间以及计算量的目的。实际应用表明,改进后的Apriori算法具有操作简便、测试准确的特点,达到了提高数据挖掘效率和准确性的要求。     

应用于音乐节目分类的Apriori挖掘算法设计

传统Apriori挖掘算法需多次扫描数据库、多次连接频繁项集,导致挖掘效率较低,为此对Apriori挖掘算法加以改进,设计一种新的Apriori挖掘算法用于音乐节目分类。改进的Apriori挖掘算法采用莱特准则对音频数据进行野值与噪声平滑处理,改进Apriori挖掘算法的音频数据库映射令两个线性表分别负责音频数据存储和对应项存储,音频数据库扫描次数降为一次;改进Apriori挖掘算法的连接次数无需对不具备交运算能力的元素进行交运算操作,减少频繁项集连接次数。基于改进频繁项集Apriori挖掘算法挖掘频繁项集、生成音频数据关联规则,基于关联规则集构建分类器,实现音乐节目分类。实验结果显示,改进Apriori挖掘算法用于音乐节目分类的效率优势突出,准确度高。     

频繁项集快速挖掘及更新算法

为了克服Apriori发现频繁项集存在的问题,提出了一种基于三维项集矩阵和向量(TIMV)的频繁项集挖掘算法.该算法摆脱了Apriori框架的束缚,仅需扫描数据库一次,不产生候选项目集.当事务数据库和最小支持度发生变化时,该算法只需重新遍历一次项集矩阵,即可得到新的频繁项集.实验结果表明,算法能有效提高频繁项目集的挖掘和更新效率.     

基于项集特性的关联规则挖掘中Apriori算法的改进

提出一个改进Apriori的算法IApr,利用事务数据库的事务数相对于项集的项的个数而言要大得多这一特点,采用线性存储结构,并结合推出并证明的项集特性,考虑候选频繁项目集的各个项的应满足的条件,只需扫描一次事务数据库,有效减少了生成候选频繁项集的数目,从数据扫描量、搜索空间、时间复杂度上分析都提高了算法效率。     

基于Apriori的改进的频繁模式挖掘算法

在分析Apriori算法时间开销的基础上提出了一种优化的Apriori算法,它通过垂直数据布局并结合有效的链表结构减少了对数据库的扫描次数,通过按支持度大小升序排序减少了候选项集的数量,利用排序后项集的有序性减少了连接次数,有效减少了时间开销,从而提高了算法效率.实验结果验证了优化算法的可行性和有效性.     

一种基于项目编码的关联规则改进算法

针对传统的Apriori算法在挖掘布尔型关联规则的频繁项集中需不断扫描数据库,在时间与空间上都存在很大的冗余,尤其在处理海量稠密数据时,算法性能急剧下降的问题,本文从减少对数据集的扫描次数入手对Apriori算法进行改进,提出一种采用项目编码方式挖掘频繁项集的算法。最后通过实验结果证明改进后的算法在支持度较小情况下,在执行时间上比经典的Apriori算法的具有较高的执行效率。     

一种新型的改进Apriori算法研究

Apriori算法是数据挖掘关联规则研究中的经典算法,由于它需要多次扫描数据库,造成系统运行效率比较低。所以在对Apriori算法进行了分析之后提出了改进的Apriori算法。改进的主要思想是基于将事务数据库转化成相应的0-1矩阵,通过对矩阵中每个向量与其后的向量做内积运算来计算支持度,并将计算得到的支持度与给定的最小支持度作比较,删除小于最小支持度的行与列,缩小矩阵的规模,提高了运行速度效率。改进的算法只需要对数据库扫描一次,运行效率比较高。实验结果表明,该优化方案是有效可行的。     

一种基于矩阵的Apriori改进算法

Apriori算法是经典的关联规则挖掘算法之一。该算法可以很好地挖掘关联规则,通过连接步和剪枝步从频繁项集中获取候选项集,但产生大量的候选项集,这就需要重复扫描数据库,大大增加算法运行时间。文中提出一种基于矩阵的改进算法,通过事务矩阵和候选项集项目矩阵相乘的矩阵操作来改进频繁扫描数据库的问题。事务数组的建立可以删除不能生成下一频繁项集的事务,删除不必要的项,针对频繁项集的产生过程优化Apriori算法的连接步和修剪步。在不同的数据集下通过实验验证改进算法不仅能准确地挖掘出频繁项集而且大大地缩短挖掘时间。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks