两非正交传感器测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术研究

提出非正交位置两传感器在线测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术理论,可同时获得主轴回转误差和工件圆度误差的测量结果。本方法虽然存在原理误差,但具体实施时却有传感器调整容易、测试系统简单、成本低廉和便于测量等诸多优点。较现行三传感器更具有实用性、同时讨论了实际测量保证误差分离精度注意的几个问题。     

机床主轴径向回转误差的测试与研究

给出了一种主轴回转误差动态测量的误差分离方法,提出了一套主轴回转精度的动态测试系统.该系统由位移测试单元、采样时钟单元、数据采集卡、通用计算机及数据处理软件组成.该系统用于电主轴回转精度的实际测量,取得了良好效果.     

主轴回转误差对加工影响的数学描述

就车床、镗床类机床主轴纯径向跳动和终了角度摆动所产生的加工误差进行了单因素分析，并给出了较为精确的数学表达。     

磁浮主轴回转误差的测试及分析

使用复向量方程和复数形式的二维傅立叶频率分析方法对磁浮主轴回转精度的评定进行了理论分析及数学论证 ,指出了影响磁浮主轴回转精度的关键因素。     

主轴回转误差测量技术研究现状

主轴回转误差是超精密领域的一个重要参数,准确测量主轴回转误差,对控制主轴运动、提高加工精度而言具有重要意义.介绍了主轴回转误差测量技术的研究现状.现有的主轴回转误差测量技术可以分为探针法、光学法、刻痕法,对探针法中常用的反转法、多点法、多步法进行了原理论述与误差分析.     

两非正交传感器测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术研究

提出非正交安置两传感器在线测量主轴回转精度的误差分离技术理论,可同时获得主轴回转误差和工件圆度误差的测量结果。本方法虽然存在原理误差,但具体实施时却有传感器安装调整容易、测试系统简单、成本低廉和便于测量等诸多优点。较现行三传感器法更具有实用性。同时讨论了实际测量保证误差分离精度注意的几个问题。     

机床主轴回转误差测试系统的研究

针对机床主轴测试方法中存在的测量基准安装偏心的问题,提出了一种有效的解决方法,从测量原理、误差信号的处理等方面来阐述测试方法,最后通过实验对测量结果进行分析,实现了对测试方法的研究.     

数控车床主轴热变形检测及回转精度评定

针对主轴回转热误差包含的多种误差分量,采用双向正交法测量了不同转速温度场下数控车床主轴热变形所引起的回转误差。以复向量描述主轴回转精度理论为基础,利用FFT误差分离方法,从传感器测得的信号中分离并去除检棒的安装偏心及热变形导致的回转中心的偏移量,从而得到精确的主轴回转热误差信息,进而评定数控机床主轴热变形对加工精度的影响。     

机床主轴回转误差计算机辅助测试

本文给出了机床主轴回转误差计算机辅助测试系统。该系统与传统测量系统相比具有测量精度高。数据处理能力强，操作方便等特点。     

机床主轴回转误差测试研究

以LabVIEW为平台,设计了主轴回转误差实验系统。该系统由位移测试单元、采样时钟单元、数据采集卡及通用计算机组成。用于主轴回转精度的实际测量,取得了良好效果。     

High-accuracy roundness measurement by a new error separation method

This paper presents a new error separation method for accurate roundness measurement called the orthogonal mixed method. This method uses the information of one displacement probe and one angle probe to separate roundness error from spindle error. This method was developed from the mixed method, which uses the information of two displacement probes and one angle probe to carry out the error separation. In the present paper, the relationship between the characteristics of the mixed method and the probe arrangement is analyzed. Well-balanced harmonic response of the mixed method is verified to be obtainable for the case where the angular distance between the displacement probe and the angle probe is set at 90°. This orthogonal mixed method also had the simplest probe arrangement, because it requires only one displacement probe and one angle probe to realize the error separation. Optical probes were used to construct an experimental measurement system that employs the orthogonal mixed method. The displacement probe and the angle probe both use the principle of the critical angle method of total reflection, and they have stabilities of 1 nm and 0.01 in., respectively. The measurement results show that roundness measurement can be performed with a repeatability on the order of several nanometers.     

两点法在曲轴圆度误差测量中的应用

采用误差分离技术,将经典三点法演化为两点法,对曲轴轴颈圆度误差进行实时在位精确测量。实现曲轴轴颈圆度误差和工件主轴回转运动误差的有效分离,去除了工件主轴回转运动误差对圆度误差的影响,对系统的测量精度及测量误差做了详细分析。     

基于误差分离技术的几种圆柱度测量模型分析

对国内提出的四点法、五点法、两测头法等几种典型的基于误差分离技术的圆柱度测量模型分别进行了分析，探讨了这些测量模型中存在的一些问题。     

测量误差与测量不确定度的比较应用

文章详细介绍了测量误差和测量不确定度的基本概念以及两者之间的关系,阐述了采用测量不确定度评定测量结果的质量的必然性,旨在正确地了解掌握其实质、以便在工作中能正确地应用测量不确定度的评定与表示。     

接触式轴孔内径在线测量中测头系统误差分析

为提高轴孔内径在线测量精度,分析了接触式测量过程中,测头半径误差与测头预行程误差对测量结果的影响以及其补偿方法。针对测量过程中测头半径误差,通过计算被测点的法矢,可进行有效的测头半径误差补偿;提出了基于BP神经网络的预行程误差预测模型,根据标准球实际测得的预行程误差,在对所建立的神经网络训练的基础上,对触发式测头在不同法矢上的预行程误差进行预测,并将预测结果与标准球相应的实际测得的结果进行比较,比较结果验证了该预行程误差预测模型的有效性。     

基于直线电动机驱动的2X-Y联动进给轴圆轮廓误差测试研究

分析高速机床上直线电动机驱动进给轴的优越性,构建了基于直线电动机驱动的2X-Y联动进给轴实验平台,给出了联动进给轴在XOY平面内的圆轮廓误差的评定方法和误差值的两个表现形式:圆度的偏差和均方根差。探讨了应用双频激光干涉仪测量实验平台圆轮廓误差的测试原理和方法,并对2X-Y联动进给轴圆度的偏差和均方根偏差进行测试实验研究,测试结果表明圆度的偏差和均方根偏差都随进给速度增大而增大,随进给加速度增大而减小,圆轮廓插补过程应当避免1m/s2以下的过小进给加速度。     

转台误差对数字天顶仪轴系误差的影响

针对数字天顶仪在定位过程中存在的的轴系偏差,研究了如何对光轴与旋转轴、旋转轴与垂直轴之间的角度偏差进行补偿的方法。为了高精度地解算出测站点位置垂直轴的天文坐标,采用对称位置的两幅星图直接解算旋转轴的坐标,从而避免了光轴与旋转轴之间的补偿。采用双轴倾角仪测量倾角,并对旋转轴进行倾角补偿得出垂直轴的位置坐标。考虑进行轴系补偿时,转台误差会对旋转轴坐标和倾角补偿造成影响,分别研究了转台误差对于旋转轴以及倾角补偿的影响,并得出了转台误差的范围。实验结果表明:当测站点纬度的绝对值小于或等于88.3°时,转台误差必须小于或等于35″;当测站点纬度的绝对值大于88.3°时,转台误差值要小于|1 166.8cosδ|″。在对称位置解算测站点位置坐标时,必须提高转台的精度,以减小转台误差对于定位精度的影响。     

High accurate squareness measurement squareness method for ultra-precision machine based on error separation

Traditional measurement methods of squareness for ultra-precision motion stage have many limitations, especially the errors caused by the inaccuracy of standard specimens. On the basis of error separation, this paper presents a novel method to measure squareness with an optical square brick. The angles between the guideways and the four lines of brick section are measured based on the fact that sum of interior angle of a quadrilateral is 2π, and the squareness is obtained. A squareness measurement experiment was performed on a profilometer with a modified optical square brick. Experimental results show that the squareness accuracy between X and Y axes is not influenced by the accuracy of brick, and the measurement repeatability reaches 0.22 arcsec. Finally, a verification experiment to the proposed method was carried out with a high accurate standard specimen, and the error between the two methods is 1.06 arcsec. According to the error results and simulation analysis of the measurement system, the measurement error based on error separation is 0.06 arcsec. The proposed method is able to achieve a very high accurate squareness measurement with auxiliary components of normal accuracy, and can be applied to measure the accuracy class of sub-arcsec squareness.     

The new concepts of measurement error theory

In current measurement theory, there are various logical and philosophical troubles, and the evaluation concepts of measurement error are various and inconsistent among different schools. This paper throws away the shackle of the current measurement theories and concepts, and re-discusses basic measurement concepts. By proving a new measurement error theory that any error is a bias and follows random distribution, this paper points out the misunderstanding of traditional measurement theory, subverts the traditional error category theory, gives out a new interpretation of measurement uncertainty concept, proposes abolishing the concept system of precision, trueness, and accuracy, and thereby achieves the united measurement concept system across all the disciplines, including geodesy, geomatics, metrology, instrumentation, and so on.     

天顶摄影仪轴系误差对垂线偏差测量精度的影响及其修正方法

由于机械加工精度和常平架的调平精度有限,天顶摄影仪的视轴、垂直旋转轴与铅垂线总是存在不一致,导致测量精度与理论精度存在很大的偏差.为了提高垂线偏差测量系统的精度,根据天顶摄影仪的测量原理,定性、定量地分析了各种轴系误差对垂线偏差测量精度的影响,提出了相应的修正方案,推出了修正公式和修正后的误差公式,同时还分析了由于轴系不一致引起的恒星影像偏差及其影响.最后,考虑实际的工艺水平,确定了系统的各种参数,通过仿真、模拟计算得出修正后的系统测量误差为0.4285″.